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Channel Configuration

Objectives

The participant is able to

- explain a given channel configuration

Contents

1 Channel Configuration Overview

2 Control Channel Configuration

2.1 Dedicated Channels
2.2 Random Access Channel
2.3 Paging and Access Grant Channel

3 Extended Channel Mode

4 Exercises

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1 Channel Configuration Overview

On the radio interface Um two subbands for the BTS-MS duplex connection are specified:

Uplink UL MS-BTS

890 - 915 MHz P-GSM900 (primary band)

880 - 915 MHz E-GSM900 (extended band)
1710 - 1785 MHz DCS1800
876 - 880 Mhz GSM-R ( BR 3.6)
1850 - 1910 Mhz PCS1900 ( BR 3.6)

Downlink DL BTS-MS

935 - 960 MHz P-GSM900 (primary band)

925 - 960 MHz E-GSM900 (extended band)
1805 - 1880 MHz DCS1800
921 - 925 Mhz GSM-R ( BR 3.6)
1930 - 1990 Mhz PCS1900 ( BR 3.6)

The radio frequency channel spacing in 200 kHz, allowing 124 RFC in P-GSM, 174 RFC in E-GSM, 374 in
DCS, 20 RFC in GSM-R and 299 in PCS1900.

Within the database or within the protocol messages a carrier frequency is characterized by its absolute radio
frequency channel number (ARFCN).

Using the abbreviation n = ARFCN, there is the following relation between ARFCN and the frequency in MHz
in the uplink Fu [MHz] and the downlink Fd [MHz].

P-GSM900 Fu(n) = 890 + 0.2 n 1 < n < 124 Fd(n) = Fu(n) + 45

E-GSM 960 Fu(n) = 890 + 0.2 n 0< n < 124 Fd(n) = Fu(n) + 45
Fu(n) = 890 + 0.2 x (n -1024) 975 < n < 1023

DCS1800 Fu(n) = 1710.2 + 0.2 x (n -512) 512 < n < 885 Fd(n) = Fu(n) + 95

GSM-R Fu(n) = 876.2 + 0.2 x (n -955) 955 < n < 974 Fd(n) = Fu(n) + 45

PCS1900 Fu(n) = 1850.2 + 0.2 x (n -512) 512 < n < 810 Fd(n) = Fu(n) + 80

Fig. 1

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(880) 890 Mhz 915 Mhz (925) 935 Mhz 960 Mhz GSM 900
1710 MHz 1785 MHz 1805 MHz 1880 MHz DCS 1800
UPLINK (UL) DOWNLINK (DL)
Transmit band of the Transmit band of the base
mobile station station

Duplex Distance 45 MHz resp. 95 MHz

25 (35) MHz 25 (35) MHz
75 MHz 75 MHz
Guard band
not used

C C
C C C 124 C C C 124’
1 2 3 (174) 1’ 2’ 3’ (174’)
374 374

C = radio frequency channel (RFC)

200 kHz

512...............885 975....1024
01...............124
DCS1800 GSM900 ARFCN
(Absolute RF channel number)
E-GSM900

Fig. 2 Radio frequency channels RFC on Um

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Each RFC offers 8 physical channels a time division multiplex access TDMA

4
3
2
1
0
7
6
5
4
3
2 Time
1
200 kHz 0 4,615 msec
= 8  577 µs

Fig. 3

The physical channels are subdivided into logical channels, divided in traffic channels and control channels
according GSM 04.03.

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Speech
Channels
(Full/Half)
Traffic
Channels TCH

Data
Channels
(Data Rate)
Logical
Channels
Broadcast
Control
Channel BCCH

Control Common
Channels CCH Control
Channel CCCH

Dedicated
Control
Channel DCCH

Fig. 4

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Random Access MS requests a dedicated

Channel RACH channel from network

Common Access Grant answer to a random access,

Control Channel AGCH assignment of dedicated
Channel CCCH signaling channel

Paging Channel paging of a MS in all cells of a

PCH location area for a mobile
terminating call (MTC)

