REP.

ACT 1425
● Rizal Law - If you're a catholic, pwede mong hindi pag aralan ung topic na Noli Me tangere at El Fili
● the subject is not about Rizal itself rather it obliges us to study other works and lifes of other heroes
IMPORTANT THINGS IN 19TH CENTURY PHILIPPINES:
1. Social Structure - feudalistic / feudalism means there is a master and there is a slave
 mababa ang tingin sa mga pilipino "indios"
 kokonti ang illustrados (mga nakapag aral) sa pilipinas - medicine, law
 The Filipinos in the 19th century had suffered from feudalistic and master slave relationship
by the Spaniards.
2. Political system
3. Frailocracia
4. The sources of weakness and abuses of the government
5. Educational system
SOCIAL CLASSIFICATIONS OF THE PHIL. IN 19TH CENTURY
1. Highest class:
 Spaniards
 Peninsulares - didn’t choose to live in the Philippines
 Insulares - choose to live in the Philippines
 Friars - interferes with the policy of the state there are religous group or sectors that uses
black voting
2. Middle class:
 Natives, mestizos, chinese or spanish - criolles?
 mixed blood, half filipino/half spanish
3. Lowest class
 filipinos only
POLITICAL SYSTEM
1. Appointment of Officials - maappoint ka lang pag close ka sa mga governor general
2. Interference of church to the state – pagsinabi ng church
3. Manner of obtaining the position - kahit di ka qualified as long as close ka sa king of spain or other
officials pwede ka maging part ng gobyerno
● "appointed officials" - hindi tayo directly inuutusan ng king of spain, may process ng pag
mamandate satin
● governor general ang namumuno sa Pilipinas
4. Term of office
5. Distance of the colony
FRAILOCRACIA - church leaders - church exercise more power than the government - a government
controlled by the friars

SOURCES OF WEAKNESS OF THE GOV

1. encomienda system - "reward system"
● giving partial of lands to the faithful servants of the spanish government - pagaari ng mga
espanyol ang karamihan sa kalupaan sa pilipinas
2. master-slave relationship - feudalistic approach
3. Polo y servicio - forced labor by the spaniards - pinagsisilbihan ang spanish government
● maeexempt ka pag nakapah bayad ka ng buwis called falla
● "Falla" - buwis na binabayad
EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM
● Spaniards came to the Philippines to teach us their religious doctrines
● uses spanish language as a medium of teaching Educational decree of 1863
● separate schools for boys and girls - nakakapag aral lang ang may mga pera
● mayaman si rizal kaya nakapag aral sya
 ● ung mga books and other materials like el fili and noli are being censored para di malaman ung
kagaguhan ng spaniards

MOST SERIOUS CRITICISMS AGAINST SPANISH EDUC SYSTEM:

● overemphasis on religion
● limited irrelevant curriculum
● obsolete classroom facilities
● inadequate teaching materials
● absence of academic freedom
EDUCATIONAL DECREE 1863
 Each major in the colony was to established at least one elementary (school for boys and another one for
girls)
 Books and other materials has to pass rigid censorship by the Church and Civil Authorities.

CHILDHOOD YEARS IN CALAMBA

● Cradle of Genius – Calamba, Laguna
● Aya – maid because of his failed health
● Birdwatching – creative and imaginative mind of Rizal
● Mother – his first teacher that taught him alphabet
● Angelus Prayer – Catholic techings and values
● Manong Jose – he can read the Bible at the age of 5
● Nocturnal walk – artistic talents
● First sorrow – death of his young sister (Concha)
● Leon Monroy – Rizal’s tutor
● Pilgrimage to Antipolo – June 6, 1968 (mother’s vow)
● “Sa Aking Mga Kabata” – first poem, love for one’s language
● Arts and Magic – artistic and imaginative minds, puppetry

INFLUENCES ON HERO’S BOYHOOD

● Hereditary Influence – Filipino, Chinese, Spanish, Japanese
● Environmental Influence
a. Calamba
b. Prayers at home
c. Paciano – love of freedom
d. Sisters – love to women
e. Maid (Aya) – folklore and legends
f. Uncle – love of books, paintings, sports
● Aid of Divine Providence
a. Love for God
b. Good in business, arts, medicine, literature, sports

