Scribd

Upload a Document
Search Documents

d o cu m en tco lectio n sico n

p u b lish ersico n

d o cu m en tsico n

scrib d p ag esico n

u serico n

Explore

T ri_ 1 x 6
 Documents
· Books - Fiction

· Books - Non-fiction

· Health & Medicine

· Brochures/Catalogs

· Government Docs

· How-To Guides/Manuals

· Magazines/Newspapers

· Recipes/Menus

· School Work

· + all categories

· Featured

· Recent

· People
· Authors

· Students

· Researchers

· Publishers

· Government & Nonprofits

· Businesses

· Musicians
 · Artists & Designers

· Teachers

· + all categories

· Most Followed

· Popular

· Sign Up

· |

· Log In

· 1
First Page
Previous Page
Next Page
/ 17
Sections not available
Zoom Out
Zoom In
Fullscreen
Exit Fullscreen
Select View Mode
View Mode
BookSlideshowScroll
Readcast
Add a Comment
Embed & Share
Reading should be social! Post a message on your social networks to let others know what you're
reading. Select the sites below and start sharing.

T ran sp aren t

Readcast this Document

Login to Add a Comment

Share & Embed

Add to Collections
Download this Document for Free
Auto-hide: on

* html div#toolbar { position: absolute; bottom: auto; left:

expression((document.documentElement.clientWidth - 1010) / 2 + 'px' ); top:
expression((document.documentElement.clientHeight +
(x=document.documentElement.scrollTop)) - 46 + 'px' ); }
.autogen_class_views_documents_fourgen_toolbar div#toolbar { margin-left: -505px; left: 50%;
position: fixed; bottom: 0px; } * html div#exit_fs_button { position: absolute; bottom: auto;
right: 0px; top: 0px; } .autogen_class_views_documents_fourgen_exit_full_screen_button
div#exit_fs_button { right: 0px; position: fixed; top: 0px; } .pageflip { border: 1px solid gray;
background-color: white; -webkit-box-shadow: none; -webkit-transform-style: preserve-3d;
-webkit-animation-name: pageflip; -webkit-animation-duration: 0.6s; -webkit-transform-origin:
0% 0%; -webkit-backface-visibility: hidden; } @-webkit-keyframes pageflipForward { 0% {
-webkit-transform: rotateY(0deg) skewY(0deg); -webkit-animation-timing-function: ease-in; }
100% { -webkit-transform: rotateY(-90deg) skewY(-12deg); -webkit-animation-timing-function:
linear; } } @-webkit-keyframes pageflipBackward { 0% { -webkit-transform: rotateY(-90deg)
skewY(-12deg); -webkit-animation-timing-function: ease-in; } 100% { -webkit-transform:
rotateY(0deg) skewY(0deg); -webkit-animation-timing-function: ease-out; } }
Ads by Google
Morse Browning USGM
Worm, Helical/Helical Bevel Gearing
Unmatched Reliability & Selection
www.emerson-ept.com
Infiniti FX
with 7-speed Transmission
Book a Test Drive Now
Infiniti-me.com
Industrial Gearboxes
We stock and repair, David Brown,
Radicon, Renold, Holroyd, Hansen...
www.sheffield-transmission.com
Rebuild Your Transmission
Hard to find transmission parts.
For cars dating back to 1933
www.nwtparts.com
Automatic Transmission
How Automatic Transmissions Work
1. Introduction to How Automatic Transmissions Work
If you have ever driven a car with an automatic transmission, then you know that there are two
big
differences between an automatic transmission and a manual transmission:
There is no clutch pedal in an automatic transmission car.
There is no gear shift in an automatic transmission car. Once you put the transmission into
drive, everything else is automatic.
Both the automatic transmission (plus its torque converter) and a manual transmission (with its
clutch
) accomplish exactly the same thing, but they do it in totally different ways. It turns out that
the way an automatic transmission does it is absolutely amazing!
The 6L50 transmission is a Hydra-Matic six-speed rear and all-wheel drive automatic
transmission
produced by GM
In this article, we'll work our way through an automatic transmission. We'll start with the key to
the whole system: planetary gearsets. Then we'll see how the transmission is put together, learn
how the controls work and discuss some of the intricacies involved in controlling a transmission.
Just like that of a manual transmission, the automatic transmission's primary job is to allow the
engine to operate in its narrow range of speeds while providing a wide range of output speeds.

