CHAPTER - 1

INTRODUCTION

Employee’s health safety and welfare at work

are protected by law Employer has a duty to
protect employees and keep informed about health
and safety employees have a responsibility to look
after yourself and others. If there is a problem,
discuss it with employer or safety representative if
there is one. This leaflet is a brief guide to health
and safety law. It does not describe the law in
detail, but it does list the key points. Employer
has a duty under the law to ensure so far as is
reasonably practicable employee’s health, safety
and welfare at work. Employer must consult with
employer or employees safety representative on
matters relating to your health and safety at work.
Including any change which may substantially
affect employee’s health and safety at work, eg. in
procedures equipment or ways of working the
employer’s arrangements for getting competent
people to help employee’s safety health and safety
laws. The information employees have to be
given on the likely risks and dangers arising from
your work measures to reduce or get rid of these
risks and what employee should do if employees
have to deal with a risk or danger. The planning
of health and safety and the health and safety
consequences of introducing new technology. In
general employer’s duties include making
employees workplace safe and without risks to
health ensuring plant and machinery are safe and
that safe systems of work are set and followed
ensuring articles and substances are moved, stored
and used safety providing adequate welfare
facilities giving employees information,
instruction, training and supervision necessary for
employees health and safety in particular
employer must assess the risks to employees
health and safety makes arrangement for
implementing the health and safety measures
identified as being necessary by the assessment. If
there are five or more employees record the
significant findings of the risk assessment and the
arrangements for health and safety measures. If
there are five or more employees draw up a health
and safety policy statement including the health
and safety organization and arrangements in force
and bring it to your attention appoint someone
competent to assist with health and safety
responsibilities and consult employee or
employees safety representative about this
appointment co-operate on health and safety with
other employers sharing the same workplace set-
up emergency procedures provide adequate first
aid facilities make sure that the workplace
satisfies health, safety and welfare requirements
eg. for ventilation, temperature, lighting and
sanitary, washing and rest facilities make sure that
work equipment is suitable for its intended use so
far as health and safety is concerned, and that it is
properly maintained and used prevent or
adequately control exposure to substances which
may damage your health take precautions against
danger from flammable or explosive hazards
electrical equipment noise and radiator avoid
hazarders manual handling operations and where
they cannot be avoided reduce the risk of injury
provide health surveillance as appropriate provide
free and protective clothing or equipment where
risks are not adequately controlled by other means
ensure that appropriate safety signs are provided
and maintained report certain injuries, diseases
and dangerous occurrences to the appropriate
health and safety enforcing authority. [see box
below for who this is]. So this study entitled as a
study on Health & Safety measure with reference
to tanfac(pvt) ltd cuddalore.
 CHAPTER - 3

REVIEW OF LITERATURE

Health and Safety:

INTRODUCTION:
Health is a state of complete physical, mental and
social well being and not merely the absence of
disease. It is the out come of the interaction between
the individual and his environment. He is healthy
who is well adjusted.

 Health Meaning:
The term ‘health’ is a positive and dynamic concept.
In common parlance health implies absence of
disease. However, that industrial health implies
much more than more absence of disease is clear
from Health.

 Definition [Health]:
The worker who is healthy is always cheerful
confident working and strength well being in any
time that is called health.

 Safety Meaning:
Before discussing other issues relating to safety, it is
useful to understand the nature of safety. Safety, in
simple terms, means freedom from the occurrence of
risk of injury or loss. Industrial safety or employee
safety refers to the protection of workers from the
danger of industrial accidents. An accident, then is
an unplanned and un-controlled event in which an
action or reaction of an object a substance, a person,
or a radiation result in personal injury.

 Definition [Safety]:
Safety means prevention to danger or risk injury or
loss. Industrial safety or employee safety to
protection of workers from the danger of Industrial
accidents.
Working conditions affecting health:
1. Cleanliness:
Hygiene is essential of health dirt should be removed
daily from the workplace, furniture, staircases etc.
properly cleaned and his infected spittoons must be
provided at convenient places.

2. Lighting:
Adequate and proper lighting is essential for higher
efficiency and good quality of work. Poor lighting on
the other hand causes eye strain mental fatigue,
accidents and spoilage of materials.

3. Temperature and Ventilation:

Flow of fresh air with right temperature and
humidity is necessary for protection of health in hat
and humid climate employees feel tired and sleepy
ventilation fans coolers, heaters, air conditioners help
to maintain right temperature and humidity.
4. Freedom from Noise:
Too much noise inside and outside the work place
causes disturbance. It does not allow workers to
concentrate on the work and their efficiency declines.

5. Working space and Seating arrangements:

Adequate space should be provided for free
movement of persons machines etc. over crowding
should be avoided as it spoils health and efficiency.

OCCUPATIONAL HAZARDS AND DISEASES:

1. Chemical substances:
Carbon di oxide, sulphuric acid, limes and alkalise
cause injury when they are absorbed through skin and
inhaling.

2. Biological Hazards:
Bacteria, fungi, viruses, insects malnutrition
excessive drinking and job stress affect employer
health.

3. Environmental records :
These include radiation, noise, vibrations shocks
etc. X-rays are radio active exposure may cause eye
train genetic disorders and cancer.

4.Atmospheric conditions :-
Ventilation improper lighting extrane
temperature etc., effect health and efficiency of
employees.
Under the factories act 1948. hazardous process
to defined as “any process or activity in relation to
are industry specified in the first schedule. Where
unless special care taken raw material used there in or
the intermediate are finished products.

 Protection against health hazards :-

 The types of measure can be taken to protect
employee health against occupational hazards.
1. Preventive measures
2. Curative measures

The former category includes

a) Pre-employment and periodic medical
examination.
b)Removal of health hazards to the maximum
possible extent.
c) Check over women and alter workers exposed to
especial risks.
d)Training of first aid staff.
e) Education workers in health and hygiene etc...

The curative measures consist of treatment for

the effect workers. Use of less toxic materials,
providing protecting devices, controlling dust, fumes
gases etc.. are some of the convenient and
inexpensive measures that can be taken by the
employers to prevent health hazards to employees.
 Statutory provisions concerning health:
The factories act 1948 says down the following
provisions concerning employees health.

