CHAPTER 1

OSBORNE REYNOLDS
1.1 PURPOSE
The purpose of this practicum is to analyze the type of flow in the pipe and
Classify the types of flow based on The Reynold number.

1.2 BASIC THEORY

The characteristics and type of flow profile in a closed channel are factors Im-
portant in the fluid flow process. The types of flow profiles that occur are distinguished
into laminar, transitional and turbulent flow (Munson, 2005).
To find out the characteristics of the flow profile in a fluid, you can use two
methods, the first observation and the second calculation. Observations can be made
by looking at the flow movements that occur. The flow that occurs forms a regular
trajectory for laminar flow and irregular flow for turbulent flow. Meanwhile, the
calculation can use the Reynolds number equation

Figure 1.1
(Source: sanggapramana.wordpress.com)
The Reynolds number in the channel passing through the channel can be
calculated through the equation:
𝑢×𝐷×𝜌
Re = ……………………….(1.1)
𝜇
𝑣
Q = 𝑡 ……………………………(1.2)

Where:
Q = Fluid Debid (m3/2);
V = Volume Of Fluid (m3);
Re = Reynolds Number.
µ = Viscosity (kg /m.s) or (N.s/m2)
D = Diameter Pipe (m)
𝜌 = Density of fluid (Kg/m3)
Reynold also made the classification of flows into several types, that are:
a. Laminar flow : Re < 2300
b. Turbulent flow : Re < 4000
c. Transition flow :2300 < Re < 4000
1.3 PRACTICUM TOOL
The following are the tools needed during practicum:
a. Osborne Reynolds Apparatus;
b. Graduated Cylinder;
c. Stopwatch;
d. Ink;

Figure 1.2 Osborn Reynolds Apparatus Figure 1.3 Graduated Cylinder

Figure 1.4 Stopwatch Figure 1.5 Ink

1.4 PRACTICUM PROCEDURE
The following is a procedure practicum:
a. Prepare the tools that will be used in practicum and put the ink into the ink
reservoir;
b. Pour water into the Osborn Reynolds tube to taste;
c. Open the center valve slowly carefully, and let it flow statically with no air
bubbles;
d. Open the ink valve to flow down into the pipe and make sure the flow is stable
then open the valve;
e. Pay attention to the ink flow, then group it as described in the basic theory;
f. Hold the water that has been removed in a measuring cup, then calculate the
volume and time needed;
g. Record the volume and time it takes until it is fully charged ;
h. Repeat steps C to G if in the experiment the transition and turbulent flow types
do not meet the requirements.

1.5 PRACTICUM RESULT

The following are the results of the practicum.
1.5.1 PRACTICUM DATA
The following is the practicum data obtained.
Table 1.1 Osborne Reynolds Laminar Flow Practicum Data
Pipe diameter Volume Time
Attempts
(m) (m³) (s)
1 0.025 0,001 47.66
2 0.025 0,001 47.07
2 0.025 0,001 46.08

Table 1.2 Osborne Reynolds Transition Flow Practicum Data

Pipe diameter Volume Time
Attempts
(m) (m³) (s)
1 0.025 0,001 13.28
2 0.025 0,001 13.75
2 0.025 0,001 13.49
Table 1.3 Osborne Renolds Tubulent Flow Practicum Data
Pipe diameter Volume Time
Attampts
(m) (m³) (s)
1 0.025 0,001 7.21
2 0.025 0,001 7.1
3 0.025 0,001 8.57

1.5.2 PRACTIKUM DATA CALCULATION

Cross
Average
Section Velocity Reynolds Type of
Attempts Discharge Verification
Area (m/s) Numbers flow
(m3/s)
(m2)

2.131 ×
1 0.00049 0.043 1086 Laminar
10-6

7.405 ×
2 0.00049 0.151 3773 Transition
10-6

13.208 ×
3 0.00049 0.269 6730 Turbulent
10-6

This is the calculation for this practicum;

𝑉
a. Average Discharge (Q) =
𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒
0.001
=
46.94
 = 0.00002131 m3/s;
1
b. Area (A) = × π × d2
4
1
= 4 × 3.14 × 0.0252
= 0.00049 m2;
𝑄
c. Velocity (V) =
𝐴
0,00002131
=
0,00049

= 0,043 m/s;
𝑉 × 𝐷 ×𝜌
d. Reynolds Numbers (Re) =
𝜇
0.043 ×0.025 ×1000
=
0.001
` = 1086.

1.6 CONLUSION

a. The first flow is laminar with a Reynolds number of 1086;

b. The second stream is a transition with the Reynolds number 3773;
c. the third stream is Turbulent with Reynolds number 6730.

1.7 ERROR FACTOR

The following are the error factors that can occur in the practicum:
a. It is inaccurate when measuring flow rates by filling a measuring cup with
water;
b. Incorrect time counting when the flow has not stabilized but it has been
calculated with a stopwatch;
c. Errors in observation and recording will affect the final result.

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