EARLY EDUCATION IN CALAMBA AND BIÑAN

● Jose Protacio Rizal Mercardo y Alonso Realonda
a. He was born in June 19, 1861
b. Baptized on June 22, 1861
c. At the age of three, he already knows the alphabet
d. He is very religious which he inherited to his family
e. Uncle of Rizal – Uncle Jose Alberto, Uncle Manuel, Uncle Gregorio
● First teachers in Calamba
 a.
Doña Teodora
b.
Maestro Celestino – Rizal’s first private tutor
c.
Maestro Lucas Padua – Rizal’s second tutor
d.
Maestro Leon Monroy – a former classmate of Rizal’s father who became Rizal’s tutor that
instructed him in Spanish and Latin
● Education in Biñan
a. Rizal left Calamba (June 1869) for Biñan accompanied by Paciano
b. June 1869 – start his schooling in Biñan
c. One of his problem is homesickness
d. First day in Biñan school
e. Best student in Schol
f. Mestro Justiniano Aquino Cruz – teacher in a Biñan private school
g. Pedro – the teacher’s son which challenged Rizal to fight
h. Juancho-an – freely give Rizal painting and drawing lessons
i. Christmas in 1870 – Rizal received a letter from his sister Saturnina, informing him of the arrival of
the steamer Talim which would take him from Biñan to Calamba
j. Arturo Camps – a Frenchman friend of his father who took care of him on board
k. 4 Rs – Reading, wRiting, aRithmetic, ReligionB

SIBLINGS OF RIZAL
● Francisco Mercado
a) Ang nunong lalaki niya isang intsik na si Domingo Lang-co
b) Innupuhan ang portion ng land ng Prayleng Dominko malapit sa baybayin ng lawa
c) Sinsabi na sa kanya naman nu Rizal ang malayang pagiisip. 
 Naiatas ng mga otoridad sa kaniya ang surname na Mercado na minana niya sa pagiging intsik. Pero
ipinasinaya niya na gamitin ang apeliyidong Rizal na galing sa salitang kastila na racial na ang ibig
sabihin ay bukid na luntian o green field dahil isa siyang magsasaka. 
● Donya Teodora Alonzo
a) Ay may lahing Hapones mula sa kaniyang nunong babae na anak ng isang Hapones na si
Eugenio Ursua o Ochoa.
b) Ang kanyang ama na si Loremzo Alberto ay isang inhenyero na tumanggap ng Titulong
Ceballero de lan Gran Orden de Isabel la Catolica.
c) Isa siyang mahusay na guro ng ating bayani
● Saturnina Hidalgo
B: June 4 1850, Calamba Laguna
D: September 14, 1913 age 63 Batanagas
Spouse: Manuel Hidalgo
a) 1909, She published the first Tagalog/Filipino version transalation of her brother’s revolutionary
novel Noli Me Tangere
b) She begged for Rizal to remedy the political situation of her husband who was exiled because of
his alliance with Jose Rizal. Bohol
c) She helped educate rizal with her mother and stood as his second mother when Dona Teodora
was detained.
d) She has five children: Alfredo, Adela, Abelardo, Amelia and Augusto
e) She married Manuel Hidalgo.
● Paciano Mercado Rizal
 B: March 9, 1851
D: April 12, 1930 aged 79 Los Banos
a) Founding member of La Juventud Liberal (The Liberal Youth).
b) He joined several propaganda movements for social reforms and a reformist newspaper called
Diariong Tagalog 
c) A brigadier general of the revolutionary forces, elected as Secretary of Finance in the
Departmental Government of Central Luzon
d) Helped Jose Rizal study in Europe 
e) Ayaw mag-selfie
f) Mas pogi siya kay Rizal in his height of about 5 7 to 5 9, May chismis pa nga na hinidi nakasya
yung bangay niya sa kabaong
g) Siya tumulong kay Rizal na mag-aral sa Binan. Siya rin ang tumulong para makapsok si Rizal sa
unibersisdad.
h) Lived with Dr. Jose Burgos
i) Nung binitay ang tatlong pari, he was denied of taking the examination because of his connection
to P. Burgos.
j) November 1986, he was arrested with Jose rizal to extract evidence fro Jise that he was part of
the revolution. Paciano as tortured for two days
● Narcisa Mercado Rizal
B: October 29, 1852
D: June 24, 1939 86 yo
a) known as the most helpful sibling of Rizal
b) Also helped Jose Rizal’s education in Europe 
c) Married to Antonio Lopez. 
d) She searched for a place where the authorities buried Rizal without coffin
● Olympia Mercado Rizal Ubaldo 
B: 1855
D: 1887 childbirth
a) Married to Silvestre Ubaldo, a telegraph operator in Manila
b) Had three children and died at the childbirth
c) Mahilig asarin ni Rizal.
● Lucia Mercado Rizal
B: 1857
D: 1919
a) Known as the Partaker of the Hero’s Sufferings
b) Charged of inciting people not to pay rents
c) Her husband, Mariano, was denied to have a catholic burial
d) Her children are known for the three women of have sewn and seamed the Philippine National
Flag.
● Maria Mercado Rizal
 B: 1859
D: 1945
a) Jose Rizal told Maria about his plan on marrying Josephine Bracken
b) Known as the Rizal’s Confidant
c) Married to Daniel Faustino Cruz
● Concepcion Mercado Rizal
B: 1862 
D: 1865 
a) The Heros’ First Grief
b) Most loved sister of Pepe
c) He later wrote in his memoir, “When I was four years old, I lost my little sister Concha, and then
for the first time I shed tears caused by love and grief.”
● Josefa Rizal
B: 1865
D: 1945
a) Known as the Katipunera
b) Elected as president of katipunan in women’s section
c) Praised by Pepe for nearly mastering the English Language
● Trinidad Mercado Rizal 
B: 1868
D: 1951
a) The Custodian of The Hero’s Greatest Poem
b) She was advised by Pepe to religiously read.
c) She Joined Jose in Dapitan with their mother in Casa Cuadrada. 
● Soledad Rizal
B: 1870
D: 1929
a) The hero’s controversial sister
b) Praised by Jose Rizal by being the most educated in the family
c) Has five children with Pantaleon Quintero