1. Cleanliness :-
a) Every factory shall be kept clean and free from
effluvia arising from any drain.
b) Privy are other nuisance. The flavour of every
work room shall be cleaned at least once in every
week by washing.
c) Where a flavour is likely to become wet increase
of any manufacturing process to such an extent as
is capable of being drained effective means of
drainage shall be provided.
d) Walls partitions ceiling doors, windows etc... shall
be painted varnished, white colour washed in the
prescribed manner.
2. Disposal of waste and Effluents:-
Effective arrangement shall be made in every
factory for the treatment of wastes and effluents due
to manufacturing process carried on there in, so as to
render them innocueres and for their disposal.

3. Ventilation and Temperature :-

a. The every factory for securing and maintaining
in every work room the circulation of fresh air
and such a temperature as will secure to workers
there in reasonable conditions of comfort and
prevent injury to health.
b) The process which provides high temperature
shall be separated from the work room by
insulating the hot parts or by alter effective
means.

4. Artificial Humidification :-
 In any factory in which the humidity of the air is
artificially increased, the water use for the
purpose shall be taken from a public supply are
other source of drinking water or shall be
effectively purified before it is so used.

5. Over Crowding :-
There shall be in every work room of a factory at
least 9.9 cubic metres [for the factories existing
before this act] and 14.2 cubic metres [for factories
built after this act] of space for every worker. In
calculating such space, no account shall be taken of
any space which is more than 4.2 metres above the
level of the room’s floor.

6. Lighting :-
a) In every part of the factory where workers are
working are passing there shall be provided and
maintained sufficient and suitable lighting
material are artificial or bath.
b) All glazed windows and sky lights used for
lighting shall be kept clean and free from
obstructions.

7. Drinking :-
a) In every factory effective arrangement shall be
made so provided and maintain at suitable points
conveniently situated for all workers.
b) All such points shall be marked “drinking water”
in a language understand by a majority of
workers employed in the factory.

8. Latrines and urinals :-

a) In every factory :- Sufficient latrine
accommodation of prescribed type shall be
provided conveniently situated and accessible to
workers at the time while they are at the factory.
b) In every factory where in more than two hundred
and fifty workers are ordinarily employed. All
latrine accommodation shall be of prescribed
sanitary types
9. Spittoons :-
a) In every factory there shall be provided a
sufficient number of spittoons at convenient
places and they shall be maintains in a clean and
hygienic condition.
b) No person shall spit within the premises of a
factory except in the spittoon provided for the
purpose.

 Types of Accidents
Accidents are of different types. They may be
classified as major and minor ones, depending upon
the severity of the injury. An accident which ends in a
death, or which results in a prolonged disability to the
injured is a major one. A scratch or a cut which does
not seriously disable him/her is a minor accident.

An accident may be internal or external. If a

worker falls, or an object falls on him/her, it is
possible he or she may show no external signs of
injury, but he or she may have fractured a bone or
strained a muscle or nerve --- which is an internal
injury. A worker may be disabled by an injury for an
hour, half a day, a day, a week, a month, or a few
months. If he or she recovers from such a disability,
his or her disability is temporary, If the injury is such
that he or she will never recover fully, his or her
disability is permanent.
 Accidents

Internal External

Major Minor

Fatal Disability

Temporary Permanent

Partial Total Total Partial

 Need for Safety

 Eliminate the causes for accidents and industrial
safety is ensured.
 Why safety?
An accident-free plant enjoys certain benefits.
Major ones are substantial
1. Savings in costs
2. Increased productivity
3. And moral and legal grounds.

 Cost Saving :
Two types of costs are incurred by the
management when an accident occurs. There are the
direct costs, in the form of compensation payable to
the dependents of the victim if the accident is fatal,
and medical expenses incurred in treating the patient
if the accident is non-fatal, the management,
however, is not liable to meet the direct costs if the
victim is insured under the ESI scheme. When the
victim is uninsured, compensation and medical
expenses are the responsibility of the management.
There is the cost of risk management, which the
management must bear.

More serious than the direct costs are the indirect

or hidden costs which the management cannot avoid.
In fact, the indirect costs are three to four times
higher than the direct costs. Hidden costs include loss
on account of down-time of operators, slowed-up
production rate of other workers, materials spoiled
and labour for cleaning, and damages to equipment.

When an injured worker returns (if he/she is

lucky to do so), he/she may operate at less than
his/her normal efficiency for sometime. Co-workers,
too, may become emotionally upset for some time
and consequently turnout fewer and inferior goods.
Finally, customers may be lost because of the non-
execution of orders on time.
A safety plant, by avoiding accidents, eliminates
these direct and indirect costs.
 Increased productivity :
Safety plants are efficient plants. To a large extent,
safety promotes productivity, employees in safe
plants can be devote more time to improving the
quality and quantity of their output and spend less
time worrying about their safety and well-being.

 Moral :
Safety is important on humane grounds too.
Managers must undertake accident prevention
measures to minimise the pain and suffering the
injured worker and his/her family are often exposed
to as a result of the accident. An employee is a
worker in the factory and the bread-winner for his/her
family. The happiness of his/her family depends upon
the health and well-being of the worker. It is no secret
that the dependents of a worker look forward to
his/her reaching home safe everyday. Imagine their
agony when they receive the news that the fingers,
legs, eyes, hands or the life itself of their bread-
winner has been in jeopardy. True, a fatal or non-fatal
injury entitles his/her dependents or him to monetary
a compensation, as per the workmen’s compensation
act, 1923. But is monetary compensation a substitute
for the person?

 Legal :
There are legal reasons too for undertaking safety
measures. There are laws covering occupational
health and safety, and penalties for non-compliance
have become quite serve. The responsibility extends
to the safety and health of the surrounding
community, too. The Supreme Court held:
 An enterprise which is engaged in a hazardous or
inherently dangerous industry which poses a potential
threat to the health and safety of the persons working
in the factory and industry in the surrounding areas,
owes an absolute and non-delegable duty to the
community to ensure that no harm result to anyone on
account of the hazardous or inherently dangerous
nature. This implies unlimited liability.
The civil law established the extent of damages
or compensation. Under the criminal law, sentences
are prescribed under the pollution control laws. There
is no legal ceiling on the extent of liability.

Finally, financial losses which accompany

accidents can be avoided if the plant is accident free.
Financial losses can be considerable as revealed in
table.

