Leading The Mobile

Transformation

SAMAD NOUNI
CONSULTING SYSTEMS ENGINEER
snouni@cisco.com

Presentation_ID © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 1
 Agenda

3GPP Release Overview

Architectural requirements from 2G/3G and LTE

Mobile Backhauling Options and Functions
• Role of MPLS and Pseudowire
• Traditional 2G/3G backhauling
• Native IP Support on Node B/RNCs
• Synchronisation capabilities

LTE/SAE Architectural Considerations

Evolution towards a
Converged IP NGN Architecture

Presentation_ID © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 2
 3GPP Release
Overview

Presentation_ID © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 3
 In the beginning was GSM….

There was wireless ISDN (aka GSM) Home Location Service Control
Register (HLR) Point (SCP)

Base Station Mobile Switching Center +

Mobile Controller Visitor Location Register
Station (BSC) (MSC/VLR)
Base Transceiver
System (BTS)

MAP
ISUP

INAP
TUP
Connection Connection
Management Management

Voice oriented architecture

BSSMAP
Mobility Mobility

Re-define fixed wireline services

Management Management

Radio RR’ DTAP

Resource
Management
SMS
RR’is aBTSM
signalling transport
BTSM
BSSAP rather than a data service
BSSAP
TCAP

LAP-Dm
Network transport

LAP-Dm LAP-D based
LAP-D on TDM
SCCP
MTP/b
SCCP
MTP
SCCP
MTP/MTPb
GSM GSM 16/64 16/64 64/2048 64/2048 64 kbps
Radio Radio kbps kbps kbps kbps
BRKSPM-2006 © 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 4
 Packet data with General Packet Radio
System was bolted on…..
Visited PLMN Home PLMN

BSC MSC Gateway MSC

IP
Packet Control Gateway GPRS
Serving GPRS Support Node
Unit (PCU)
BTS Support Node (GGSN)
(SGSN)
IP IP
Relay
SNDCP SNDCP GTP GTP
LLC Relay LLC UDP UDP
RLC RLC BSSGP BSSGP IP IP
Network
MAC Relay MAC Services
Network
Services L2 L2
GSM GSM
64 kbps 64 kbps L1bis L1bis L1 L1
Radio Radio 5
BRKSPM-2006 © 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
 3G Packet Services

So hopefully WCDMA got it right on packet services…

Iu-ps Gn

Radio Network 3G SGSN GGSN

Controller
Change to IP/UDP support
for Ethernet enabled NodeBs IP
IP

PDCP PDCP GTP-U GTP-U GTP-U GTP-U

RLC RLC UDP UDP UDP UDP

MAC Frame
MAC IP IP IP IP
Protocol
AAL2 AAL2 AAL5 AAL5 L2 L2
WCDMA WCDMA ATM ATM ATM ATM L1 L1
Radio Radio
BRKSPM-2006 © 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 6
 3GPP R4 Voice Services
HLR

MSC-s MSC-s

Iu-cs
IP

MGW MGW

INAP
MAP
H.248
BICC or SIP-I

Still Voice over Circuit Switched bearer on the radio access, data
bearer not suitable (latency, overhead)
Nb UP

Option to transport
RTP Voice over IP in the Core (see TS 23.205)
TCAP
SCCP

Introduction
Iu-UP of SS7oIP
UDP transport
M3UA
AAL2 IP
SCTP
ATM L1/2 IP
L1/2
BRKSPM-2006 © 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 7
 High Speed Packet Access
… About Mobile Broadband Access

Although touted to support 2 Mbit/s services, R99

typically supported a maximum throughput of 384 kbit/s

Subsequent releases (3GPP R5 and onwards) focusing
on increasing bandwidth and network efficiency for the
mobile data access
R5: HSDPA (improved DL)
R6: HSUPA (improved UL)
R7: Direct Tunnel Approach

Session establishment and Latency improvements

HSPA is required to support symmetrical real-time data
applications (e.g. multimedia over IP)

BRKSPM-2006 © 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 8
 LTE/SAE 3GPP Release 8