Fig. 5 Common control channel

Frequency identification of BCCH

Correction frequency, MS frequency
Channel FCCH synchronization

frame (time) synchronization,

Synchronization
identification of neighbour cells
Channel SCH
(handover)
Broadcast
Control
Channels BCCH
system information:
Broadcast cell identifier, cell parameter,
Control Channel channel configuration, cell
BCCH frequencies, broadcast
frequencies of neighbour cells

Cell Broadcast broadcast of short messages:

Channel CBCH traffic, weather, date, ...
(no mobile system info)

Fig. 6 Broadcast control channel

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Stand Alone „out of band“ signaling channel for:

Dedicated call setup signaling, short message service
Control Channel (SMS), location update (LUP),
SDCCH IMSI attach/detach

Dedicated Slow Associated „in band“ signaling channel (periodic):

Control Control Channel downlink: system info, power command, TA;
Channel DCCH SACCH uplink: measurements (level quality),
short messages service

Fast Associated „in band“ signaling channel (sporadic):

Control Channel handover signaling
FACCH channel mode modify: speech  data

Fig. 7 Dedicated control channel

Multiplexing of Logical Channels

1 physical channel (time slot) can carry one of the following logical channel combinations:

Channel Combination Capacity

a) TCH / F + FAACH / F + SACCH / F 1 full rate subscriber

b) TCH/H (0, 1) + FACCH/H (0, 1) + SACCH/H (0, 1) 2 half rate subscriber (speech or data)

c) FCCH + SCH + BCCH + CCCH uplink: 800 000 RACH slots per hour
downlink: 140 000 CCCH blocks per hour

d) FCCH + SCH + BCCH + CCCH uplink: 400 000 RACH slots per hour
downlink: 46 000 CCCH blocks per hour
+ SDCCH / 4 (0...3) + SACCH / 4 (0...3) + dedicated signaling channels for 4 subscribers

e) SDCCH / 8 (0...7) + SACCH / 8 (0...7) dedicated signaling channels for 8 subscribers

...

Fig. 8

1 RACH slot: 1 channel request message of 1 subscriber

1 CCCH block (4 slots): - 1 paging message for 1...4 subscribers or

- 1 access grant message for 1...2 subscribers

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Channel Organization in a Cell

In SBS BR2.1 the following channel combinations are allowed:

- TCH/F + FACCH/F + SACCH/F........................................................................................TCHFULL

- FCCH + SCH+ BCCH+ CCCH (AGCH + PCH + RACH)...............................................MAINBCCH

- FCCH + SCH + BCCH + CCCH + 4 (SDCCH + SACCH)...............................................MBCCHC

- 8 (SDCCH + SACCH)........................................................................................................SDCCH

Additional channel combinations in SBS BR3.0 :

- TCH/H (0) + FACCH/H (0) + SACCH/H (0) + TCH/H (1)..............................................TCHF_HLF

- FCCH + SCH + BCCH + CCCH + 3 (SDCCH + SACCH) + CBCH...............................BCBCH

- 7 (SDCCH + SACCH) + CBCH.........................................................................................SCBCH

- BCCH + CCCH...................................................................................................................CCCH

In a cell with a single RFC the allocation should be the following:

Timeslot 0 ® FCCH+SCH + BCCH + CCCH + 4 (SDCCH + SACCH)

Timeslot 1...7 ® TCH/F + FACCH/F + SACCH/F

The timeslot 0 runs in the 51 frame organization:

F S BCCH CCCH F S CCCH CCCH F S SDCCH0 SDCCH1 F S SDCCH2 SDCCH3 F S SACCH0 SACCH1 I
1. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50
F S BCCH CCCH F S CCCH CCCH F S SDCCH0 SDCCH1 F S SDCCH2 SDCCH3 F S SACCH2 SACCH3 I
2. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

‘downlink’ BCCH + CCCH + 4 SDCCH / 4, F = FCCH, S = SCH

SDCCH3 R R SACCH2 SACCH3 R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R SDCCH0 SDCCH1 R R SDCCH2

1. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 1213 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50
SDCCH3 R R SACCH0 13 13
SACCH1 R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R SDCCH0 SDCCH1 R R SDCCH2
2. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 13
11 1213 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50
13
‘uplink’ R = RACH + SDCCH / 4