SCHOLASTIC TRIUMPHS AT ATENEO DE MANILA

● Ateneo Municipal – a college under the supervision of the Spanish Jesuits
● Escuala Pia (charity school) – formerly name of Ateneo, a school fro poor boys in Manila which was
established by the city government in 1817
● Escuala Pia to Ateneo de Municipal to Ateneo de Manila
● June 10, 1872 – Rizal accompanies by Paciano went to Manila
● Father Magin Ferrando – was the college registrar, refuse to admit Rizal in Ateneo for 2 reasons: (1) late
for registration (2) he was sickly and undersized for his age
● Manuel Xerez Burgos – nephew of Father Burgos, Rizal was admitted to Ateneo
● Jose was the first of his family to adopt the surname Rizal. He registered under this name at Ateneo
 because their family name “Mercado” had come under the suspision of the Spanish authorities.
● Rizal was first boarded in a houde outside Intramuros, on Carabello street

JESUITS SYSTEM OF EDUCATION

● Trained by rigid discipline and religious instructions
● Student were divided into groups:
a. Roman Empire – consists of Internos (boarders), red banner
b. Carthaginian Empire – compoed of externos (non-boarders), blue banner
 Rankings:
a) Emperor – the best student in each empire
b) Tribune – the second best
c) Decurion – the third best
d) Centurion – the fourt best
e) Stand-bearer – the fifth best
● The Ateneo students in Rizal’s time wore a uniform which consisted of “hemp-fabric trousers” and
“striped cotton coat” called rayadillo.

FIRST YEAR IN ATENEO (1872 – 1873)

● Father Jose Bech – Rizal’s first professor in Ateneo
● Rizal goes to Sta. isabel College to learn Spanish for 3 pesos; his first poem is “My Inspiration”
● A religious picture – Rizal’s first prize for being the brightest pupil in the class
● At the end of the school year in March 1873, Rizal returned to Calamba for summer vacation
● After vacation, he returned to Manila for his 2nd year term in Ateneo. This time he boarded inside
Intramuros with his landlady named Donya Pepay.