A new radio (Long Term Evolution) and core

network (System Architecture Evolution) all-IP
network

Long Term Evolution is a evolution in the air
interface from WCDMA to OFDMA

System Architecture Evolution is the new core
network supporting the new LTE radio, plus
legacy, plus non-3GPP networks

BRKSPM-2006 © 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 9
 LTE/SAE System Components
E-UTRAN Control Plane with 2G/3G
Simplified and flattened RAN interworking
S1-c Basewith
Station toedge
IP to the MME interface
• Handles all signaling traffic (no user plane
Multi-homed to multiple MME pools
•Radio resource management, incl. handovers traffic)
SCTP/IP based
• Interacts with MME for all signaling plane
MME GW
• Interacts with eNodeB and Serving GW to
processing control tunnels, paging, etc.
• Exchanges user plane traffic with Serving GW • Interacts with HSS for user authentication,
profile download, etc.
eNodeB
S11• Interacts
MME to SAE
with SGSNGWfor 2G/3G
GTP-c Version 2

SGW PDN GW
SGW

Data Plane anchoring for 3GPP Access Subscriber-aware Data Plane anchoring
X2 inter base station
Networks interface
with 2G/3G interworking S5 SAE for
GW all to PDNNetworks
Access GW
SCTP/IP Signalling
• Anchor point for 3GPP IP Access Networks
GTP or PMIP based macro mobility
• Common anchor point for all IP Access
GTP tunneling
• Processesfollowing
only (2G/3G/LTE)
handover
all IP packets to/from UE MME GW Networks (3GPP and non-3GPP)
• Controlled by MME • Assigns/owns IP-address for UE (v4/v6)
• Uses network-based mobilityS1-u Base
towards PDN Station to SAE GWall IP packets to/from UE
• Processes
GW (GTP or PMIPv6) • Can be in home and/or visited network
GTP-u base micro mobility
BRKSPM-2006 © 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 10
 Architectural
requirements from
2G/3G to LTE

Presentation_ID © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 11
 In Europe Mobile Broadband is a reality

No.1 objective is to increase LTE:

100 Mbit/s DL
bandwidth while reducing cost 50 Mbit/s UL

An Operator in Nordics where traffic is

HSUPA: 5.8 Mbit/s UL
Doubling every 3 months
HSDPA: 14.4 Mbit/s DL
Ethernet Microwave & IP NodeBs is
a key initiate in 2008-2009
WCDMA R99: 384 kbit/s

EDGE: 384 kbit/s

A European SP calculate average
GPRS: 160 kbit/s LTE backhaul will be 40 Mbps

2002 2003
SPs2004 2005 2006
are transforming into 2007 2008
vertically
integrated multimedia SPs1
3xE1 5xE1 8xE1 ???xE1
1Infonetics – November 2009
BRKSPM-2006 © 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 12
 2G & 3G Traditional Network

Air interface RAN Edge RAN Core IP/MPLS and TDM core
BSC

T1/E1 MGW MSC G-MSC

BTS PSTN
ADM nxE1

STM1

Node B SONET
/OC3
RNC
SDH
ATM
BSC IP/MPLS
T1/E1 GGSN
BTS ADM nxE1 SGSN
Internet
STM1

Node B
/OC3
RNC

Cell site Aggregation site Core site

BRKSPM-2006 © 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 13
 3G R4 IP/ATM Converged IP backbone

Air interface RAN Edge RAN Core IP/MPLS and TDM core
BSC MSS

T1/E1 MGW MGW

BTS PSTN
ADM nxE1

STM1
G-MSC
RNC
/OC3
Node B SONET
SDHwire
Pseudo IP/MPLS
BSC (ATMoMPLS, TDMoMPLS, FRoMPLS)

T1/E1

BTS ADM GGSN

nxE1 SGSN
Internet
STM1

Node B
/OC3
RNC

ATMoMPLS – 3G voice and data

TDMoMPLS – 2G voice
FRoMPLS – 2G data
Cell site Aggregation site Core site
BRKSPM-2006 © 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 14
 Emulation/IP Technologies to Cell Site

Air interface RAN Edge RAN Core IP/MPLS and TDM core
BSC
MWR 2941 Cisco 7600
T1/E1 MGW MGW
RNC PSTN
BTS

