MEV1.

2: Further operations with vectors (Part 8) Name: _________________________________

Similarly, the displacement of boat - is:

Displacement, Force and Velocity using Vectors
4 + 2#
> = (4/ + 31) + #(2/ + 51) = (4 + 2#)/ + (3 + 5#)1 = < =
Introduction to vector functions 3 + 5#
When we studied rates of change, we worked with equations of motion such as 4 + 2# 4 + 4# −2#
44444⃗ = <
∴ ,- =−< ==< =
3 + 5# 8+# −5 + 4#
displacement functions e.g. !(#) = ! ! − 2! − 8, and used calculus to derive the
at a
velocity (!̇ ) and acceleration (!̈ ) functions. As these are all vector quantities, it makes 44444⃗K = L(−2#)! + (−5 + 4#)! = L20# ! − 40# + 25
Distance between boats = K,-
sense that we can also describe a particle’s path using a vector function +(#). This will 44444⃗K = L20# ! − 40# + 25 = L(−2#)! + (−5 + 4#)!
Distance between boats = K,-
be illustrated through the examples that follow.
(b) Show that the least distance between the boats is √5 km.
Problems involving motion
44444⃗K will be minimised (least distance) when 20# ! − 40# + 25 is a minimum.
K,-
Example 1: Pafteronehour
At noon, two boats , and - are at points D 44444⃗K = L20# ! − 40# + 25
K,-
whose position vectors are 4/ + 81 and 44444⃗K = L20(# ! − 2# + 1) + 5
K,-
concave parabola
4/ + 31 respectively. Both boats are moving
T
44444⃗K = L20(# − 1)! + 5
K,- upatitsvertex4,57
iminis
with constant velocity. The velocity of , is This is a minimum when # = 1.
4/ + 1 and the velocity of - is 2/ + 51. ∴ ,- = √5 km is the minimum distance between the two boats.
(Distance in km, time in hours)
Example 2:

T.E
(a) Find the position vectors of , and A body experiences an acceleration of −10 ms-2 in a direction of 135°. Find the
44444⃗ after # hours, and hence
-, and ,- vector for the body’s acceleration.
express the distance between the boats
Using rectangular components, Q = (R cos S , R sin S)

jmf
(,-) in terms of #.
If U is the body’s acceleration vector,
As 7 = 8 × :, after # hours, boat , has moved #(4/ + 1) km and therefore its
displacement is: U = (−10 cos 135° , −10 sin 135°)
U = V5√2, −5√2W
4 + 4#
; = (4/ + 81) + #(4/ + 1) = (4 + 4#)/ + (8 + #)1 = < =
8+#

Year 12 Maths Ext1

ioxtf.fr oxH CHATSWOOD HIGH SCHOOL
 MEV1.2: Further operations with vectors (Part 8) Name: _________________________________

Example 3: Problems involving force

A particle’s path is defined by the vector function +(#) = (3 + #)/ + (1 − 2#)1. Example 1: Paul
Complete the table of values: substitute t Peter pulls east on a rope with a force of 60 Newtons, and Paul

# −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3
pulls north with a force of 80 Newtons. Find the resultant force Z of
(i) Using a force diagram and (ii) Using projections.
+(#)
7J

I15J2It3j3Itj 41 j 5inj 615J
projIE
Plotting this out, we can see the particle’s path on the Cartesian plane. Clearly, it is
From the diagram, Z = 60/ + 801 and |Z| = 100.
$%
Using trigonometry, S = tan"# ]&%^ ≈ 53°.
Voto Peter
linear. Let’s find its Cartesian equation.
Using projections, proj' Z = 60/ so 100 cos S / = 60
&%
ii
Hence S = cos "# ]#%%^ ≈ 53°. BecausePeter's
force istheprojection
oftheresultantfacet
inthe direction
Example 2: Two forces are acting on a particle as
shown. Find the magnitude and direction of the
resultant force on the particle. 4 I 1280
of from
measured the exc
J
Direction avector always
n
Q = (100 cos 128° , 100 sin 128°) positive
c = (85 cos 212° , 100 sin 212°) x axis hav
Fou
The resultant force is Q + c:
AddingKanda
(100
components
Q+c= cos 128° + 85 cos 212° , 100 sin 128° + 85 sin 212°)

