1.

4 Combining Transformations
In the previous section we considered problems that involved both a stretch and reflection.
And we found that the order in which we applied the transformations didn’t matter.
For example, consider the graph of ( # # 4 1
Suppose we wish to apply a horizontal stretch about the $-axis by a factor of 1/2 and apply a horizontal
reflection about the $-axis.
 We can apply the stretch first, and then the reflection….

Horizontal stretch by a factor of 1/2 And then horizontal reflection

% % %

, , , ,

Optionally simplify
Equation in terms of #: $ 2# 4 1 $ 2# 4 1 $ 2 # 2 1

 Or we can apply the reflection first, and then the stretch ….

Horizontal reflection And then the horizontal stretch, factor 1/2

%
% %
%

, , , ,

Equation in terms of #: $ # 4 1 $ 2# 4 1 Same equation! (and same graph)

Warm-up Exploration #1 Combining a vertical stretch (or reflection) with a horizontal translation

The graph of ( # # 1 2 4 is shown below

1 On the same grid, construct a new graph of $ < # by first %

applying a vertical stretch about the #-axis by a factor of 2,
then applying a horizontal translation 4 units left.
2 Determine an equation of $ < # , in terms of #, by applying
the transformations in opposite order:
- First apply a horizontal translation 4 units left.

- Then apply a vertical stretch by a factor of 2.

3 Does the equation developed in #2 match the graph made in #1?

Is the order in which a vertical stretch and horizontal translation
are applied relevant?

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1.4 Combining Transformations

Exploration #2 Combining a vertical stretch (or reflection) with a vertical translation

The graph of ( # #2 4# 3 is on the right
1 On the same grid, construct a new graph of $ < # by:
- First applying a vertical stretch about the #-axis by a factor of 2
- Then applying a vertical translation 3 units down.
Mapping Rule:

2 Determine an equation for $ < # ,

In terms of ( # : In terms of #:

3 Next, on the same (new) grid construct a new graph of $ ℎ # by:

- First applying a vertical translation 3 units down
- Then applying a vertical stretch about the #-axis by a factor of 2
Mapping Rule:

4 Determine an equation for $ ℎ # ,

In terms of ( # : In terms of #:

5 Compare the graphs and equations above. Is the order in which

a vertical stretch and vertical translation are applied relevant?

Exploration #3 Combining a horizontal stretch (or reflection) with a horizontal translation

The graph of ( # # 4 1 is on the right.
1 On the same grid, construct a new graph of $ < # by:
- First applying a horizontal stretch about the $-axis by a factor of 1/2
- Then applying a horizontal translation 4 units right.

2 Determine an equation for $ < # ,

In terms of ( # : In terms of #:
Mapping
Rule:
3 Next, on the same grid construct a new graph of $ ℎ # by
again transforming the graph of $ ( # :
- First applying a horizontal translation 4 units right.
- Then applying a horizontal stretch about the $-axis by a factor of 1/2

4 Determine an equation for $ ℎ # ,

In terms of ( # : In terms of #:

Mapping
5 Compare the graphs and equations above. Is the order in which a Rule:
horizontal stretch and horizontal translation are applied relevant?

Page |48
 Chapter 1 – Transformations

Exploration #4 Analyzing Horizontal Translations

1 Analyze the following pairs of functions graphed below. Does the horizontal translation match the constant
term? That is, for the group 1, is the horizontal translation from graph  to  “8 units left”?
Group 1:  $ # Group 2:  $ #2 Group 3:  $ #?
2
1 ?
 $ 2# 8  $ # 5  $ # 4
2
   



Horizontal Horizontal Horizontal

translation: translation: translation:

2 Analyze the corresponding graphs for each pair of functions. In the space provided above, indicate the
horizontal translation for each.

3 Multiple transformations can be seen using the model $ 0( I # ℎ 5.

Put each of the $2 equations above in this form by factoring out the I value. (The first is done for you!)
2
1 ?
$ 2# 8 $ # 5 $ # 4
2
y= 2(x+ 4)
Horizontal translation 4 units left

To identify the horizontal translation from a basic graph, first factor out any coefficient.
2
For example, given $ 3# 6 7, the horizontal translation is 2 units right. (and not 6)

$ 3 # 2 2 7

First consider… And then…

When describing multiple
Stretches
transformations, Translations
Reflections

So given the transformation from $ ( # to -% J . /

1  The vertical stretch about the #-axis factor is -
The mapping rule is: #, $ → # ℎ, 0$ 5
I  If 0 7 0, there is a vertical reflection in the #-axis
Note that the horizontal translation, “+ℎ”, is applied  The horizontal stretch about the $-axis factor is
J
after all #-coordinates are multiplied by the horizontal
stretch factor.  If I 7 0, there is a horizontal reflection in the $-axis

…and same goes for the vertical translation “5”!  The horizontal translation is . units, and the
vertical translation is / units.