G-MSC
Node B
IP/MPLS
ATMoMPLS, TDMoMPLS, FRoMPLS, HSxPA offload

T1/E1
BSC
BTS
SGSN GGSN Internet

Node B RNC
ATMoMPLS – 3G voice and data
TDMoMPLS – 2G voice
FRoMPLS – 2G data

Cell site Aggregation site Core site

BRKSPM-2006 © 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 15
 LTE/Mobile and Wireline Infrastructure

Air interface RAN Edge RAN Core IP/MPLS and TDM core

ASR 9K
BSC MSS
MWR 2941 Cisco 7600
T1/E1 MGW MGW
RNC SGSN/ PSTN
BTS
GGSN

Node B IP/MPLS G-MSC

ATMoMPLS, TDMoMPLS, FRoMPLS

IP, MPLS, Multicast, EoMPLS, ATMoMPLS, TDMoMPLS, FRoMPLS

Converged
Access/Aggregation

MME
PDN Internet
GW
IP Node B
SGW
ATMoMPLS – 3G voice and data
E Node B TDMoMPLS – 2G voice
ETTx Cable DSL FRoMPLS – 2G data

Cell site Aggregation site Core site

BRKSPM-2006 © 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 16
 Collapsed Transport Layers
L3 Services

ATM
Yesterday\Today
SONET/SDH

Evolution
Not revolution Physical Layer Physical Layer Physical Layer

cWDM cWDM
dWDM dWDM
Fibre Fibre

L1/L2/L3 Services via IP/MPLS

Tomorrow
High Bandwidth
Optical Services
Optical Layer
BRKSPM-2006 © 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 17
Mobile Backhauling
Options and Functions

Presentation_ID © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 18
Role of MPLS
PseudoWire PWE3

Presentation_ID © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 19
 What is a Pseudowire (PWE3)?

“It is a Point-to-Point logical ‘wire’ that enables the

ability to pass legacy traffic (TDM and ATM) over an
existing packet core.”

- Luca Martini (PWE3 Concept Inventor) -

Luca Martini
Cisco Dist Eng SP Systems and Arch

Presentation_ID © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 20
 Role of MPLS and Pseudowire

Bringing SONET/SDH SLAs to Carrier Ethernet
Resiliency Advantages: Cisco End-to-End
Fast Convergence (< 50ms recovery)
High Availability
Redundancy
QoS
50 ms Recovery
Cisco MWR
Cisco Cisco
2G/3G Node Ethernet 7600 7600 CRS-1
Aggregation
Access
MPLS FRR / REP Core
Pseudowire
MPLS FRR / REP Aggregation Distribution
ME3400 Node Node
3750 Metro ME3400

Presentation_ID © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 21
 Role of MPLS Pseudowire

Ethernet pseudowire
Ethernet link to L3 VPN, Ethernet LAN ( VPLS ), Ethernet Line
(EoMPLS )
• ATM pseudowire
Used for 3G only
Inefficient for a single cell but only sends traffic when required
Use of cell packing can reduce overhead with minimal impact on
latency

TDM pseudowire
Used for 2G and 3G
Just as a real TDM circuit, bandwidth is wasted when the circuit is not
being fully utilized.

Presentation_ID © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 22
 Legacy network support
Attachment Circuit Targeted LDP Session
Attachment Circuit
Pseudo-Wire
CEM Circuit CEM Circuit

MPLS

MPLS MPLS Control T1 Data

Channelized T1/E1 to NxDS0 Channelized T1/E1 to NxDS0

Channelized T3 to T1, NxDS0 CESoPSN Channelized T3 to T1, NxDS0
Channelized OC-3 to T1/E1, NxDS0 Channelized OC-3 to T1/E1, NxDS0

ClearChannel T1/E1/T3 SAToP ClearChannel T1/E1/T3

ClearChannel T1/E1 ATM ClearChannel T1/E1 ATM

ClearChannel T3 ATM ATM PWE3 ClearChannel T3 ATM
Channelized OC-3 to T1/E1 ATM Channelized OC-3 to T1/E1 ATM
T1/E1 ATM IMA T1/E1 ATM IMA

SAToP : Structured Agnostic TDM over Packet : draft-ietf-pwe3-satop-05.txt , RFC-4553

CESoP : Circuit Emulation Service over Packet : draft-ietf-pwe3-cesopsn-06.txt
IMA : Inverse Multiplex over ATM
BRKSPM-2006 © 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 23
Traditional 2G/3G
Backhauling

Presentation_ID © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 24
 Legacy ATM and TDM Transport
Converged Packet Network with L2 in access/Pre-Agg.

