SYNOPSIS

To facilitate Industrialists of Pakistan to Solve Energy Crisis Through

Biomass and Solar Power

Thesis Background:
Human life can’t survive without energy and since energy consumptions of every
individual are increasing in a rapid pace. On the other hand, energy resources are
depleting and this situation is leading towards a severe energy shortage (crisis).
An energy crisis is any great shortfall (or price rise) in the supply of energy
resources to an economy. It usually refers to the shortage of oil and additionally to
electricity or other natural resources.
World is heading towards a global energy crisis due to a
decline in the availability of cheap oil and recommend a decreasing dependency on
fossil fuel. This has led to increasing interest in alternate power/fuel research such as
fuel cell technology, hydrogen fuel, biomethanol, biodiesel, Karrick process, solar
energy, tidal energy and wind energy.
Energy Crisis in Pakistan:
Pakistan is facing the energy problems for many years, and its worst impact can be
seen these days i.e. continuous electrical and gas loadshedding. Loadshedding has
its widespread effects on domestic and commercial usage which ultimately effects
economy. Let’s have a look at the current energy situation of Pakistan and the world.
For 2004-05, Pakistan’s energy consumption touched 55.5 MTOE (Million Tons of Oil
Equivalent). Pakistan’s energy requirements are expected to double in the next few
years, and our energy requirements by 2015 is likely to cross 120MTOE. By 2030,
the nation’s requirement will be 7 times the current requirement reaching 361MTOE.
Pakistan’s energy requirements are fulfilled with more than 80% of energy resources
through imports.

Possible Solutions – Alternate Energy Sources:

Pakistan has wide spectrum of high potential of renewable energy sources,
conventional and non-conventional as well, which have not been adequately
explored, exploited or developed. As a result, the primary energy supplies today are
not enough to meet even the present demand. Moreover, a very large part of the
rural areas does not have the electrification facilities because they are either too
remote and/or too expensive to connect to the national grid. So, Pakistan, like
other developing countries of the region, is facing a serious challenge of energy
deficit. The development of the renewable energy sources can play an important role
in meeting this challenge. Considering the geological setup, geographical position,
climatological cycles and the agricultural activities, various renewable resources
are technologically viable and have bright prospects to exploit commercially in
Pakistan, which include:
1. Solar (PV, thermal)
2. Water (mega &macro-micro-hydel, and sea wave & tide)
3. Wind
4. Geothermal
5. Wastes
• City solid waste

• Waste from local chicken farms

• Forestry waste

• Wood waste from furniture factories

• Agricultural waste,

• Hospital waste

• Animal slurry from farms

Pakistan can be benefited from these as substitute energy in areas where these
renewable energy sources exist.

POTENTIAL OF SOLAR ENERGY and BIOMASS in Pakistan:

Pakistan being in the sunny belt is ideally located to take advantage of the solar
energy technologies. This energy source is widely distributed and abundantly
available in the country. During last twenty years Pakistan has shown quite
encouraging developments in photovoltaic (PV). Currently, solar technology is being
used in Pakistan for stand alone rural telephone exchanges, repeater stations,
highway emergency telephones, cathodic protection, refrigeration for vaccine and
medicines in the hospitals etc. Both the private and public sectors are playing their
roles in the popularization and up grading of photovoltaic activities in the country.
Pakistan being an agriculture country, so using biomass as an alternate energy
source is also very much economical and feasible.
Motivation:
Keeping all facts in mind and realizing that alternate sources of energy are more
economical to use. If now an industrialist decided to install a solar energy plant for
meeting energy needs of his business, from where he should get technical know-how
of methods and equipments that are very much vital to know?
This is the main hindrance in the usage of renewable technologies in Pakistan. If
people convinced to this idea, there is not a single institution, organization or literary
material that may help him anyway. This is the actual motivation behind thesis.

How IT may help?

Nowadays, there are various mediums to convey your thoughts to other people e.g.
electronic media, print media and internet etc. Here I make use of make use of
information technology to spread awareness by publishing web content. By making
use of Information Technology the problem can be solved up to much extent as:
• A single centralized repository could be formed which serves as an
information base and where all relevant material with technical details would
be stored.

• Ensuring world wide access to information base.

• Translating the important content in any one or two of local languages e.g.
Sindhi or Urdu.
• Making it possible to give an instant response to queries and confusions
people may have.
• Making it possible to have a feedback from customers.
Objectives:
Major aims & objectives of my M.E research work are summarized below:
1. Providing centralized database for storage.
2. Development of website to publish concerned material that is accessible
around the globe.