SECOND YEAR IN ATENEO (1873 – 1874)

● At the end of the school year, Rizal receive excellent grades in all subjects and gold medal
● The Count of Monte Cristo by Alexander Dumas – the first favorite nove of Rizal which made deep
impression on him
● Universal History by Cesar Cantu – Rizal persuaded his father to buy him this set of historical work
that was a great aid in his studies
● Rizal was impressed in Dr Feodor Jagor’s book, Travels in Philippines, because of (1) Jagor’s keen
observations of the defects of Spanish colonozations (2) His prophecy that someday Spain would lose
the Philippines and that America would come to succeed her colonizer

THIRD YEAR IN ATENEO (1874 – 1875)

● Rizal remained having excellent grades in all subject and one medal in Latin
● At the end of the school year, Rizal returned to Calamba for the summer vacation. He himself was not
impressed by his scholastic work.

FOURTH YEAR IN ATENEO (1876 – 1877)

● June 16, 1875 – Rizal became an interno in the Ateneo
● Padre Francisco de Paula Sanchez – a great educator and scholar, one of Rizal’s professors who inspired
him to study harder and to write poetry. Rizal described this professor as “model of uprightness,
earnestness, and love for the enhancement of his pupils”.
● Rizal topped all his classmates in all subjects and won five medals in the year end

LAST YEAR IN ATENEO (1873 – 1874)

● Rizal studies continued to fare well. The most brilliant Atenean of his time, he was truly “the pride of
Jesuits”.
● March 23, 1877 – commencement day of Rizal, who was 16 years old. He received from Ateneo
 Municipal, the degree of Bachelor of Arts with highest honors
● Marian Congregation – religious society where Rizal was an active member and later became the
secretary
● Father Jose Villaciara – advised Rizal to stop communing with the Muse and pay more attention to more
practical studies
● Rizal studied painting under the famous Spanish painter, Agustin Saez, and scuplture, romualdo Dela
Cruz
● Rizal carved an Image of the Virgin Mary on a piece of batkuling, Philippine hardwood, with his
pocket-knife
● Father Lleonart – impressed by Rizal’s sculptural talent, requested him to carve for him an Image of
Sacred Heart of Jesus

ANECDOTES ON RIZAL, THE ATENEAN

● Felix M Roxas – one of Rizal’s contemporaries in Ateneo, related of Rizal’s schooldays in Ateneo
which reveals hero’s resignation to pain and forgiveness.
● Manuel Xerez Burgos – this anecdotes illustrates Rizal’s attitude to help the helpless at the risk of his
own life

POEMS WRITTEN IN ATENEO

● It was Doña Teodora who was first discovered the poetic genius of her son, and it was also she who first
encouraged him to write poems. However, it was Father Sanchez who inspired Rizal to make full use of
his God-given gift in poetry.
● Mi Primera Inspiracion (My First Inspiration) – first poem of Rizal (1874) where he wrote it during his
days in Ateneo and was dedicated to his mother on his birthday.
● In 1875, inspired by Father Sanchez, Rizal wrote more poems like:
a. Felicitation
b. The Departure: Hymn to Magellan’s Fleet
c. And He is Spanish: Elcano, the First to Circumnavigate the World)
d. The Battle: Urbiztondo, Terror of Jolo)
● In 1876, Rizal wrote poems about religion, education, childhood memories and war
a. In Memory of My Town – a tender poem in honor of Calamba, the hero’s town
b. Intimate Alliance Between Religion and Good Education – Rizal shoed the importance of religion
in education
c. Through Education, the Country receives Light – Rizal believed in the significant role which
education plays in the progress and welfare of the nation
d. The Captivity and the Triumph: Battle of Lucena and the Imprisonment of Boadbil – the martial
poem describes the defeat and capture of Boabdil. Last Moorish sultan of Granada
e. The Triumphal Entry of the Catholic Monarchs into Granada – this poem relates the victorious
entry of King Ferdinand and Queen Isabel into Granada, last Moorish stronghold in Spain
● In 1877, Rizal wrote more poems as it was his last years in Ateneo. Here are:
a. The Heroism of Columbus – poem praises Columbus, discoverer of America
b. Columbus and John II – poem that relates how King John II of Portugal missed fame and riches by
his failure to finance the projected expedition of Columbus to the New World
c. Great Solace in Great Misfortune – this is a legend in verse of the tragic life of Columbus
d. A Farewell Dialogue of the Students – this was the last poem written by Rizal in Ateneo; it is a
poignant poem of farewell to his classmate
● To the Child Jesus – brief ode written when he was 14
● To the Virgin Mary – another religious poem
● St. Eustace, the Martyr – drama based on the prose story of St. Eustace