Cell Access Pre-Aggregation Aggregation BSC RNC

Site Layer Layer Layer

Aggregation Distribution
node node
Cell site
GE Ring 10 GE Ring
Router

TDM (CESoPTN,SAToP) & ATM (VC,VP) PWE3 S-PE TDM & ATM PWE3

L2 Rings pt-to-pt L2 Rings/pt-to-pt IP/MPLS

IP/MPLS IP/MPLS IP/MPLS

L2 L2 L2 L2
L1 L1 L1 L1

Ethernet
L2 with rings and pt-to-pt using 40 x GE

100, 1000 FX/TX

REP/MSTP/dot1q
4x10GE 4x10GE STM1 STM1
TDM, E1
E1
ATM, E1, IMA
SDH, PDH, microwave transport

BRKSPM-2006 © 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 25
 Legacy ATM and TDM Transport
Converged Packet Network with L3 in access/Pre-Agg.

Cell Access Pre-Aggregation Aggregation BSC RNC

Site Layer Layer Layer

Aggregation Distribution
node node
Cell site
Router
GE Ring 10 GE Ring

TDM (CESoPTN,SAToP) & ATM (VC,VP) PWE3 S-PE TDM & ATM PWE3

IP/MPLS IP/MPLS IP/MPLS

IP/MPLS IP/MPLS IP/MPLS IP/MPLS

L2 L2 L2 L2
L1 L1 L1 L1

Ethernet
MPLS/IP RAN Access Network 40 x GE

100, 1000 FX/TX 4x10GE STM1 STM1

4x10GE
TDM, E1
E1
ATM, E1, IMA
SDH, PDH, microwave transport

BRKSPM-2006 © 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 26
 MToP (Mobile Transport Over Packet)

PSTN
BSC RNC

RNC
IP/MPLS
Core
Cisco 7606 MSC
MWR-1941
Pseudowire over MPLS
Cisco 7609
BSC

Cisco 7600
7606 Cisco 7604

Internet/
Intranet
BSC RNC

2G
MWR-2941 3G
4G
PWE3

BRKSPM-2006 © 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 27
 CEoP (Circuit Emulation Over Packet)

Standards based Offering
Compliant to G.823/G.824 traffic interface (T1/E1 and
T3/E3)
Meets Mobile Wireless 3GPP requirements (clock
accuracy better than 15ppb)
IETF draft-ietf-pwe3-cesopsn-xx.txt: Structure-aware
TDM Circuit Emulation Service over Packet Switched
Network (CESoPSN)
RFC 4553: Structure-Agnostic TDM over Packet
(SAToP) 4 SPAs per SIP-400
ITU: Y.1413 TDM-MPLS Network Interworking

Key Features
BITS Clocking Support
Unstructured -- Emulate full DS1, E1, DS3 or E3
services
Structured -- Emulate Nx64kbit/s services
Configurable jitter buffer 1-500ms (+/- 250 ms )

Support for ATM (Including IMA)
CISCO 7600 SIP-400
24-port Channelized T1/E1
1 Port Channelized OC3/STM1 down to T1/E1,
2 port Channelized T3/E3 down to T1/E1 *Post FCS

BRKSPM-2006 © 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 28
 Cisco MWR 2941-DC

Cisco’s Latest MWR Series Product

Six Built-In GE Ports (4 RJ-45, 2 SFP)