 Safety programme
 Safety programme deals with the prevention of
accidents and with minimising the resulting loss and
damage to persons and property. Five basic principles
must govern the safety programme of an
organisation. The five principles are:
1. Industrial accidents result from a multiplicity of
factors. But these have to be traced to their root
causes, which are usually faults in the
management system arising from poor leadership
from the top, inadequate supervision, insufficient
attention to the design of safety into the system,
an unsystematic approach to the identification,
analysis and elimination of hazards, and poor
training facilities.
2. The most important function of safety
programmes is to identify potential hazards,
provide effective safety facilities and equipment
and to take prompt remedial action. This is
possible only if there are:
  Comprehensive and effective systems
for reporting all accidents causing damage
or injury;
 Adequate accident records and
statistics;
 Systematic procedures for carrying out
safety checks, inspections and
investigations;
 Methods of ensuring that safety
equipment is maintained and used; and
 Proper means available for persuading
managers, supervisors and workers to pay
more attention to safety matters.
3. The safety policies of the organisation should be
determined by the top management and it must
be continuously involved in monitoring safety
performance and in ensuring that corrective
action is taken when necessary.
 4. The management and the supervision must be
made fully accountable for safety performance in
the working areas they control.
5. All employees should be given thorough training
in safe methods of work and they should receive
continuing education and guidance on
eliminating safety hazards and prevention of
accidents.

A safety programme generally contains six elements,

namely
1. Making strategic choices.
2. Development of policies, procedures and training
systems.
3. Organisation for safety.
4. Analysis of the caused and occurrence of
accidents.
5. Implementation of the programme.
6. Evaluation of the effectiveness of the
programme.
 Strategic Choices
The first step in a safety programme is for
managements to make decisions regarding safety of
their workers. Many of the decisions made are based
on strategic choices available to the organisation.
Some of these strategic choices are;

1. Managers must determine the level of protection

the organisation will provide for employees.
Some companies, for financial or liability
reasons, prefer a minimum level of protection,
while other organisations choose a maximum
level of protection, while other organisations
choose a maximum level of protection.
2. Managers can decide whether a safety
programme will be formal or informal. Formal
programmers will have return regulations and are
carefully monitored. Informal regulations are
enforced through peer pressure or good training.
 3. Managers can also be proactive or reactive in
developing procedures or plans with respect to
employee safety. Proactive managers seek to
improve the safety of employees prior to a need
to do so, while reactive managers fix safety
problems after they occur.
4. Managers can decide to use the safety of workers
as a marketing tool for the organisation. This
type of strategy would involve publicising what
the company has done to promote safety and how
safe the plant is to work with.

The four strategic choices listed above will also apply

to issues relating to health of workers.

 Safety Policy
The second step in evolving a safety programme
is to have a safety policy. A policy specifies the
company’s goals and designates the responsibilities
and authority for their achievement. It may also
provide caveats and sanctions for failing to fulfil
them. There are differences in the form and content
of corporate policies. Their style, however, is not as
important as the clarity with which they identify
functional responsibilities and authority.

Specifically, a safety policy must contain a

declaration of the organisation’s intent and the means
by which the intent is to be realised. As a part of the
intent, the statement should emphasise four
fundamental points4 (i) the safety of employees and
the public is of paramount importance; (ii) safety will
take precedence over expediency; (iii) every effort
will be made to involve all managers, supervisors and
employees in the development and implementation of
safety procedures; and (iv) safety legislation will be
complied with, in the spirit as well as the letter of the
law.
The means to realise the intent part of a policy refers
to the organisation for safety.

 Organisation for safety

The third step in evolving a safety programme is
to constitute an organisation for safety. Companies
constitute safety committees which are, composed of
employees from across the organisation. Typically,
safety committees serve in advisory capacities and
are responsible for such tasks as reviewing safety
procedures, making recommendations for eliminating
specific safety and health hazards, investigating
accidents, fielding safety related complaints from
employees and monitoring statutory compliance.

Most companies employ safety specialists to

design and handle the day-to day activities of the
safety programme. Responsibility of employee safety
devolves upon the HR department whose task is to
co-ordinate the activities of all those concerned with
safety.
The top management cannot absolve itself of the
responsibility of ensuring employee safety. In fact,
the managing director of the company is held
responsible for an accident and is punished with fine,
imprisonment or both.

Risk management is becoming very common

these days. A typical modern corporation carries a
portfolio of risks. They include risks associated with
industrial safety, process technology, hazard
insurance, materials management and environment
degradation. The simplest way of safeguarding
oneself is insurance. But insurance to cover all risks
may not be available or will be expensive, if
available. Industrial risk management is the answer to
the problem. The job of risk
management is to assess all risks for frequency,
probability and severity, and to take necessary steps
to avoid or reduce the impact of potential losses,
besides monitoring the results.

The trend nowadays is to constitute a separate

department for risk management. Essar, for example,
has a 22-member department which is called the
department of environment, risk and insurance
management. The team comprises experts in
insurance and risk management, chemicals,
electronics, mechanical and electrical engineering,
and environmental science.

Consortium approach is spreading to safety, too.

In Mumbai, a handful of companies have taken the
initiative in setting up a mutual aid programme. They
have written a ready reckoner called the Mutual Aid
Response Group (MARG). In the even of a hazard,
expertise is pooled in by the companies to ward off or
control the hazard.

 Extent and Remedies for Accidents

Causes for accidents are many and various.
Broadly speaking, these causes may be classified into
two groups
1. Human failure and
2. Machine failure
Human failure leads to an accident when the
employee ignores safety precautions and commits an
unsafe act. Majority of accidents occur because of
human failure. Machine failure refers to faulty
mechanical or physical conditions leading to
accidents.

They are:
1. Lack of adequate inspection adds to the problem
of industrial accidents. We have the factories act,
the boiler act, the Indian explosives act, the
 Indian electricity act, the pesticides act, the water
(Prevention and control of pollution) act, the air
(Prevention and control of pollution) act, and the
environment protection act. All these contain
elaborate provisions to ensure employee and
public safety, and also punishment for non-
compliance. Things usually go wrong in the
implementation of the laws.
Here comes the need for stringent inspection
which is not forthcoming. Partly, the problem
lies with the inadequate strength of inspectors.