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1.4 Combining Transformations

Worked Given the graph of $ ( # on the right, $ < # is

Example defined as < # ( 2# 6 1.
%
(a) Construct a mapping rule for the transformation
from $ ( # to $ < # .
(b) Sketch the graph of $ < # on the same grid

Sol: (a) First things first – prep the function by factoring (b) Apply the mapping rule to the indicated ()
out the coefficient of #: points on the graph of $ ( # .
< # ( 2 # 3 1 1
0, 2 → ! 3, 1 → ,
2
Vertical reflection Horizontal translation 3 units 1
All coords. made negative left, vertical translation 1 up 1, 1 → 3, 1 → . &,
2
Horizontal stretch, factor of 1/2 1
4, 0 → 3, ! 1 → ,
Multiply all coords. by 2
1
1 9, 1 → , 3, 1 → . &, !
Mapping Rule: #, $ → # 3, $ 1 2
2
Plot each of the points to sketch ,
$ ( #
. &,
the graph of '  . &, !
,

'

Class Example 1.41 Applying Multiple Translations to a Graph

The graph of $ ( # is shown on the right.

1
A function $ < # is given by < # ( # 2 1
2 %

(a) Construct a mapping rule for the transformation

from $ ( # to $ < # .

(b) Sketch the graph of $ < # on the same grid.

(c) The point B 0,2 is on the graph of $ ( # . Determine the

coordinates of the corresponding point on the graph $ < #

(d) State the domain and range for $ < #

Page |50
 Chapter 1 – Transformations

Worked A function $ ( # has a domain of 6, 12 and a range 0, 10 . For the transformed function
Example $ 3( 2# 8 5, (i) provide a mapping rule and determine the new (ii) domain and (iii) range.

Solution: First prep the transformed function, Next, visualize a “possible” graph of $ ( # .
factor out the “2” in the brackets: (That has the given domain / range):

$ 3( 2 # 4 5 Possible Graph
of $ ( # : 12, 10
Vertical reflection Horiz. translation 4 units
about the #-axis left, vertical 5 down

Vertical sretch about Horizontal stretch about

#-axis, factor of 3 $-axis, factor of 1/2 6, 0

Transformed Graph:
Mapping Rule: , → , &

1
6, 0 → C 4, 3 ! 5 → 7, 5 7, 5
2
New domain start point
Domain start point Range start New Range start point
2, 30
1
12, 10 → 4, 3 ! 5 → 2, 30
2
New Range Note that drawing “possible graphs” is
New domain end
Domain end point Range end point end point not essential, but can help visualize!

New Domain: +,

New Range: !, &

Class Example 1.42 Determining the Equation of a Function Given Transformations

A function $ ( # has a domain of 4, ∞ and a range ∞, 9 . For each of the transformations of ( #

described below, (i) provide a mapping rule and determine the new (ii) domain and (iii) range.
1
(a) $ ( 2# (b) $ 5 2( # 1
3

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1.4 Combining Transformations

Class Example 1.43 Applying Multiple Translations to a Function – Graph and Equation

The graph of ( # # 6 4 is shown on the right.

A function $ < # is given by < # ( 3# 6 3 %
(a) Construct a mapping rule for the transformation
from $ ( # to $ < # .

(b) Transform each indicated point (), to sketch the

graph of $ < # on the same grid.

Class Example 1.44 Determining the Equation of a Function Given Transformations

A function ( # 3 6# 1 is transformed to $ < # and $ ℎ # , as described below. Construct an

equation for each transformed function.
(a) $ < # is obtained by vertically stretching the graph of ( # about the #-axis by a factor of 4, and
vertically translating the graph 6 units up.

Equation in
terms of ( # :

Equation in
terms of #:

(b) $ ℎ # is obtained by reflecting the graph of ( # in the #-axis, stretching the graph about the
$-axis by a factor of 1/2, and horizontally translating the graph 3 units right.