RIZAL IN EUROPE
● School where Rizal went: UST Ateneo Municipal Illustrados
 - mga filipino na pumunta ng ibang bansa para mag aral
* Rizal wants to be an ophthalmologist
* Rizal went to Europe to study ophthalmology
* He wants to see what is happening in Spain (because we are being lead by the viceroy of Mexico?)
* Rizal wants to tell what is happening in our country to the Central Spain [ Rizal just wants a Reform
from the Spanish government hindi yung total freedom kasi he knows na wala pang kakayahan ang
Pilipinas na mag lead as a country ]
● He meet different illustrado in Spain -> La Liga Filipina Rizal's concept of la liga filipina:
1. Hiwa hiwalay ang Pilipinas, mga islands ung mga lugar. *metro manila na ang centro ng kalakalan -
Intramuros-> pinaka centro ng kalakan ayon sa mga Spanish kaya kinulong nila yon sa mga walls *
2. Mutual protection - magiging discipline ang mga tao pag binibigyan sila ng governmeng ng
pangangailangan nila?
3. Ung mga kasulatan ni rizal ay hindi lang naka centro sa paghahari ng spain sa bansa kundi sa mga
maling kagagawaan nila lalo na ng simabahang katolika.
4. Nakita ni rizal kung gano kacivilized ang europe kaya gusto nya fin mangyare yon sa pilipinas
5. He knows that we are not ready to live on our own Ung simabahang katolika ay palaging
nangingielam sa mga gawain ng government