16 Built-In T1/E1 Ports
MWR
Multiple Industry Standard Clocking Options
2941 IEEE 1588v2, Sync-E, Adaptive, Stratum 3

Expanded Capacity
Support for 2800/3800 HWICs i.e. xDSL

Key Applications
IP RAN: Activate flexible and efficient all-IP
RANs for new revenue-generating services
with intelligent IP network features
Standards Based Pseudowire: Use IETF
Most Compact, Affordable PWE3 to transport 2G, 3G and 4G wireless
High Performance networks over low-cost alternative networks
such as xDSL, Carrier Ethernet, MPLS, etc.
Cell Site Router with
Features Enabled

BRKSPM-2006 © 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 29
Native IP Support on
Node B/RNCs

Presentation_ID © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 30
 Ethernet IP NodeB Transport
Converged Packet Network with L2/L2VPN

Cell Access Pre-Aggregation Aggregation IP RNC

Site Layer Layer Layer

Aggregation Distribution
node node

GE Ring 10 GE Ring

L2/L2VPN L2VPN L3/MPLS VPN

Ethernet

100, 1000 FX/TX

Ethernet GE GE 4x10GE 4x10GE GE GE

REP Ethernet Bridged FTTX Access

100, 1000 FX/TX

REP Ethernet Bridged

BRKSPM-2006 © 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 31
 Ethernet IP NodeB Transport
Converged Packet Network with Distributed L3 Edge

Cell Access Pre-Aggregation Aggregation IP RNC

Site Layer Layer Layer

Aggregation Distribution
node node

GE Ring 10 GE Ring

L2/L2VPN L3/MPLS VPN

Ethernet

100, 1000 FX/TX

Ethernet GE GE 4x10GE 4x10GE GE GE

REP Ethernet Bridged FTTX Access

100, 1000 FX/TX

REP Ethernet Bridged

BRKSPM-2006 © 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 32
Synchronisation
capabilities

Presentation_ID © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 33
 Network Clock Synchronization Options
Recovered clock Clock source
Cell Site Agg.
router router
TDM lines MPLS TDM lines
CEoP CEoP
MWR2941 7600 RNC/BSC

Synchronize the clock between the disjoint TDM Links

1. Synchronous : Cell site router receives the same TDM clock from an external
source, like, BITS, SONET, GPS, etc.

2. Adaptive : Routers do NOT have common clock source. Instead, the clock is
derived based on packet arrival rates.

3. Differential : Both Cell site and Aggregation routers have the same clock
source. In addition, the TDM clocks are derived from differential information in
RTP header of the packet with respect to the common clock.

BRKSPM-2006 © 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 34
 Frequency and Phase Introduction
Frequency= Stability Phase=Precision

Not Stable Not Stable Stable Stable

Not Accurate Accurate Not Accurate Precise
X X X X

0 0 0 0
Time Time Time Time

Not Stable and Not Stable Stable but Stable

Not Accurate but Accurate Not Accurate And Accurate
BRKSPM-2006 © 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 35
 Ethernet Clocking Mechanism Comparisons

Advantages Disadvantages

GPS Reliable PRC

Relatively cheap
Antenna required
US Govt owned
Frequency and phase

PRC/BITS Reliable PRC

Generally Available
No Phase
Need to maintain TDM in all Ethernet
deployment

1588-2008 Packet Based

(Frequency and Phase)
Requires Master w/ PRC
Performance influenced by network
Undefined Profiles in SP environments

SyncE/ESMC Physical layer

(Frequency)
No Phase
Every node in chain needs to support

NTPv4 Packet Based

(Frequency and Phase)
Not as robust as 1588-2008
Open standard
Some proprietary implementations

BRKSPM-2006 © 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 36
 Synchronisation Requirement
Application Requirements for Frequency & Time/Phase

Synchronisation Service Application

TDM (CES/CEoPS)
SDH transform to PSN
GSM
Frequency
3G FDD
LTE-FDD
DVB-T/-H
LTE TDD
Time (Phase) LTE MBSFN
DVB-T/-H SFN
Mobile Wimax

BRKSPM-2006 © 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 37
Clock Recovery with Out-of-band Pseudowires

PWs carrying Out-of-band Clock.

These PWs do not carry data.