Equation in
terms of ( # :

Equation in
terms of #:

Page |52
 Chapter 1 – Transformations

'
Worked The graph of $ < # represents a transformation of $ ( # .
Example Determine an equation for $ < # , in terms of ( # .

First identify
the stretches:
$ < #
%
…and < # is 6
units tall
 Vertical stretch After determining both the horizontal and
factor of 1.5 vertical stretches, then identify any translations:
$ ( #
Graph of ( # is
4 units “tall” 6L4
Note that after we
apply the two
Math30-1power.com
stretches to ( # …
…while < # is 12
units wide
6 …we must shift
 Horizontal stretch
factor of 2 up 6 units
Similarly, graph of Graph with only stretches applied
12 L 6
( # is 6 units wide
Equation: < # 1.5 ( 0.5# 4
Simplifies to: ' . &% !. & C

Class Example 1.45 Determining more than one Transformation from a Graph

For each pair of graphs below, the graph of $ < # represents a transformation of of $ ( # through any
of: stretches, reflections, and translations. Determine an equation for $ < # , in terms of ( # .

(a)
'

%
Mapping Rule:

Equation of < # :

(b) %
'

Mapping Rule:

Equation of < # :

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and schools throughout the 2021-22 School Year
 1.4 Practice Questions

1. For each graph of $ ( # below, provide a mapping rule and sketch each indicated transformed function.
(a) < # ( 2# 2 (b) ℎ # 3( # 2
Mapping Rule: Mapping Rule:
%

1
(c) 5 # ( 3# 6 1 (d) 1 # ( 0.5# 1
2
Mapping Rule: Mapping Rule:
% %

2. Construct a mapping rule for each of the following transformations of a function $ ( # , listed below. Then,
determine the new coordinates of a point B 8, 6 on the graph of $ ( # , after the transformation.

(a) $ 5 3( # 2
i Mapping:

ii New Point:

(b) 2$ ( 4# 8
i Mapping:

ii New Point:

1 1
(c) $ ( # 5
4 3

i Mapping:

ii New Point:

Page |54
 Chapter 1 – Transformations

3. A function $ ( # has a domain of 12, 8 and a range 6, 10 . For each of the transformations of ( #
described below, (i) provide a mapping rule and determine the new (ii) domain and (iii) range.
3 1
(a) $ ( # 5 (b) $ 1 3( # 2 (c) 2$ ( 4# 8
2 2

4. A function $ ( # has a domain of # 12 , # ∈ ℝ and a range $ ≤ 9 , $ ∈ ℝ .

For each of the transformations of ( # described below, (i) provide a mapping rule and determine the new (ii)
domain and (iii) range.
2 4
(a) $ 2( # 3 (b) $ 4 ( # 5 (c) 4$ ( 3# 12
3 3

Answers from previous page

1. (a) , → , (b) , → , (c) , → , (d) , → ,

%
% %
*

%
. /
' RTD Learning
PowerMath
2. (a) i , → , & (b) i , → , (c) i , → &,

ii G, C → C, ii G, C → , ii G, C → ,,

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and schools throughout the 2021-22 School Year
1.4 Combining Transformations

5. The graph of ( # # 1 2 16 is shown on the right.

A function $ < # is defined in terms of ( # as:
1
< # ( # 3 5
4
(a) Construct a mapping rule for the transformation
from $ ( # to $ < # .

(b) Transform all points with integer coordinates to

sketch the graph of $ < # on the same grid.

(c) Write an equation for $ < # , in terms of #.

6. A function ( # # 4 2 is transformed by:

- Reflecting the graph in the line # 0
- Stretching the graph vertically by a factor of 3
- Horizontally translating the graph 1 unit right and vertically translating the graph 2 units down
(a) Construct a mapping rule for the (b) Determine an equation for $ < #
transformation from ( # to < # . i in terms of ( # : ii in terms of #:

Step-by-step solutions, along with videos and additional practice exams, can be found at math30-1edge.com

3. (a) i , → , & (b) i , → , (c) i , → ,

ii D: , C ii D: C, ii D: ,
iii R: , ! iii R: ,, , iii R: &,
3 2 1 1
4. (a) i #, $ → # , 2$ 3 (b) i #, $ → # 5, $ 4 (c) i #, $ → # 4, $
4 3 3 4
D:
ii #|# ≤ 12 , # ∈ ℝ ii D: #|# 4, # ∈ ℝ ii D: #|# 8, # ∈ ℝ
R:
iii $|$ ≤ 21 , $ ∈ ℝ iii R: $|$ ≤ 10 , $ ∈ ℝ iii R: $|$ 2.25 , $ ∈ ℝ

Page |56
 Chapter 1 – Transformations

7. The graph of ( # 2 # 4 2 is shown on the right.

A function $ < # is given by < # 3( # 2
(a) Construct a mapping rule for the transformation
from $ ( # to $ < # .