RIZAL IN EUROPE GRAND EUROPE TOUR FIRST HOMECOMING SECOND TRAVEL ABROAD
Rizal in Europe
 May 3, 1882 – he left for Spain to complete his studies
 May 9, 1882 – the Djemmah had a stopover at Singapore.
 September 16, 1882 – he met and befriended Consuelo Ortiga Y Rey
 the daughter of Don Pablo Ortiga y Rey, the Spanish liberal and former mayor of Manila who
became vice-president of the Council of the Philippines in the Ministry of Colonies. He grew
admiring her despite the fact that he has a fiancee left in the Philippines and that is Leonor
Rivera.
 November 3, 1882 – he enrolled at the Universidad Central de Madrid
 February 13, 1893 – lunch and dinner at Paternos
 1885 – finish his two courses in Madrid and went to Paris
 November 1885 to February 1886 – he worked as an assistant to Dr. Louis de Weckert.
 February 3, 1886 – he left Paris for Heidelberg, Germany
 November 1886 – he went to Berlin to enhance his skills knowledge in ophthalmology
 February 21, 1887 – finished his first novel Noli Me Tangere
Grand Europe tour
 Afterwards, they went to Ulm and climbed the Germany’s tallest cathedral
 They also went to Stuttgart, Baden and Rheinfall where they saw the Europe most beautiful waterfalls
 They toured Schaffhausen, Basel, Bern and Lausanne before staying in Geneva for 15 days
 June 18,1887 – Rizal treated Viola for it was his 26th Birthday
 In Italy, he went to see Turin, Milan, Florence and Rome
 June 29, 1887 – he had seen the famous edifices like St. Peter’s Church in Vatican
First Homecoming
 July 3, 1887 – from a French port in Marseilles, he boarded the steamer Djemmah
 Rizal then took the streamer Haiphong and reached Manila near midnight of August 5, 1887
 August 8, 1887 – he returned to Calamba, Laguna
 He restored his mother eyesight, he began to be dubbed as German Doctor or Doctor Uliman
 He was summoned by the governor-General Emilio Terrero, because of his enemy’s allegations that his
novel contained subversive ideas.
 December 1887 – the Calamba folks asked Rizal’s assistance in collecting information asregards
Dominican hacienda management.
Second travel abroad
 February 3, 1888 – Rizal sailed to Hong Kong onboard Zafiro and stayed inside the ship during its short
stops at Amoy.
 He stayed at Victoria Hotel on Hong Kong and visited the nearby City which is Macao for two days
along with his friend, Jose Maria Basa
 February 28, 1888 – he reached Yokohama, Japan, and proceeded to Tokyo the next day
 He lived in Spanish legation in Tokyo upon the invitation of its secretary, Juan Perez Caballero
 March 1888 – heard a Tokyo band nicely playing European music and was astonished to find out some
of its members were Filipino.
 He was amused by a Japanese girl who would pass by the legation every day. The 23-year old Seiko
Usui whom he fondly called “o-sei-san” became his tour guide and later on they became sweetheart.
Sail to west
 April 13, 1888 – Belgic
 April 28, 1888 – Tetcho Suehiro, docked at San Francisco, CA
 May 4, 1888 – quarantined because of Cholera outbreak
 May 6, 1888 – Oakland, California
 May 13, 1888 – New York – he called it Big Town, Statue of liberty
 May 16, 1888 – New York to Liverpool
In Great Britain
 May 24, 1888 – Liverpool, England
 May 25, 1888 – London, he met Beckett Family and Gertrude
 June 1888 – Dr. Renhold Rozt, Una Perla de Hombre which means a pearl of a man
 September 1888 – go to Paris, met Luna Family
 December 11, 1888 – Spain, he met Marcelo del Pilar and Mariano Ponce
 December 24, 1888 – London, Christmas and New Year
 December 31, 1888 – Rizal becomes the leader of the association La Solidaridad
 February 15, 1889 – Graciano Lopez founded La Solidaridad in Barcelona
 March 25, 1889 – Los Agricultores Filipinos which means Filipino farmers
 March 19, 1889 – Rizal farewell to the kind of Beckett Family
 August 7, 1891 – M.H. Del Pilar wrote begging forgiveness to Rizal
In France
 March 19, 1889 – Kidlat Club
 May 1889 – Valentine Ventura, and Polished annotated edition of Morga’s Book
 June 24, 1889 – Maria de Paz, Blanca, Laureana, Hermenegilda Juana Luna y Pardo de Taveral
 May 6, 1889 – opening of Universal Exposition of Paris, Eiffel Tower
 Sociedad R.D.L.M
 Redencion de los Malayos (redemption of the Malays)
 Rizal’s outstanding achievement in Paris was publication of annotated edition of Antonio de Morga’s
‘Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas’
JOSE RIZAL IN BELGIUM, IN MADRID, IN BIARRITZ, PARIS AND BRUSSELS
In Belgium
 January 28, 1890 with Jose Albert
 Live in boarding house on 38 Rue Philippe Champagne, which was run by two Jacoby sisters, Suzanne
and Marie
 He was busy writing his second novel
 Wrote articles for La Solidaridad
 Sobre la Nueva Ortografia de la Lengua Tangala (The New Orthography of the Tagalog
Language)
 Writing letters to his family and friends
  The Calamba agrarian trouble was getting worse
 The Dominican order failed a suit in court to disposes the Rizal family of their lands in Calamba
Articles published in La Solidaridad
 A La Defensa – To la Defensa, April 30, 1889
 La Verde Para Todas – the truth for All, May 31, 1889
 Vicente Barrantes – Teatro Tagala, June 15, 1889
 Una Profancion – A Profanation, July 31, 1889
 Verdades Nuevas – New Truths, July 31, 1889
 Crueldad – Cruelty, August 15, 1889
 Differencias – Differences, September 15, 1889
 Inconsequencias – Inconsequences, November 30, 1889
 Llanto y Risas – Tears and laughers, November 30, 1889
 Ingratitudes – Ingratitude, January 15, 1890
 Rizal left Paris for Brussels, capital of Belgium
In Madrid
 August 1890
 El Resumen and La Epoca
 Death of Jose Ma. Panganiban
 Duel with Antonio Luna
 Duel with Wenceslao Retana
 Infidelity of Leonor Rivera
 Rizal-Del Pilar Rivalry
In Biarritz, Paris, and Brussels
 February 1891
 Nellie Boustead his lover in Biarritz
 March 29, 1891 – he finished the manuscript of El Filibusterismo
 March 30, 1891 – he had its farewell to the family of Boustead
 April 4, 1891 – wrote a letter to his friend Jose Ma. Basa in Hong Kong
 Mid of April 1891 – he was back in Brussels
 May 1, 1891 – Rizal notified the Propaganda Movement to cancel his monthly allowance and devote the
money to some better cause
 May 30, 1891 – revision of the finished manuscript of El Filibusterismo was mostly completed
 June 13, 1891 – informed Basa that he is already negotiating with a printing firm
 June 21, he left Brussels for Ghent
In Ghent
 July 5, 1891 – Jose Rizal went to Ghent
 Jose Alejandro and Edilberto Evangelista – both are engineering students in the University of Ghent
 F. Meyer-Van Loo Press, No. 66 Viananderen Street
 August 9, 1891 – printing of El Filibusterismo was suspended
 September 18, 1891 – El Filibusterismo came off the press through Valentin Ventura’s Savific Act
In Hong Kong and Sandakan
 October 1891 – Rizal left Europe
 November 20, 1891 – His arrival in Hong Kong and resided in No. 5 D’ Aguilar Street, no. Rednaxela
Terrace
 Don Francisco, Paciano and Silvestre Ubaldo also arrives in Hong Kong, shortly after, Dona Teodora,
Lucia, Josefa, and Trinidad followed
 Dr. Lorenzo P. Marques – Rizal’s Portuguese friend
 March 1892 – Rizal went to Sandakan (East Malaysia)
 March 21, 1892 – Rizal asked Governor-General Eulogio Despujol through a letter
  April 1892 – Rizal was back in Hong Kong
Second Homecoming
 June 21, 1892 - Rizal left Hong Kong along with his sister Lucia
 June 26, 1892 – He and his sister arrived in Manila at noon
 June 27, 1892 – he took a train and visited his friends in Central Luzon.
 June 28, 1892 – Rizal returned to Manila at 5pm
 June 29, 30, and July 3, 1892 – he had other interviews with Despujol
 July 14, 1892 – Rizal was brought at 12:30 am to the steamer Cebu
 July 17, 1892 – the vessel docked at Dapitan in Zamboanga del Norte