The vector function is +(#) = !/ + X1 = (3 + #)/ + (1 − 2#)1 ∴ |d + e| = L(100 cos 128° + 85 cos 212°)! + (100 sin 128° + 85 sin 212°)!
≈ 137.8 Newtons
of
magnitude resultantforce
g1 21 37
This means ! = 3 + # and X = 1 − 2#
ytyisinquadI 100 sin 128° + 85 sin 212°
e x3 substitute a 2x i180
Direction = 180° − tan"# < = ≈ 166°
of o tantdand Example 18 from your Cambridge textbook.
Eliminating # like we did when we learned Parametric Equations in Year 11, we get: 100 cos 128° + 85 cos 212°

X = 7 − 2! Example 3: Read page 422

Year 12 Maths Ext1 CHATSWOOD HIGH SCHOOL

 MEV1.2: Further operations with vectors (Part 8) Name: _________________________________
5. In still water, Mary can swim at 1.2 m/s. She is standing
Exercises
at point , on the edge of a canal, directly opposite
1. The vector equation of the path of an object is:
point -. The water is flowing to the right at a constant
! 1 3
< = = < =+#< = speed of 0.6 m/s.
X 9 −4
Where distance is in metres and time # is in seconds, # ≥ 0. (a) If Mary tries to swim directly from , to - without allowing for current,

(a) Find the object’s initial position. what will her actual velocity be?

(b) Plot the path of the object for # = 0,1,2,3. (b) May wants to swim directly across the canal to point -.

(c) Find the velocity vector of the object. (i) At what angle should she aim to swim in order for the current to

(d) Find the object’s speed. correct her direction?

(e) If the object continues in the same direction but increases its speed to 30 (ii) What will Mary’s actual speed be?

m/s, state its new velocity vector. 6. The diagram shows an object of weight 24 N at rest at ,

2. Sketch the path of a particle where the position vector at time # is given by on an inclined plane. Find the component of the weight:

+(#) = 2#/ + # ! 1, # ≥ 0. (a) Down the plane

(b) Perpendicular to the plane.
3. An object is initially at (5,10) and moves with velocity vector 3/ − 1 metres per
7. Two tugboats are pulling a cruise ship as shown,
minute. Find:
with the force measured in kilonewtons (kN).
(a) The position of the object at time # minutes.
(b) The speed of the object. Find the magnitude and direction of the
(c) The position of the object at # = 3 minutes. resultant force.
(d) The time when the object is due east of (0,0).

4. A plane’s controls are set for a speed of 250 km/h on a bearing of 040°, but there
is a westerly wind of 55 km/h (wind from the west). Find the actual speed and
bearing of the plane, taking the wind into account.

Ex Topic Develop Consolidate

8F Applications to physical situations 2,5,6,8 10,11,13,14,18

Year 12 Maths Ext1 CHATSWOOD HIGH SCHOOL

Cal t o g 41 to Y
d w
8
b t 1 Ky El G
t2 y F 4
t 3 Eg Ig 2
O l I i r i Sn
ca y 34 2 4 6 8 10
z
4
d speed lyall c4 2 s
scholar
5m15
of
magnitude velocity

e mfsbutsamedirection
speednow 30

i If yal 5mfs
Greth 30m s
64341 1194

1 0 10,0
t l 2,1

Iii
14,41
x 2t
yE can
t Ix Ix
2
4
y Ix
Particle'spath is a parabolawithCartesianegh
lai Eth fo t l I

b I 4 I fat Tomlmin
a red Tots
d ifit isdueeastof10,07 its componentisO
j
I El Kol
lo t o
t 10
at 10min

00
55kmh

480town

ofplane
vector actualspeed
resultant

y putWn

sin50
p 250
cos
55
500250 usingrectangularcomponents
in cosoo 55
sin0
i k 250
cos sin50455sinO
cos0 250
500155

lyl Joity I 288kmh

direction O tan E a 420
seediagram
i Actualspeed
ofplane is 288kmh on of N48E or0480.0
a bearing
 Maria

YimtE
mu hel 112
1mn14
1.220.62
118
tano 061.2
at Heractualvelocity
istheresultant Oa270
vectorVnwithmagnitude 1.8ms anddirection 270
b Maryshouldswimtotheleftof Q sothecurrentwill
correctherdirection

i x sin go
in
µ y Maryshouldswim300tothe LeftyQ
ii 1mn12 Is12t ly12
122 0.62 1 12
i ly12 1.08
i Mary'sactualspeed is 108mfs

soo
N
I Goo
sE

a Letobject'sweightbe 111 24
600
cos IWI
El
i.IE lw1cos60
24xtz
12N
b cos30
IWI
IKI
IKI lylcos300
24 x Bz
1253N
 rn

Untv y 3cos400 3sin40

resultant
force
y 2cos3250 2sin325

3cos4012cos325 35h4012sin
325
KI V 24.01 kN
O tan In 11013