Fig. 9 1 frame = 235,38 msec

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The timeslots 1...7 run in the 26 frame organization

T T T T T T T T T T T T A T T T T T T T T T T T T - 1 Full Rate TCH

26 frames = 120 ms

T t T t T t T t T t T t A t T t T t T t T t T t T a 2 Half Rate TCH

T: Traffic Channel Burst for subscriber 1

t: Traffic Channel Burst for subscriber 2
A: Slow Associated Control Channel for subscriber 1
a: Slow Associated Control Channel for subscriber 2

Fig. 10 Time organization for one TCH

In a cell with 2 RFC there are more possibilities, depending on the used traffic model [SDCCH dimensioning],
for example:

RFC-0 see cell with 1 TRX

RFC-1 Timeslot 0...7 ® TCH / F + FACCH / F + SACCH / F

or

Timeslot 0 ® 8 (SDCCH + SACCH)

Timeslot 1...7 ® TCH / F + FACCH / F + SACCH / F

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2Control Channel Configuration

Introduction:

In a MOC, MTC, LU the MS has to request an SDCCH using the RACH. There is a time delay between the
request and the SDCCH allocation due to the traffic load. If there is a free SDCCH, it is allocated using the
AGCH. The SDCCH is used for the authentication, transmission of cipher parameters and call initialization.
Next a traffic channel is requested and allocated, if available. After this, the SDCCH is relaesed. The MS
acknowledges the allocation on the FACCH. The TCH with its FACCH and SACCH is occupied until the end
of the call. So the blocking probalility is a function of

· availability of SDCCH

· availability of TCH

· waiting time in TCH queue, if queuing performed (BTS parameter)

· time for connection establishment

2.1Dedicated Channels

If we evaluate a given traffic model, we find a certain traffic load per subscriber. Additionally we have to
calculate the SDCCH load per subsriber.

According to the traffic model given in chapter 1, there are four values to be considered:

· call attempts per subscriber per hour 1.1

· time for MOC/MTC setup signaling 3 sec

· time for Location Update 5 sec

· Location Updates per subscriber per hour 2.2

The SDCCH load per subscriber is calculated as follows:

(1.1 * 3 sec + 2.2 * 5 sec) / 3600 sec = 0.004 Erl

Furthermore we have for the TCH: 25 mErl

At the following page an example for a channel configuration of a 2 carrier cells is given using the
assumptions above.

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Example for Channel Configuration

Assumptions: 25 mErl TCH Load per subscriber

4 mErl SDCCH load per subscriber
no load problem on CCCH (refer to chapter 2.2)

Cell with 2 TRX: 16 channels

Configuration A Configuration B

- 1 comb. CCCH/SDCCH ® 4 SDCCH - uncomb. CCCH

- 15 TCH - 1 SDCCH/8 ® 8 SDCCH

- 14 TCH

- offered TCH load at 1 % blocking offered TCH load at 1 % blocking

8.11 Erl ® Subscriber 8.11 / 0.025 = 324 7.35 Erl ® Subscriber: 7.35 / 0.025 = 294

offered SDCCH load at 1 % blocking offered SDCCH load at 1 % blocking

0.87 Erl ® Subscriber 0.87 / 0.004 = 218 3.13 Erl ® Subscriber: 3.13 / 0.004 = 782

® SDCCH limited: 218 subscriber ® TCH limited: 294 subscriber

® Configuration B is the better one for this scenario

Fig. 11

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2.2Random Access Channel

RACH

Capacity of the RACH

The RACH is used by the MS to request a dedicated channel, the SDCCH. The channel request needs one
RACH timeslot. The cause for the channel request can be a paging response in MTC, an emergency call, a
MOC, LU or IMSI attach/detach. According to the traffic model from chapter 1 there are about 4 RACH
activities per subscriber per hour.