● Why did Rizal got arrested?

- Because of the Catholic Church. Rizal knows how powerful they are rather than the Spanish
Government
 Exile - punishment na pinapataw para ilayo sa family Pinatapon sya sa Dapitan, Zamboanga del
Norte
o bumili si Rizal ng lupain sa dapitan for 14pesos
o Nanalo sa lotto si Rizal
o may mga pera syang na invest for business
o Nagutos sya na bumili ng bahay sa Binondo Educator - naging teacher si rizal 16 boys
ang students nya (math, philo, language, business&skills) informal education
Agriculturist & businessman - pinagkakitaan nya ung mga lupa nyang binili, tinuruan nya
mag harvest ang mga tao don at tinuruan nya ng fishing Businessman - naggawa sya ng
leggings Inventor - nag invent sya ng lighter?
o Gumawa si rizal ng Co-op
● Arrest, Trial, nd Martrydom:
- KKK = Kataastaasan, Kagalanggalang Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan (Government ng
Philippines?)
- Hindi pa panahon para makipaglahan
● Pano nalaman ng Simbahan ang binabalak ng mga katipunero:
Nagtalo sila Patinyo at Dela Cruz nalaman ng kapatid ni Patinyo na nasa kumbento at kwinento nya ang
binabalak ng mga katipunero na pag rerevolution
● Classification ng mga Katipunero
- Katipon - Kawal - Bayani
* May secret code (isa sa mga code nila ay: Jose Rizal) sila para malaman kung sino ang kabilang sa
katipunan
-> dahil dito nalaman na katipon si Rizal -> Dinakip si Rizal at nalaman ung mga kagagawan nya
tulad ng pagsulat nya ng libro na tumataliwas sa Simbahan.
-> Ung mga bintang kay Rizal ay hindi nya tinanggi at sinabi nyang yun ang ginawa nya kaya
hinatulan sya ng kamatay ng 7am. Binaril sya anonymously.
-> Ito ang naging dahilan ni Bonifacio para mag revolution dahil sa kamatayan ng GomBurZa at
ni Rizal.
Rizal’s concept of the nation in La Liga Filipina
1. To unite the whole archipelago into one, compact, vigorous, and homogenous body
2. Mutual protection in every want and necessity
3. Defense against all violence and injustice
4. Encouragement of instruction, agriculture, and commerce
5. Study and application of reforms
Rizal’s contribution in Dapitan
 Challenging the Religion
 Careers and Contributions
1) As a physician
2) As an engineer
3) As an educator
4) As an agricultural
5) As a businessman
6) As an investor
7) As a scientist