Pre-AGG/Access Aggregation

E1/T1 E1
BITS
CEOP SPA SPA
NodeB
E1/T1
CEOP SPA
STM-1
MPLS ATM SPA
STM-1 RNC
STM-1 ATM SPA
CEOP SPA
NodeB
STM-1
CEOP SPA

CEOP DataPW CEOP SyncPW (adaptive or differential)

BRKSPM-2006 © 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 38
 European Customer Network Topology
BTI GMC with BTI Client

Cellsite Central Office

Cern C-2000 Clock Source
ToP Server BITS or GPS
ToP Client

MPLS Network

GE PWE3 Bearer Packets GE BSC

GSM E1 IEEE 1588v2 ToP Packets
E1
BTS
Cisco MWR 2941 7600
w/ PWE3
SPA

End to End Timing Sync

BRKSPM-2006 © 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 39
LTE/SAE Architectural
Considerations

Presentation_ID © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 40
 X2 Interface and Handover
X2 interface function during handover

After ~50ms
R8 uses X2 for Control plane & small
MME GW
burst <100ms Data plane during HO
Source eNB

SGW
SGW Uplink
PDN GW

LTE-Advanced
Target eNB
envisages the use of
Downlink

X2 for more Data plane traffic

Downlink
MME GW
Uplink

BRKSPM-2006 © 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 41
 Distributed Architectural Evolution
3GPP release evolution

2G and 2.5G Network Architecture LTE/System Architecture Evolution

SMSC

HLR

MME GW
A-bis A VLR
PCU
TDM

BTS BSC MSC GMSC

Gb

S AE GW

Gn Gi
S AE GW
Internet PDN GW
SGSN GGSN

Um Gb Gn
PDP Context PDP Context Gi
IP IP
SNDCP SNDCP GTP GTP MME GW
LLC LLC UDP UDP
RLC RLC BSSGP BSSGP IP IP
MAC MAC Network Service Network Service Layer 2 Layer 2
TDMA/GMSK TDMA/GMSK L1bis L1bis Layer 1 Layer 1

Structured, Less Rigid, Flexible,

Centralised Distributed Approach
Approach
BRKSPM-2006 © 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 42
 Distributed Architectural Evolution
Initial Plans
Access Pre-Aggregation Aggregation Core
Layer Layer Layer Layer

MME GW

SGW

SGW
PDN GW

S1-u
S11
X2
S1-c MME GW
SGW to PGW

Pre-aggregation site Aggregation site Core site

i.e. CO or Radio agg. i.e. RNC site i.e. MSC site 43
BRKSPM-2006 © 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
 Distributed Architectural Evolution
Evolving quickly to…………….
Access Pre-Aggregation Aggregation Core
Layer Layer Layer Layer

Increasing bandwidth requirements

towards centralised Gateways
MME GW

Latency, Jitter and Delay requirements

Will be deployed in a
with added resiliency
SGW combined manner
SGW
PDN GW
Local internet breakout (up to 80% of
MME GW
S1-u
S11
traffic) and peering
X2
S1-c
SGW to PGW

Distributed content insertion/Caching

for VoD/IPTV Services
Pre-aggregation site Aggregation site Core site
i.e. CO or Radio agg. i.e. RNC site i.e. MSC site
BRKSPM-2006 © 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 44
Architectural and
technology positioning
for LTE deployments

Presentation_ID © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 45
 LTE Network Requirements
No longer Pt-to-Pt relationship with
S1-c Base Station to MME
interface
multipoint requirements
Multi-homed to multiple MME pools
MME GW
SCTP/IP basedDifferent traffic types with different
transport requirements
S11 MME to SAE GW
GTP-c Version 2

“X2” interface introduces direct

communicationSGW between eNodeBs
SGW
PDN GW

Network intelligence for advanced

services and traffic manipulation
X2 inter base station SAE GW to PDN GW
interface GTP or PMIP based macro mobility
More Distributed
SCTP/IP Signalling architecture
MME GW for GW
GTP tunneling
following handover placement & local break-out
S1-u Base Station to SAE GW
GTP-u base micro mobility
BRKSPM-2006 © 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 46
 Preferred LTE Deployment Option
E-UTRAN E-PC
Access
PDN
Cell Site Pre-Aggregation Aggregation MME SGW GW Backbone
Layer Layer Layer Layer