Configuration of the RACH

The RACH is configured only uplink, his frequency corresponds to the downlink BCCH frequency. The
RACH may be combined with the uplink part of the SDCCH. In the combined case, the RACH is multiplexed
onto 27 timeslots 0 out of 51 of a BCCHcombined. These 27 RACH are spread over the multiframe as follows:

SSSSRRSSSSSSSSRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRSSSSSSSSRRSSSS

with S = SDCCH/SACCH and R = RACH

The RACH can also be configured uncombined on all timeslots 0, 2, 4, 6

This gives the following capacities, the frame duration is 4.6 ms (period between two successive timeslots 0):
combined: 27/51 of all timeslots 0 => 400000 RACH slots per hour
uncombined: timeslot 0 => 800000 RACH slots per hour
uncombined: timeslot 0,2 => 1560000 RACH slots per hour (not in BR2.1)
uncombined: timeslot 0,2,4 => 2340000 RACH slots per hour (not in BR2.1)
uncombined: timelsot 0,2,4,6 => 3120000 RACH slots per hour (not in BR2.1)
In a cell with 5000 subscriber normally there are about 20 000 RACH activities per hour only !!

RACH control parameter

RACH busy threshold, defines a threshold for the signal level during the RACH bursts. The BTS measures
the signal level on each RACH timeslot and determines whether a channel request is successfully received or
not: If the received signal level is greater than or equal to the value of RACHBT then the RACH burst in
question will be indicated as busy (one or more mobile stations have tried to access the network). The purpose
of this parameter is to avoid unnecessary load on the BSS by normal noise signals being decoded as RACH
bursts (followed by seizure of SDCCH) by mistake. However, to be on the safe side the BTS does not only
evaluate the RACH level but additionally decodes the Synch sequence bits of the RACH burst.
Note: The value entered for this parameter is not only relevant for the CHANNEL REQUEST message on the
RACH but also for the HANDOVER ACCESS message on the FACCH!

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The MS recieves the RACH control parameters from the base station on the BCCH :

· Maximum number of retransmission ( max_retrans ) MAXRETR = 1, 2, 4, 7

If a channel request is not acknowledged by the base station, the MS repeats the request until the given value
of MAXRETR.

· Number of slots to spread transmissions ( tx_integer ) NSLOTST = 0,..15 representing the real values

of 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14, 16, 20, 25, 32, 50

This value determines the time period between sending of two channel requests. This period is measured in
RACH slots and is the sum of a deterministic part td and a random part tr:

MS tx_integer td (RACH slots, combined) td (RACH slots, uncombined)

Phase 1 ----- 41 (0.35 sec) 55 (0.25 sec)

3, 8, 14, 50 41 (0.35 sec) 55 (0.25 sec)

4, 9, 16 52 (0.45 sec) 76 (0.35 sec)

Phase 2 5, 10, 20 58 (0.50 sec) 109 (0.50 sec)

6, 11, 25 86 (0.75 sec) 163(0.75 sec)

7, 12, 32 115 (1.00 sec) 217(1.00 sec)

Fig. 12 Deterministic part td of retransmission period as a function of tx_integer

The random part tr is an integer between 1 and tx_integer where the probability of choosing a certain time slot
i is given by :

p ( tr = i ) = 1 / tx_integer for i = 1...tx_integer

retransmission

td = 163 slots

first transmission tr = tx_integer = 6

with a collision

Fig. 13

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Immediate Assignment Procedure:

The procedure is specified in GSM 04.08, chapter 3.3.1.2:

IMMEDIATE
ASSIGNMENT
PROCEDURE

Select RACH slot

for first transmission

number of
retransmissions = 0

Send CHANNEL
REQUEST msg.

no.of retransmissions Y set timer T3126 GRANT during N

= max_retrans wait for grant Sup. time

N Y
Select RACH slot for
next transmission, CELL
wait for grant RESELECTION

immediate Y
assignment
Y
Rejection
N
number of
N
retransmissions + 1
SDCCH WAIT
Allocation T3122

Fig. 14 Immediate Assignment Procedure

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Evaluation of Immediate Assignment Procedure for different parameter values

Traffic Load / RACH activities per hour

The relative traffic load is the average number of initiated immediate assignment procedures or RACH
activities in a timeslot:

traffic load = total number of immediate assignment procedures / total number of RACH slots

The absolute number of RACH activities per hour is obtained by multiplying this relative load with the
number of RACH slots per hour.