CAUSES OF INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENTS

Unsafe Mechanical or
Unsafe Acts of Persons
Physical Conditions
1 Operating without 1 Inadequately
. clearance, failure to . guarded, guards of
 heed warning. improper height,
strength, mesh, etc.
2 Operating or working 2 Unguarded, absence
. at an unsafe speed. . of required guards.
3 Making safety devices 3 Defective, rough,
. inoperative. . sharp, slippery,
decayed, cracked,
etc.
4 Using unsafe 4 Unsafely designed
. equipment, or using . machines, tools, etc.
equipment unsafely.
5 Unsafe loading, 5 Unsafely arranged,
. placing, mixing, . poor housekeeping,
combining, etc. congestion, blocked
exits, etc.
6 Taking an unsafe 6 Inadequately lighted,
. position or posture. . sources of glare, etc.
7 Working on moving or 7 Inadequately
. dangerous equipment. . ventilated, impure oil
source, etc.
8 Distracting, teasing, 8 Unsafely clothed, no
. abusing, startling, etc. . goggles, glares or
masks, high heels,
etc.
9 Failure to use safe 9 Unsafe processes,
. attire or personal . mechanical,
protective devices. chemical, electrical,
nuclear, etc.
 Abrol of the delhi science forum observes that
Indian plants are not designed with enough back-
up safety systems. Others in the industry point to
corruption in the factories’ inspectorate, the
government arm that is supposed to check on
safety at the factory level. A manufacturer
confesses that he bribed a boiler inspector with
Rs 5000 after the inspector said that the boiler’s
tube outlet for steam should have been stamped
“boiler quality tested”. The newly set-up plant
could not go on stream because the boiler had
not been certified by the factories inspectorate.

In the name of the nature of industry, workers are

crushed to death. Child labour in diamond cutting
industry is common. Workers are often locked from
outside to prevent them from smuggling out
diamonds. The latter custom killed 127 workers as
they stampeded against bolted doors when the
January quake struck polishing units in Ahmedabad.
Because of their arduous calling, most workers,
including children, end up with failed eyesight early
in life.
As companies globalise. And projects especially,
large ones involving greater complexities increase,
new risks emerge. Technological advancement has
brought in threats of obsolescence, which itself is a
big risk.

 Accident Rates
Accidents are described in terms of frequency,
severity and incidence. Organisations generally
maintain frequency, severity and incidence records.
Mathematical formulae are used to calculate
accident rates. Thus ,for calculating the incidence
rate the formula is:

Number of recordable
injuries*1 million
 Incidence rate= Number of
employee exposure hours

Suppose an organisation had 10 recorded injuries

and 500 employees. To get the number of exposure
hours, it would multiply the number of employees by
40 hours and 50 work weeks, that is 500 *40*50=1
million. In this case, the incidence rate would be 10,
that is there were 10 recorded injuries for every 100
employees.
The severity rate reflects the hours actually lost
due to injury. It recognises that not all injuries are
equal. As was mentioned earlier, injuries may be
fatal or non-fatal, total or partial, and permanent or
temporary. Specific hours may be charged against an
organisation for each category of injuries. The
formula for calculating the severity rate is:

Total hours charged *1 million

 severity rate= Number of employee
hours worked

Obviously, an organisation with the same number of

injuries as another but with more deaths would have
a higher severity rate. The problem with severity rate
is allotting hours for each injury. Allotment, at the
most, can be arbitrary. Hence, severity rate is not
generally calculated.
The frequency rate is similar to the incidence rate
except that it reflects the number of injuries per
million hours worked rather than per year:9

Number of disabling
injuries*1 million
Frequency rate= Number of
employee hours worked
 The supervisor or the foreman is the key person
in industrial accident prevention. His/her application
of the art of supervision to the control of worker
performance is a factor which exerts the greatest
influence in successful accident prevention.
The humanitarian incentive for preventing
accidental injury is supplemented by a realisation of
two powerful economic factors, namely:
(i) A safe establishment is efficient productively,
and an unsafe establishment is inefficient.
(ii) The direct employer costs of industrial
injuries for compensation claims and for
medical treatment are but one-fourth of the total
which the employer must bear.

Safety should be driven internally, not externally.

Do not count on common sense for safety
improvement.
Safety incentive programs should focus on processes
rather than outcomes.
Behaviour is dictated by activators and motivated by
consequences.
When people feel empowered, their safe behaviour
spreads to other situation.

These axioms give us an idea of various safety

measures to be implemented by the management.
However, we discuss here certain important safety
measures. The measures are applicable to all
industrial establishments, irrespective of their size
and age.

 Training in safety
Systematic training of industrial employees is
necessary if they are to do their jobs efficiently and
safely. This is an inescapable requirement, regardless
of how carefully employees are selected or how much
aptitude and experience they may have for the jobs to
which they are assigned. Training practices in the
industry will be found to vary widely with respect to
method, content, quality, quantity, and source of
instruction. The differences are influenced, strongly
by the size of the company, the types of jobs
performed, and the awareness of the management
regarding the importance of training.
 Example: Electrical Safety Training:
It is not enough if workers are trained on the
methods of avoiding accidents. They must be trained
on the ways of minimising damage, should an
accident occur. For example, high-voltage line
repairs must be given thorough indoctrination in
correct work methods before they are permitted to
undertake more hazardous phases of their work.
Additionally, the employees must be given
instructions in first-aid procedures, including
specialised techniques for resuscitation, using
prescribed methods that can be applied while the
victim is still at the top of a high-voltage line pole. A
similar problem might occur in a chemical plant.
Employees may be working with compounds that, if
accidentally released or spilled in large volumes,
would cause sever injury upon contact with the skin
or body tissues.” In such situations, a common safety
device is the installation of emergency showers that
provide a deluge of water to thoroughly flush the
dangerous compound off the skin of a victim.
Training for such workers requires, therefore, not
only what to do and what not to do in performing the
job properly, but also thorough instructions on the use
of special devices and procedures, in the event an
emergency occurs.
Training may be given by the foreman or
supervisor responsible for the job. However,
nowadays, the management is finding it worthwhile
to use specialists in training to supplement the work
of the supervisor, as in the case of job analysis and
injury prevention. Training specialists do not
necessarily do the job for which the supervisor is
responsible. The function of the specialist is to set up
the procedure so that the training can be imparted by
qualified persons in the plant or; individual
departments. The specialist will prepare the
instructional manuals and other details for conducting
the training programme, and supervise the activity.
The National Organic Chemical Industries
(NOCIL) has unique training programmes on safety.
The company has a risk management team
comprising medical officers, nursing and pathological
staff and safety officers-all numbering 20. The
team’s agenda includes safety, health and
environment protection. NOCIL’s training
programmes consist of mandatory training
programmes like mock safety drills (every week) and
evacuation drills (at least once in a year). In addition,
the company has organised a modular approach to
step up safety measure.
There is the departmental module in which all
departments at the plant are in an integrated safety
programme. A regular duty system enables every
department to participate. This team is led by the
particular department head assisted by a fire marshall,
an operations expert, four engineers (mechanical,
electrical, inspection and instrumentation) and a
product transport specialist to take accountability of
in-transit cargo.