Automatic Transmission
Without a transmission, cars would be limited to onegear ratio, and that ratio would have to be
selectedto allow the car to travel at the desired top speed. If you wanted a top speed of 80 mph,
then the gear ratio would be similar to third gear in most manual transmission cars.
You've probably never tried driving a manual transmission car using only third gear. If you did,
you'd quickly find out that you had almost no acceleration when starting out, and at high speeds,
the engine would be screaming along near the red-line. A car like this would wear out very
quickly
and would be nearly undriveable.
So the transmission uses gears to make more effective use of the engine'storque, and to keep the
engine operating at an appropriate speed.
The key difference between a manual and an automatic transmission isthat the manual
transmission locks and unlocks different sets ofgears to the output shaft to achieve the various
gear ratios, while in an automatic transmission, the same set of gears produces allof the different
gear ratios. The planetary gearset is the device that makes this possible in an automatic
transmission.
Let's take a look at how the planetary gearset works.
2. Planetary Gearsets & Gear Ratios
When you take apart and look inside an automatic transmission, you find a huge assortment of
parts in a fairly small space. Among other things, you see:
An ingenious planetary gearset
A set of bands to lock parts of a gearset
A set of three wet-plate clutches to lock other parts of the gearset
An incredibly odd hydraulic system that controls the clutches and bands
A large gear pump to move transmission fluid around

Automatic Transmission
The center of attention is theplanetary gearset. About the size of a cantaloupe, this one part
creates all of the different gearratios that the transmission can produce. Everything else in the
transmission is there to help theplanetary gearsetdo its thing. This amazing piece of gearing has
appeared on HowStuffWorks before. You may recognize it from theelectric screwdriverarticle.
An automatic transmission contains two complete planetary gearsets folded together into one
component.
From left to right: the ring gear, planet carrier, and two sun gears
Any planetary gearset has three main components:
Thesun gear
Theplanet gearsand the planet gears'carrier
Thering gear
Each of these three components can be the input, the output or can be held stationary. Choosing
which piece plays which role determines the gear ratio for the gearset. Let's take a look at a
single
planetary gearset.
One of the planetary gearsets from our transmission has a ring gear with 72 teeth and a sun gear
with 30 teeth. We can get lots of different gear ratios out of this gearset.
Also, locking any two of the three components together will lock up the whole device at a 1:1
gear
reduction. Notice that the first gear ratio listed above is areduction--the output speed is slower
than the input speed. The second is anoverdrive--the output speed is faster than the input speed.
The last is a reduction again, but the output direction is reversed.

Automatic Transmission
3. Compound Planetary Gearset
This automatic transmission uses a set of gears, called acompound planetary gearset, that looks
like a single planetary gearset but actually behaves like two planetary gearsets combined. It has
one ring gear that is always the output of the transmission, but it has two sun gears and two sets
of
planets.
Let's look at some of the parts:
How the gears in the transmission are put together
Left to right: the ring gear, planet carrier, and two sun gears
The figure below shows the planets in the planet carrier. Notice how the planet on the right sits
lower than theplanet on the left. The planet on the right does not engage the ring gear--it engages
the other planet. Only the planet on the left engages the ring gear.
Planet carrier: Note the two sets of planets.
Next you can see the inside of the planet carrier. The shorter gears are engaged only by the
smaller
sun gear. The longer planets are engaged by the bigger sun gear and by the smaller planets.

Automatic Transmission
Inside the planet carrier: Note the two sets of planets.
4. Automatic Transmission Gears
First Gear
In first gear, the smaller sun gear is driven clockwise by the turbine in thetorque converter. The
planet carrier tries to spin counterclockwise, but is held still by the one-wayclutch (which only
allows rotation in the clockwise direction) and the ring gear turns the output. The small gear has
30
teeth and the ring gear has 72, so the gear ratio is:
Ratio =-R/S = -72/30 = -2.4:1
Sothe rotation is negative 2.4:1, which means that the output direction would beoppositethe
input direction. But the output direction is really thesameas the input direction--this is where the
trick with the two sets of planets comes in. The first setof planets engages the second set, and the
second set turns the ring gear; this combination reverses the direction. You can see that this
would
also cause the bigger sun gear to spin; but because that clutch is released, the bigger sun gear is
free to spinin the opposite direction of the turbine (counterclockwise).