Blocking

The blocking shows the percentage of not successful immediate assignment procedures initialized by the MS.

blocking [%] = (number of unsucc. imm. ass. proc. / total number of imm. ass. Proc. ) * 100

Throughput

The channel throughput is the average number of successful transmissions per time slot.

throughput = number of successful transmissions / number of simulated time slots

throughput = ( 1 - blocking ) * traffic load

Wait Time

The wait time is the time between the initiation of the immediate assignment procedure and the arrival of the
immediate assignment message. For the waiting time it is useful to consider the 90% quantile of the wait time:

for 90% of the immediate assignment procedures, the wait time is less than the time t 90.

The blocking and the 90% (95%) quantile for different values of the RACH control parameters is shown in the
following tables for a combined RACH/SDCCH:

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tx_integer max_retrans blocking(%) 90% quantile(s) 95% quantile(s)

3 1 2.9 < 0.1 0.35
3 2 1.1 < 0.1 0.35
3 4 0.2 < 0.1 0.35
3 7 < 0.01 < 0.1 0.4
7 1 1.6 < 0.1 1.0
7 2 0.4 < 0.1 1.0
7 4 0.1 < 0.1 1.0
7 7 < 0.01 < 0.1 1.0
14 1 0.9 < 0.1 0.4
14 2 0.1 < 0.1 0.4
14 4 < 0.01 < 0.1 0.4
14 7 < 0.01 < 0.1 0.4
25 1 0.6 < 0.1 0.8
25 2 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.8
25 4 < 0.01 < 0.1 0.8
25 7 < 0.01 < 0.1 0.8
50 1 0.5 < 0.1 0.5
50 2 0.1 < 0.1 0.5
50 4 < 0.01 < 0.1 0.5
50 7 < 0.01 < 0.1 0.5

Fig. 15 values for 25000 RACH activities per hour

tx_integer max_retrans blocking(%) 90% quantile(s) 95% quantile(s)

3 1 6.1 0.35
3 2 2.8 0.35 0.75
3 4 0.6 0.35 0.75
3 7 0.1 0.35 0.75
7 1 3.6 1.0 1.1
7 2 1.0 1.0 1.1
7 4 0.1 1.0 1.1
7 7 < 0.1 1.0 1.1
14 1 2.6 0.4 0.45
14 2 0.5 0.4 0.45
14 4 < 0.1 0.4 0.45
14 7 < 0.01 0.4 0.45
25 1 2.0 0.8 0.9
25 2 0.4 0.8 0.9
25 4 < 0.01 0.8 0.9
25 7 < 0.01 0.8 0.9
50 1 1.8 0.5 0.7
50 2 0.2 0.5 0.7
50 4 < 0.01 0.5 0.7
50 7 < 0.01 0.5 0.7
Fig. 16 values for 50000 RACH activities per hour

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The results of these studies show, that even the RACH minimal configuration (combined RACH/SDCCH is
able to serve 50000 RACH activities per hour at a low blocking (< 0.5%) with an acceptable wait time. An
uncombined RACH is able to serve twice the traffic load with the same grade of service. The minimum
blocking for the considered traffic load is achieved by the following setting of parameters: max_retrans = 7,
tx_integer = 50.

Though a combined RACH can serve the expected traffic load, another RACH configuration may have to be
choosen. The RACH is only the uplink part of the CCCH. The downlink parts (AGCH,PCH) may need a
higher capacity. Therefore, the configuration of CCCH is determined by the capacity needed by the downlink
channels, the RACH configuration is uncritical.

2.3Paging and Access Grant Channel

PCH / AGCH

The paging channel and the access grant channel share the same TDMA frame mapping (modulo 51) when
combined onto a basic physical channel. The channels are shared on a block by block basis. The information
within each block allows the MS to determine if it is a paging or an access grant message. Every paging
channel can be used by the system as access grant channel but it is not allowed to the system to use access
grant channels as paging channels. However, to ensure a mobile a satisfactory access to the system, there is a
control parameter to define a fixed number of access grant blocks in the 51 multiframe. The number of blocks
reserved for AGCH is broadcasted on the BCH. The number of available paging blocks is reduced by this
number.