The second module extends itself beyond the

plant. NOCIL’s sales and marketing teams at
Mumbai, Kolkata, Delhi and Chennai have been
geared to take charge in the event of any perilous
occurrence. About 50 sales persons have been
trained to respond to any mishap.
At Burroughs Wellcome India seminars, training
programmes and workshops are a regular feature. In
fact, these programmes have yielded good results to
the company.

 Physical and Mechanical Conditions:

Safety measures should be kept in mind while
planning a layout and constructing a building.
Workers must be provided with safe tools and
equipment to work with. All machinery must be
fended, and mechanically and physically unsafe
conditions should be eliminated.
No new machine should be installed without being
sufficiently guarded and fenced. The practice of supply
of safety accessories by the manufacturers on request at
an extra cost must be discontinued. Machines must be
designed, manufactured, priced, and supplied with
necessary built-in safety measures. The safest way
would be to install machines – as in industrially
advanced countries – which would automatically stop
working as soon as the worker’s hand crosses the
danger zone.
Protective equipment of good quality and proper
size, goggles, gloves, ear muffs, safety belts and
shoes, helmets, and so forth, should, be supplied to
workers, who must be educated to wear them while
on duty.
Aisles and passages should be free to permit easy
movement of workers and materials. Proper storage
facilities should be provided for materials and work-
in-progress so as to prevent collision and stumbling,
and to facilitate escape in emergencies.
There is a need for periodic inspection to ensure
safety of workers and machines. Defective tools and
equipment must be discarded. Safe electrical wiring
adds to the safety of a plant.
In this context, it is useful to recollect the
provisions of the Factories Act, 1948 relating to
safety. Sections 21 to 41 of the Act deal with safety.
The safety provisions are absolute and obligatory and
the occupier of every factory is bound to follow them.
 HEALTH
The well-being of the employee in an industrial
establishment is affected by accidents and by ill
health-physical
as well as mental. In this section, we shall discuss
the need for healthy workers and health services to be
provided by the management to ensure the continuing
good health of their employees.
We propose to examine employee health from
the following angles-physical health, mental health,
noise control, stress management, AIDS, alcoholism,
and drug abuse, and violence in work place.

i. Physical Health
III health of employees results in reduced
productivity, higher unsafe acts, and increased
absenteeism. A healthy worker, on the other hand,
produces results opposite to these. In other words,
healthy employees are more productive, more safety
conscious, and are more regular to work. The worker
who is healthy is always cheerful, confident looking,
and is an invaluable asset to the organisation.
But the physical health of an employee can be
adversely affected by several causes as shown in the
below Table.

Health Hazards:
Health Hazards Causes
Lung cancer Coke oven emissions, asbestos,
active or passive cigarette
smoke
White lung disease Asbestos
Black lung disease Coal dust
Brown lung disease Cotton dust
Leukaemia Benzene, radiation
Cancer of other Asbestos, radiation, vinyl
organs chloride, coke oven emissions
Sterility/reproductive Radiation
problems
Deteriorating eye- Chemical fumes, office
sight equipment
Hearing impairment High noise levels
 A realisation of the advantages which flow from
a healthy workforce has impelled many managements
to provide health services to their employees, which
vary from the simple provision of first-aid equipment
to complete medical care. Many progressive
organisations maintain well-equipped dispensaries
with full-time or part-time doctors and full-time
compounders/nurses. Unlike his/her counterpart of
yesteryears, who would take every precaution to
protect his horses against diseases but felt that the
health of the human worker was his own business, the
manager of today is fully aware of the advantages of
having a healthy workforce.
The protection of the health of the workers is a
legal requirement too. Sections 11 to 20 of the
Factories Act, 1948 deal with the health of workers.

 Health Services: A typical organisation renders the

following health services to its employees. It may
be stated that these services, at best, offer first-aid
treatment to the victims. For any major ailment,
employees are advised to go to ESI or authorised
clinics/nursing homes.
1. Pre-hiring medical check-up for all employees.
2. Periodical physical, check-up of all employees.
Regular medical check-up of executive to detect
early signs of tension, ulcers, diabetes and the
like.
3. First-aid treatment following an accident training
in first-aid to all employees.
4. Treatment of minor complaints, such as cold,
cough, fever and headaches.
5. Rehabilitation and job placement of seriously
injured workers who have been cured but suffer
from some disability.
6. Control of occupational health hazards.
7. Provision of healthy sanitary facilities, such as
supply of portable water, disposal of waste and
effluents; provision of healthy food; elimination
 of insects and rodents; provision of personal
services; good housekeeping and the like.
8. Special examination of eyes, teeth and ears,
when needed.

9. Co-operation with family physicians, local

hospitals, clinics, as well as with specialists.
10. Special care of employees working in
painting, welding and foundry sections where the
risk of their health is greater.
11. Maternity and child welfare, including
family planning.
12. Adequate ventilation, good lighting, tree planting
and good residential quarters.

II. Mental Health

In recent years, mental health of employees,
particularly that of executives, has engaged the
attention of employers. Three reasons may be given
for this development. First, mental breakdowns are
common in modern days because of pressures and
tensions. Second, mental disturbances of various
types result in reduced productivity and lower profits
for the organisation. Third, mental illness takes its
toll through alcoholism, high employee turnover, and
poor human relationships.

A mental health service is generally rendered in the

following ways:
1. Psychiatric counselling,
2. Co-operation and consultation with outside
psychiatrists and specialists.
3. Education of company personnel in the nature and
the importance of mental health.
4. Development and maintenance of an effective
human relations programme.
 CHAPTER - 4

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Introduction:
Research methodology is way to systematically
solve the research problem in this study. The research
adopted various steps for collecting the data.

Sampling Plan:
The sampling plan is having three parts (or)
division are as follows.
Sampling method
Sampling unit
Sample size

1. Sample method:-
Simple random sampling was the sampling
techniques used for collecting the data.
2. Sample unit :-
The sample unit selected for the study was the
employees. The employees of tanfac(pvt) ltd., in
cuddalore is being selected for this sample unit study.

3. Sample size:-
25 employees were selected for the survey in the
various department of employees.

Method of data collection

Data’s are collected through survey method by
using a structured questionnaire.
Source of data Collection:-
The research has used both the primary data &
Secondary data.