Automatic Transmission
Second Gear
This transmission does something really neat in order to get the ratio needed for second gear. It
acts like
two planetary gearsets connected to each other with a common planet carrier.
The first stage of the planet carrier actually uses the larger sun gear as the ring gear. So the first
stage
consists of the sun (the smaller sun gear), the planet carrier, and the ring (the larger sun gear).
The input is the small sun gear; the ring gear (large sun gear) is held stationary by the band, and
the output
is the planet carrier. For this stage, with the sun as input, planet carrier as output, and the ring
gear fixed,
the formula is:
1 + R/S = 1 + 36/30 = 2.2:1
The planetcarrier turns 2.2 times for each rotation of the small sun gear. At the second stage, the
planet
carrier acts as the input for the second planetary gear set, the larger sun gear (which is held
stationary) acts
as the sun, and the ring gear acts as the output, so the gear ratio is:
1 / (1 + S/R) = 1 / (1 + 36/72) = 0.67:1
To get the overall reduction for second gear, we multiply the first stage by the second, 2.2 x 0.67,
to get a
1.47:1 reduction. This may sound wacky, but it works.
Third Gear
Most automatic transmissions have a 1:1 ratio in third gear. You'll remember from the previous
section that
all we have to do to get a 1:1 output is lock together any two of the three parts of the planetary
gear. With
the arrangement in this gearset it is even easier--all we have to do is engage the clutches that lock
each of
the sun gears to the turbine.
If both sun gears turn in the same direction, the planet gears lockup because they can only spin in
opposite
directions. This locks the ring gear to the planetsand causes everything to spin as a unit,
producing a 1:1
ratio.
Ads by Google

How Automatic Transmissions Work ?

Download this Document for FreePrintMobileCollectionsReport Document
Report this document?
Please tell us reason(s) for reporting this document
Spam or junk
Porn adult content
Hateful or offensive
If you are the copyright owner of this document and want to report it, please follow these
directions to submit a copyright infringement notice.
Report Cancel

Q u estio n _ sm al

This is a private document.

Info and Rating

Reads:
1,869
Uploaded:
06/18/2009
Category:
How-To Guides/Manuals
Rated:
1 Rating()
Copyright:
Attribution Non-commercial

A trib u tio n _ n o n co m m ercial

Simple understanding of Automatic Transmission

automotive
gear
automatic transmission
transmissions work
works
automotive
gear
automatic transmission
transmissions work
works
(fewer)
Follow
bishal.sonar

Share & Embed

Related Documents
PreviousNext

p.

p.

p.

p.

p.

p.

p.
 p.

p.

p.

p.

p.

p.

p.
 p.

p.

p.

p.

p.

More from this user

PreviousNext

7 p.

17 p.
Recent Readcasters

S an d y K u m ar

M an jetS in g h
 R av iK u m ar

Add a Comment
Submit
Characters: 400
Ads by Google
Morse Browning USGM
Worm, Helical/Helical Bevel Gearing
Unmatched Reliability & Selection
www.emerson-ept.com
Infiniti G Convertible
328 hp 3.7-liter V6 Engine
Book a Test Drive, feel the power
InfinitiGconvertible-me.com
WMH Leadscrews & Gears
Racks , Bevel Gears & Screw Jacks
Linear Guides & Rails Ballscrews
www.wmh-trans.co.uk
Deutz Engines and Parts
Parts for Deutz Engines
Est. 1962 (877) 236-9945
www.memo-omega.com
09A / JF506E Solenoids
Solenoid Kits For 5 Speed Automatic
1-800-293-1848
www.CobraTransmission.com
Rebuild Your Transmission
Hard to find transmission parts.
For cars dating back to 1933
www.nwtparts.com
Industrial Gearboxes
We stock and repair, David Brown,
Radicon, Renold, Holroyd, Hansen...
www.sheffield-transmission.com
Gear Manufacturing
Gear Grinding & GearBox Rebuild
Large Precision Machining
www.itamco.com

Print this document

High Quality
Open the downloaded document, and select print from the file menu (PDF reader required).
Download and Print

Sign up
Use your Facebook login and see what your friends are reading and sharing.
Other login options

S p in n er_ m ac_ w h ite

Login with Facebook

Signup
I don't have a Facebook account
email address (required)
create username (required)
password (required)
Send me the Scribd Newsletter, and occasional account related communications.

S p in n er_ m ac_ w h ite

Sign Up Privacy policy

You will receive email notifications regarding your account activity. You can manage these
notifications in your account settings. We promise to respect your privacy.
Why Sign up?
Discover and connect with people of similar interests.
Publish your documents quickly and easily.
Share your reading interests on Scribd and social sites.

S o cial-o n s

Already have a Scribd account?

email address or username
password

S p in n er_ m ac_ w h ite

Log In Trouble logging in?

Login Successful
Now bringing you back...

S p in n er_ larg e_ m ac_ w h ite

« Back to Login

Reset your password

Please enter your email address below to reset your password. We will send you an email with
instructions on how to continue.
Email address:
You need to provide a login for this account as
well.
Login:
Submit
Upload a Document
Search Documents

· Follow Us!

· scribd.com/scribd

· twitter.com/scribd

· facebook.com/scribd

· About

· Press

· Blog

· Partners

· Scribd 101

· Web Stuff

· Scribd Store

· Support

· FAQ

· Developers / API

· Jobs

· Terms

· Copyright

· Privacy
Copyright © 2011 Scribd Inc.
Language:
English
Choose the language in which you want to experience Scribd:
· English

· Español

· Português (Brasil)