Paging channels may be used as access grant channels but not vice versa. Therefore it is useful to set the
parameter BS_AG_BLKS_RES to the smallest value and let the system organize the use of channels. In case
of MOC more AGCH are needed, in case of MTC more PCH are needed. In average the number of MOC is
higher than the number of MTC. If the BS_AG_BLKS_RES value is set too high with the result of a PCH
shortage, a overload indication for the PCH may arise in high traffic time.

In GSM traffic model the paging per subsriber per hour is 0.93.

The second parameter to be set is called BS_PA_MFRMS ( value = 2..9, number of multiframes between
paging). It indicates the number of TDMA multiframes between transmission of paging messages to the same
paging subgroup. The MS gets the information on BCH, to which paging groups it should listen to. By this
way the MS can save battery because it only listens to its own paging group. If the value is too high so that the
time between two blocks of the same paging sub-channel is high, the time for setting up an MTC is high.

In a medium cell the common channel pattern on timeslot 0 on one of the TRX can use the following
combination downlink (in uplink all channels are used as RACH):

FSBBBBPPPPFSPPPPPPPPFSPPPPPPPPFSPPPPPPPPFSPPPPPPPP
F = FCCH
S = SCH
B = BCCH
P = PACH / AGCH
An example for the load and the servable number of subscribers is given the following pages:

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CCCH Load

paging messages per hour: SUBSCR * LA_size * MTC_ph * REPET / subscr_per_pag_message

random messages per hour: SUBSCR * (MTC_PR_ph + MOC_ph + LU_ph + IMSI_ph + SMS_ph)

access grant messages per hour: SUBSCR * (MTC_PR_ph + MOC_ph + LU_ph + IMSI_ph +
SMS_ph) / subscr_per_agch_message

SUBSCR number of subscribers within the cell

LA_size number of cells on the location aea

MTC_ph mobile terminating calls per subscriber per hour (with and without paging response)

REPET mean number of repetitions of a paging message (no paging response to first paging)

MTC_PR_ph mobile terminating calls per subscriber per hour with paging response to first paging)

MOC_ph mobile originating calls per subscriber per hour

LU_ph location updates per subscriber per hour

IMSI_ph IMSI attach/detach per subscriber per hour

SMS_ph short message service requests per subscriber per hour

Fig. 17

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CCCH Load (Example)

paging messages per hour: SUBSCR * LA_size * MTC_ph * REPET / subscr_per_pag_message

access grant messages per hour: SUBSCR * (MTC_PR_ph + MOC_ph + LU_ph + IMSI_ph +
SMS_ph) / subscr_per_agch_message

random messages per hour: SUBSCR * (MTC_PR_ph + MOC_ph + LU_ph + IMSI_ph + SMS_ph)

SUBSCR: ?
LA_size: 20
MTC_ph: 0.46
REPET: 1.33
MTC_PR_ph 0.30
MOC_ph 0.64
LU_ph 2.2
IMSI_ph 1.0
SMS_ph -
subscr_per_pag_message = 2
subscr_per_agch_message = 1.0

Fig. 18

· paging messages per hour = SUBSCR * 20 * 0.46 * 1.33 / 2 ~ SUBSCR * 6 / h

· access grant messages per hour ~ SUBSCR * 4 / h

® paging + access grant messages per hour ~ SUBSCR * 10 / h

® ~ 4600 subscriber (combined CCCH)

® ~ 14000 subscriber (uncombined CCCH)

· random access messages per hour ~ SUBSCR * 4 / h (at 10 % load)

® ~ 10000 subscriber (combined CCCH)

® ~ 20000 subscriber (uncombined CCCH)

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Parameters for Control Channel Configuration