Primary data :-
 Data are being collected from the employees
directly from the work field for the first time by the
researcher is called primary data.

Secondary data :-
The secondary data is collected from various
books, magazines and company records. It is also
used in this project.

Tools used:-
The main tool used for data analysis is percentage
analysis.

1. Percentage analysis:-
The percentage method was extensively used for
finding various details as mentioned in the chapter
analysis and interpretation. It can be calculated as
follows.

No of respondents favourable
X100
Total No. of respondents
 CHAPTER – 5

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

 Primary Objectives

1. To know the satisfactory level of employees

and employer health & Safety.

2. To study the employees awareness about the

health and safety provisions.

 Secondary Objectives

1. To study the effectiveness of the health and

safety measures provides by the company

2. To study the employees expectation towards

various health and safety measures.

3. To find the satisfactory level of employees

with regard to welfare provisions that binds

the health and safety.

4. To know the medical availability in the

company.

5. To know the ambulance and other

emergency facilities available in the

company.
 CHAPTER – 6

LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

i. Hesitation on the part of the employee and

employer to come out with their opinion

regarding the present position.

ii. Some of the employees and employer

contacted were reluctant to another some

questions

iii. Tea employees and management staff are not

willing to answer properly.

iv. Sampling is done randomly.

v. The data has been collected using

questionnaire which has the known problem of

respondent not sizing factual information an

many occasions.
 CHAPTER - 7

DATA ANALYSIS AND

INTERPRETATION

Table - 1

AGE WISE CLASSIFICATION

AGE NO. OF
S.NO PERCENTAG
GROU RESPONDEN
. E
P TS
Betwee
1 n 31-40 15 60
years
Betwee
2 n 41-50 5 20
years
Above
3 50 3 12
years
4 Betwee 2 8
n 20-30
 years
TOTA
25 100
L

INTERPRETATION:

From the above table it is observed that 60%

of the respondents belong to 31-40 age group and

20% of the respondents belong to 40-50 age group

and 12% of the respondents belong to bath above

50 years.
 FIGURE – 1

AGE WISE CLASSIFICATION

AGE
 Table - 2

GENDER WISE CLASSIFICATION

NO. OF
S.N GENDE PERCENTA
RESPONDEN
O. R GE
TS
1 Male 25 100
2 Female - -
TOTAL 25 100

INTERPRETATION:
 From the above table it is inferred that the

100% of

respondents are male.

 FIGURE – 2

GENDER WISE CLASSIFICATION

GEN

100%
90%
80%
 Table - 3

MARITAL STATUS CLASSIFICATION

MARIT NO. OF
S.N PERCENTA
AL RESPONDEN
O. GE
STATUS TS
1 Married 23 92
Un-
2 2 8
married
TOTAL 25 100

INTERPRETATION:
 From the above table it is inferred that the

92% of respondents says in married and 8% of

respondents says in un-married.

 FIGURE – 3

MARITAL STATUS

CLASSIFICATION

MARITA

100%
90%
80%
 Table – 4

EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATION

EDUCATIO
NO. OF
S.N NAL PERCENT
RESPONDE
O. QUALIFICA AGE
NTS
TION
Diploma /
1 14 56
Graduate
2 Below S.S.L.C 4 16
3 P.G 4 16
4 HSC 3 12
TOTAL 25 100

INTERPRETATION:
 From the above table it is inferred that 56% of

respondents were having diploma / graduation,

16% of respondents were below S.S.L.C and P.G

respectively remaining 12% of respondents were

H.S.C.
 FIGURE – 4

EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATION

EDU

60% 56%

50%

40%
ENTAGE

30%
 Table – 5

YEARS OF EXPERIENCE

YEARS OF NO. OF
S.N PERCENTA
EXPERIEN RESPONDE
O. GE
CE NTS
Above 15
1 11 44
years
2 11-15 years 8 32
3 5-10 years 3 12
Below 5
4 3 12
years
TOTAL 25 100

INTERPRETATION:
 From the above table shows that 44% of

respondents are having above 15 years experience

and 32% of respondents are having 11-15 years

experience and 12% of respondents are having

between 5-10 years experience and 12% of

respondents having above below 5 years

experience.
 FIGURE – 5

YEARS OF EXPERIENCE

12%
RIENCE

12%
 Table - 6

SAFETY BUDGET & SAFETY DEPARTMENT

SAFETY
BUDGET &
SAFETY NO. OF
S.NO. PERCE
DEPARTMENT RESPONDENTS
BEING
ARRANGED
1 Yes 22 8
2 No 3 1
TOTAL 25 1

INTERPRETATION:
 From the above table it is inferred that 88% of

respondents were having safety budget & safety

department and 12% of respondents exposed are

not have safety budget & safety department and in

our company.
 FIGURE – 6

SAFETY BUDGET & SAFETY

DEPARTMENT

SAFETY
 Table - 7

HEALTH & SAFETY POLICY

HEALTH
&
SAFETY NO. OF
S.N PERCENTA
POLICY RESPONDE
O. GE
IS NTS
AVAILAB
LE
1 Yes 25 100
2 No - -
TOTAL 25 100

INTERPRETATION:
 From the above table it is inferred that 100%

respondents says that have health & safety policy

in our company.
 FIGURE – 7

HEALTH & SAFETY POLICY

HEA

100%
 Table - 8

WORK PERMIT SYSTEM

WORK
PERMIT
NO. OF
S.N SYSTEM PERCENTA
RESPONDE
O. IS GE
NTS
PROVID
ED
1 Yes 25 100
2 No - -
TOTAL 25 100

INTERPRETATION:
 From the above table is shows they are 100%

respondents were exposed work permit system in

our company.
 FIGURE – 8

WORK PERMIT SYSTEM

W
 Table - 9

FACTORY SAFETY COMMITTEE

FACTORY
SAFETY
COMMITT NO. OF
S.N PERCENTA
EE RESPONDE
O. GE
IS NTS
AVAILAB
LE
1 Yes 25 100
2 No - -
TOTAL 25 100

INTERPRETATION:
 From the table it shows that all the respondent

says the safety committee more arranged in our

company properly.
 FIGURE – 9

FACTORY SAFETY COMMITTEE

FACT

100%
 Table - 10

SAFETY COMMITTEE MEETING

SAFETY
COMMITTE
NO. OF
S.NO. E MEETING PERCEN
RESPONDENTS
IS
CONDUCTED
1 Weekly once - -
2 Two week once - -
3 Monthly once 25 100
4 Yearly once - -
TOTAL 25 100

INTERPRETATION:
 Above the table shows that 100% employees

are respected that the safety committee meeting is

being conducted in any month of EID parry.