Fibre GE Ring 10 GE Ring

Dot1q/QnQ/REP
MPLS VPN Half Duplex (L3VPN) Core Application i.e. SGW,
PWE3/MPLS-TP
MME

Dot1q/QnQ/REP
PWE3/MPLS-TP
MPLS VPN (L3 VPN) X2 Traffic (inter-NodeB)

Optional
Dot1q/QnQ/REP
E-Line (L2 VPN) Management traffic for initial
PWE3/MPLS-TP setup and configuration

BRKSPM-2006 © 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 47
MPLS-TP – An understanding of the offering

MPLS Transport Profile
T-MPLS requirements feeding into IETF MPLS-TP enhancements
Effort to address Pt-to-Pt SDH-like transport centric networks
Focused on connection-oriented services

Question:on

Data plane—based IsIETF
thisMPLS,
the desired direction
with restricted optionsfor
the
Evolved
PWE3 pseudowireMobile Backhaul from end-to-end?
architecture
No ECMP, no PHP, no LSP merging

Control plane—static and/or dynamic

Answer: It could form part of the solution

Static provisioning with NMS, with standardized common functions

but only offers subset of requirements

Dynamic control plane based on GMPLS or IP/MPLS

Key OAM enhancements
Enhanced OAM functionality
OAM Monitors and drives protection switching

Standardization in progress, standard specs expected in 2009/2010
Driven by carrier’s wishing to evolve SONET/SDH networks to support packet based
services and networks, and the desire to take advantage of flexibility and cost benefits of
packet switching
BRKSPM-2006
technology
© 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 48
 European SP Transport Model Evaluation
PDN
Cell Site Access Pre-Aggregation Aggregation MME SGW GW Backbone
Layer Layer Layer Layer

Fibre GE Ring 10 GE Ring

Note: PWE3 or MS-PWE3 Tunnels can run over all models

Model 1 L2/L2VPN IP/L3 MPLS VPN

Model 2 L2 L2VPN (E-Line/E-Lan/E-Tree)

Model 3 L3 MPLS/MPLS VPN

Model 4 IP (L3) L3 MPLS/MPLS VPN

Model 5 MPLS-TP L2 VPN/L3 MPLS VPN

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Evolution towards a
Converged IP NGN
Architecture

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 Converged IP Fixed & Mobile NGN
Network Convergence Services Offering Intelligent L3 Edge
• Converged Wireless & • L2 VPN & L3 VPN, • Distributed GW functions
Wireline offering with Residential & Business • Bandwidth saving i.e.
Policy and Service Control Plane (per subscriber)
common Distributed L3 including IP, Multicast & offload traffic
Edge
Subscriber Wholesale services • Minimal Latency Core
Access Aggregation & Wireline/Mobile Edge
Mobile •
•

DSLAM
Residential

OLT

Business

Corporate

Resiliency/Availability Flexible UNI Architecture

SDH / OpticalAdvanced Feature Set
• Common convergence & • Traffic Flows identification • Security/IPSec
Resiliency technique with • VLAN manipulation • IPv6 capability
same Control plane to the • Services application i.e. • Synchronisation (SyncE,
Network edge QoS, security, E-OAM 1588v2, ACR)
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 Converged IP Fixed & Mobile NGN
Service Control
Mobile
Converged
Fixed

Common Application Integration and

Policy and Service Control Plane (per subscriber)

service control for all technology Edge types

Subscriber
Access Aggregation & Wireline/Mobile Core
Mobile
L3 PE
Mob.GW

Common Access presentation with

LI
Mob.GW
DSLAM L2/L3

converged Aggregation networks

BNG LI
Residential
DPI
DPI
OLT SBC
Video Video
Content Content
Quality

Business
Flexible Service Edge placement with
in-built network simplicity & optimisation
L3 PE
Corporate

SDH / Optical

Mob. GW: GGSN, Serving-GW, PDN-GW, PDG (3G, 4G, Femto) L2/L3 BNG: ISG PPP/IP/L2 Sessions, DHCP, Carrier
HA, ASN-GW (WiMAX), Security Gateway Ethernet, IPv4/IPv6, H-QoS
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BRKSPM-2006 © 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 53