Specification Name Object/ DB Name Range Meaning

Package

CH_TYPE CHAN CHTYPE TCHFULL channel type

SDCCH
MAINBCCH
MBCCHC
CCCH
SCBCH
BCBCH
TCHF_HLF

RACH_BUSY_THRES BTS/BTSB RACHBT 0...127 RACH busy threshold defined in

steps of -1 dBm

MAX_RETRANS BTS/BTSC MAXRETR 1, 2, 4, 7 maximum number of allowed

retransmissions of a channel request
on the RACH

TX_INTEGER BTS/BTSC NSLOTST 0, ..., 15 number of RACH slots to spread re-

= 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, transmission of channel request; also
8, 9, 10, 11, fixing the deterministic part of wait
12, 14, 16, 20, time
25, 32, 50

BS_AG_BLKS_RES BTS/BTSC NBLKACGR 0...7 number of common control blocks

0...2 for comb. per multiframe used for access grant
CCCH exclusively

BS_PA_MFRMS BTS/BTSC NFRAMEPG 2...9 number of multiframes between

paging blocks belonging to the same
paging sub-channel

Fig. 19

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3Extended Channel Mode

In a normal GSM standard cell the maximum MS-BTS distance is 35 km; this is the limit given by the
maximum TA (timing advance 0...63 bit) which is possible on one radio timeslot.

Distance calculation:

Dist = TA * bit-period * light-speed / 2

bit-period = 48/13 (3.69) µs
light-speed = 300000 km/s

The feature ‘Extended Cells’ supports a larger distance between MS and BTS by using two subsequent radio
timeslots to compensate the longer delay of the bursts. The first timeslot of a double timeslot has always an
even number (0,2,4,6), the following corresponding channel must not be created.

For a double timeslot the maximum propagation delay can be 219 bit ( 120 km), but note that the maximum
distance which can be configured by O&M is 100 km.

The BTS splits the propagation delay into two values:

· timing advance (TA), covering the first 63 bit delay
· timing offset (TO), used for extended cells as an offset to TA for delays greater 63 bit (the propagation
delay is the algebraic sum of TA and TO)

When activating the SDCCH and later the TCH for that corresponding MS, the evaluated initial TA value
forms part of the layer 1 header downlink, the initial TO is used BTS-internally.

If the average of the deviation exceeds 1 bit period (48/13 µs) in comparison to the TA confirmed by the MS
(contained in every uplink SACCH header information), the previously ordered TA is
incremented/decremented by one and sent as new ordered TA in the layer 1 header downlink to MS. As
previously mentioned TA cannot exceed 63 bit. TO is used internally for processing further delay in case of
extended cells. Note that TO may only be greater then 0 when TA has the maximum value 63.

In extended cells all control and signalling channels must be defined in extended (double) mode.

Parameters for Extended Cell Configuration

Specification Name Object/ DB Name Range Meaning

Package

CELL_TYPE BTS/BTSB CELLTYPE STDCELL maximum range 35 km

UMBCELL a cell covering other cells
EXTCELL maximum range 100 km

EXTENDED_MODE CHAN EXTMODE TRUE defines if a channel is used in

FALSE extended mode or not

Fig. 20

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4Exercises

Exercise 1: Creation of RFC in SBS

The object in SBS configuration language specifying a RFC is called TRX (transceiver).

Take the UMN: BSC-CML (command list) for checking the input parameter required.

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Solutions

Exercise 1

CREATE TRX:NAME=BSC:0/bts:0/trx:0, TRXFREQ=75, PWRRED=0, RADIOMR=OFF,

RADIOMG=254, MOEC=TRUE, TRXAREA=NONE;

the parameter are specified as following:

BSC: BSC number to the related OMC 0 ... 47

bts: BTS/CELL number to the related BSC 0 ... 119

trx: TRX number to the related cell 0 ... 6

TRXFREQ: TRX-frequency - ARFCN 0 ... 1023

PWRRED: Power reduction [0...12 dB in steps of 2 dB] for decrease 0 ... 6

max. transmit power

RADIOMR: Radio measurement reports from TRXto the BSC ON / OFF

RADIOMG: Granularity of radio measurement reports in 0 ... 254

steps of 1 SACCH multiframe

MOEC Member of emergency configuration TRUE / FALSE

TRXAREA: Configuration of concentric cells NONE /

COMPLETE /
INNER

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