 FIGURE – 10

SAFETY COMMITTEE MEETING

SAFE

100%
90%
80%
70%
E
 Table - 11

ON-SITE EMERGENCY PLAN

ON-SITE
EMERGEN
CY PLAN
NO. OF
S.N ARE PERCENTA
RESPONDE
O. PREPARE GE
NTS
IN OUR
COMPAN
Y
1 Yes 24 96
2 No 1 4
TOTAL 25 100

INTERPRETATION:
 If is found that 96% of respondents expressed

that the on site emergency plan is durable. A

remaining 4% respondents are expressed that on

site emergency plan is not available.

 FIGURE – 11

ON-SITE EMERGENCY PLAN

ON-SIT
 Table - 12

FIRE – EXTINGUISHERS & FIRE HYDRANT

SYSTEM PROVIDED

FIRE –
EXTINGUIS
NO. OF
S.N HERS & PERCENT
RESPOND
O. HYDRANT AGE
ENTS
SYSTEM
PROVIDED
1 Yes 25 100
2 No - -
TOTAL 25 100
INTERPRETATION:

From the table it is observed that 100% of

respondents are having adequate fire extinguishers

in our company.
 FIGURE – 12

FIRE-EXTINGUISHERS &
FIRE HYDRANT SYSTEM PROVIDED

FIRE – EXTINGUISHER
 Table - 13

SAFETY TRAINING PROGRAMME

SAFETY
TRAINING
NO. OF
S.N PROGRAM PERCENT
RESPONDE
O. ME AGE
NTS
CONDUCT
ED
1 Yes 20 80
2 No 5 20
TOTAL 25 100

INTERPRETATION:
 From the above table it is inferred that 80% of

respondents were facilitated with safety training

program at work place and 20% respondents were

not provided with safety training program.

 FIGURE – 13

SAFETY TRAINING PROGRAMME

SAFE
100%

90%

80%

70%
GE
 Table – 14

PRESSURE VESSELS CRANES & CHAIN

BLOCKS

PRESSURE
VESSELS
CRANES &
NO. OF
S.NO. CHAIN PERCENTA
RESPONDENTS
BLOCKS
IS BEING
DONE
1 Yes 25 100
2 No - -
TOTAL 25 100

INTERPRETATION:
 From the above table it is inferred that the

100% of respondents are says pressure vessels

cranes & chain blocks are at all times inspected

periodically well done.

 FIGURE – 14

PRESSURE VESSELS CRANES &

CHAIN BLOCKS

PRESSURE V
 Table - 15

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT

PERSONA
L
PROTECT
NO. OF
S.N IVE PERCENTA
RESPONDE
O. EQUIPME GE
NTS
NT IS
BEING
USED
1 Yes 25 100
2 No - -
TOTAL 25 100

INTERPRETATION:
 From the above the table obtained about result

that 100% of respondents are says that are using

protective equipment to all employees.

 FIGURE – 15

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE

EQUIPMENT

PERSON

100%
 Table - 16

SAFETY SHOE & SAFETY HELMET

SAFETY
SHOE &
SAFETY NO. OF
S.N PERCENTA
HELMET RESPONDE
O. GE
IS BEING NTS
PROVID
ED
1 Yes 25 100
2 No - -
TOTAL 25 100

INTERPRETATION:
 From the above table it is inferred that the

100% of respondents says that safety shoe &

safety helmet is being provided.

 FIGURE – 16

SAFETY SHOE & SAFETY HELMET

SAFET

100%
90%
80%
E

70%
 Table - 17

NEAR MISS REPORTING SYSTEM

NEAR MISS
REPORTING NO. OF
S.NO. PERCENT
SYSTEM IS RESPONDENTS
AVAILABLE
1 Yes 20 80
2 No 5 20
TOTAL 25 100

INTERPRETATION:
 From the above table it is inferred that the

80% of respondents says that has near miss

reporting system in our company.

 FIGURE – 17

NEAR MISS REPORTING SYSTEM

NEAR
SYSTEM

2
 Table - 18

RECOMMENDATION GIVEN BY THE

SAFETY COMMITTEE IS IMPLEMENTED

RECOMMENDA
TION GIVEN BY NO. OF
S.N PERCENT
THE SAFETY RESPOND
O. AGE
COMMITTEE IS ENTS
IMPLEMENTED
1 Always 15 60
2 Some times 4 16
2 Never 6 24
TOTAL 25 100

INTERPRETATION:
 From the above table it is inferred that 60% of

respondent are always and 24% of respondents are

never and 16% of respondents are sometimes.

 FIGURE – 18

RECOMMENDATION GIVEN BY THE

SAFETY
COMMITTEE IS IMPLEMENTED

RECO M M EN
CO M M
 Table - 19

NATURAL VENTILATION

NATURAL
VENTILAT NO. OF
S.N PERCENT
ION IN RESPONDE
O. AGE
WORK NTS
SPOT
1 Yes 18 75
2 No 7 25
TOTAL 25 100

INTERPRETATION:
 Above the table shows that the 72% of

respondents says that are having adequate

ventilation facility and 25% of respondents are

says have not ventilation facility in the work spot.

 FIGURE – 19

NATURAL VENTILATION

10

8
 Table - 20

WASTE DISPOSAL SYSTEM

WASTE
DISPOSA
L NO. OF
S.N PERCENTA
SYSTEM RESPONDE
O. GE
IS NTS
AVAILAB
LE
1 Yes 22 88
2 No 3 12
TOTAL 25 100

INTERPRETATION:
 From the above table it is inferred that the

88% of respondents says that are satisfied in the

waste disposal system and 12% respondents says

are not do the waste disposal system.

 FIGURE – 20

WASTE DISPOSAL SYSTEM

12% W
 Table - 21

AMBULANCE VAN IS AVAILABLE

AMBULAN
CE VAN IS
NO. OF
S.N AVAILAB PERCENTA
RESPONDE
O. LE IN GE
NTS
EACH
SHIFT
1 Yes 23 92
2 No 2 8
TOTAL 25 100

INTERPRETATION:
 From the above table it is classified that 92%

of respondents also says that are opinion were

having ambulance van facility and 8% of

respondents says that are not have ambulance

facility.
 FIGURE – 21

AMBULANCE VAN IS AVAILABLE

AMB

100%

90%

80%

70%
 Table – 22

MEDICAL ATTENDENTS / DOCTOR

AVAILABLE

MEDICAL
ATTENDE
NTS /
NO. OF
S.N DOCTOR PERCENT
RESPONDE
O. AVAILABL AGE
NTS
E IN YOUR
FACTORY
?
1 Yes 25 100
2 No - -
TOTAL 25 100

INTERPRETATION:
 From the above table it is inferred that the

100% of employees says that are have in sufficient

medical attendants / doctor available in our

factory.
 FIGURE – 22

MEDICAL ATTENDENTS / DOCTOR

AVAILABLE
 Table - 23

OPINION / SUGGESTION REGARDING

HEALTH AND SAFETY MEASURE OF
COMPANY

OPINION /
SUGGESTION
NO. OF
S.N FOR HEALTH PERCEN
RESPOND
O. AND SAFETY TAGE
ENTS
MEASURE OF
COMPANY
1 Yes 23 92
2 No 2 8
TOTAL 25 100

INTERPRETATION:
 Most of the respondents says health & safety

facility is enough but some of the respondents says

are not have the sufficient health & safety measure

in the company.
 FIGURE – 23

OPINION / SUGGESTION REGARDING

HEALTH
AND SAFETY MEASURES OF COMPANY

O P IN IO N /
AND SA
 CHAPTER - 8

FINDINGS

 60% of respondents were belong of the age

group 31-40 years.
 Fully 100% respondents were male.
 Mostly 92% of respondents were married.
 About 56% diploma / graduate.
 Majority 44% of respondents were having above
15 years experient.
 Almost 88% of the respondents to give the
opinion for yes about safety budget & safety
department.
 Almost 88% of respondents says that safety
budget & safety department is having in our
company.
 Fully 100% of respondents were satisfied with
health & safety policy.
 Mostly respondent were satisfied give with work
permit system in our company.
 Mostly respondent were satisfied with work
permit system in the organisation.
 Mostly 100% of respondents are fully satisfied
for factory safety committee.
 All respondents says that the company arranged
in factory safety committee.
 The 100% of respondents were satisfied with the
monthly once safety committee meeting
conducted by the company.
 It is that new employees not inducted about o &
EP.
 The 96% of respondents were satisfied with the
fire fighting facilities for fire extinguishers &
fire hydrant system are available in the factory.
 The 80% of respondents to have attend safety
training programme in last one year.
 Fully 100% of respondents says that periodic
inspection for company like pressure vessels
cranes & chain blocks.
 Fully 100% of respondents are using personal
Protective equipment during the working hours.
 Fully 100% of respondent says that company
provide with adequate personal protective
equipment like safety shoe & safety helmet.
 The 80% of respondents says that plan is having
near miss reporting system in working area.
 The 60% of respondents says were
recommendation given by the safety committee
is implemented in a company.
 About the 72% of respondents were satisfied
with natural ventilation in a work spot.
 About 88% of respondents were satisfied with
waste disposal system.
 Mostly 92% of respondents are says that
ambulance van id available in each shift.
 Fully 100% of respondents were satisfied with
medical attendants 1 doctor available in a
factory.
 The study under stand the over all health and
safety measure of company about 92% of
respondents opinion suggestion were says really
good.
 CHAPTER - 9

SUGGESTION AND

RECOMMENDATION

 Safety training programme to be participated

by all employees.
[Note :- With out Absent]
 Personal protective equipment to be
fallowed strictly by all workers at working
place.
 To give the recommendation in proper way
about safety oriented.
 Fresh air facilities to be improved in the
company.
[Note :- Concentrate on ventilation facilities]
 Wastage disposal system to be improved.
 Health and safety measures to be improved
for effectively.
 CHAPTER – 10

CONCLUSION

The study on Employee health and safety

measures of tanfac (pvt) Ltd., cuddalore, reveals that
there is a satisfactory level regarding health and
safety measure.

Through this study. I got some findings and also

I have to give some suggestion based on the findings.
I hope that my suggestion will help to improve the
health & safety measures in future.
 APPENDIX
A STUDY ON HEALTH AND SAFETY
MEASURES OF
TANFAC (PVT) LTD.,
CUDDALORE

1. Name :

2. Age :

Between 20-30 years Between 31-40

years

Between 41-50 years Above 50 years

3. Gender

Male Female

4. Marital Status

Married Unmarried

5. Educational Qualification
 Below S.S.L.C. HSC

Diploma / Graduate P.G.

6. Years of Experience

Below 5 years 5-10 years

11-15 years Above 15 years

7. Does your department is having safety budget

and safety department?

Yes No

8. Does the organization have a health & safety

policy?

Yes No

9. Does your plant is having work permit

system?

Yes No

10. Does the factory has safety committee?

 Yes No

11. How frequently the safety committee is

meeting?

Weekly once Two weeks once

Monthly once Yearly once

12. Does your plant is having On-site

Emergency Plan?

Yes No

13. The Fire Fighting facilities like Fire-

Extinguishers & Fire Hydrant system are

available?

Yes No

14. Do you have attended any safety training

programme in last one year?

Yes No
15. Does your plant is doing periodic inspection

for pressure vessels cranes & chain blocks?

Yes No

16. Are you using all Personal Protective

Equipment during the working hours?

Yes No

17. Do you have provided with adequate

Personal Protective Equipment like Safety Shoe

& Safety Helmet?

Yes No

18. Are your Plant is having Near miss reporting

system?

Yes No

19. Do you think the recommendation given by

the safety committee is implemented?

 Always Sometimes Never

20. Whether natural ventilation in your work spot

is adequate?

Yes No

21. Are you satisfied with waste disposal

system?

Yes No

22. Is Ambulance van is available in each shift?

Yes No

23. Are the Medical attendants / Doctor available

in your factory?

Yes No

24. Mention you opinion / suggestion regarding

health and safety measure of company?

Yes No
 BIBLIOPGRAPHY

1. “Human Resource Management” C.B.

Gupta [1996]
Sultanchand & Sons Publications.
NewDelhi – 110002

2. “Marketing Research, New Delhi.” D.D.

Sharma [1999]
Sultanchad & Sons Publications
New Delhi – 110002

3. “Human Resource and Personnel

Management”
Tata Mcgraw – Hll Publishing.
New Delhi – 110002

4. “Published by the health and safety

executive”