(b) Transform all points with integer coordinates to

sketch the graph of $ < # on the same grid.

(c) Write an equation for $ < # , in terms of #.

8. The graph of ( # # 9 2 is shown on the right.

A transformed function is given by $ 1 ( 0.5# 2
(a) Construct a mapping rule for the transformation.

(b) Transform all points with integer coordinates

to sketch the graph of the transformed
function on the same grid.

(c) Write an equation for the transformed function,

in terms of #.

Answers from previous page

1 2, 9 6. (a) #, $ → # 1 , 3$ 2
5. (a) #, $ → # 3, $ 5
4
(b) Transform vertex: (b) i < # 3( # 1 2
1 2
1, 16 → 3, C 5 ii < # 3 # 1 4 2
4
2
Continue with other pts < # 3 # 5 2
2, 9
on graph of ( # …. Optionally simplify to:
1 2 < # 3 # 5 2
2
(c) < # # 2 9 '
4

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1.4 Combining Transformations

9. The graph of ( # # 4 5 is shown on the right.

A function $ < # is given by < # 2( # 3 4
(a) Construct a mapping rule for the transformation
from $ ( # to $ < # .

(b) Transform all indicated () points to sketch the

graph of $ < # on the same grid.

(c) Write an equation for $ < # , in terms of #.

10. The graph of ( # 0.5 # 4 6 is shown on the right.

A function $ < # is given by < # ( 4# 2
(a) Construct a mapping rule for the transformation
from $ ( # to $ < # .

(b) Transform all indicated () points to sketch the

graph of $ < # on the same grid.

(c) Write an equation for $ < # , in terms of #.

Answers from previous page

7. (a) #, $ → # 2 , 3$ , 8. (a) #, $ → 2# 4, $ 1
(b) 4, 2 → 6, 6 ' (b) 9, 2 → 14, 3 and so on….
3, 0 → 5, 0 ,C
(c) $ 0.5# 2 9 2 1 Simplify
and so on…. to…
&, ! $ 0.5 # 14 3
(c) $ 3 2 # 2 4 2
,
Simplify to: C, C
C,
,
' C C C
,!
G,
Transformed function

Page |58
 Chapter 1 – Transformations

11. A function ( # # 2 is transformed by:

- Reflecting the graph in the line $ 0
- Stretching the graph horizontally about the line # 0 by a factor of 1/4
- Horizontally translating the graph 1 unit right and vertically translating the graph 2 units up
(a) Construct a mapping rule for the
transformation from ( # to < # .

(b) Determine an equation for $ < # i in terms of ( # : ii in terms of #:

(c) The range of $ ( # is ∞, 2 .

Determine the range of $ < # .

(d) The horizontal stretch applied to the graph of $ ( #

can instead be described by a vertical stretch.
Determine the magnitude of the vertical stretch.

Answers from previous page

9. (a) #, $ → # 3 , 2$ 4 , 1
!, 10. (a) #, $ → # ,$ 2 '
4
(b) 4, 5 → 1, 14 '
(b) 4, 6 → 1, 8
3, 4 → 0, 12
0, 4 → 0, 6
and so on….
and so on….
, G

(c) $ 4 5 Simplifies to… (c) $ 0.5 2 C Simplifies to…

' < # 2# 2 8 ' G

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1.4 Combining Transformations

12. A function ( # # 16 ? is transformed by:

- Stretching the graph horizontally by a factor of 1/8
- Horizontally translating the graph 2 units right and vertically translating the graph 3 units down
(a) Construct a mapping rule for the
transformation from ( # to < # .

(b) Determine an equation for $ < # i in terms of ( # : ii in terms of #:

(c) The horizontal stretch applied to the graph of $ ( # can instead be described by a vertical stretch
and a horizontal translation. Determine the magnitude of the vertical stretch and the magnitude and
direction of the horizontal translation.

13. The graph of ( # # 7 2 is reflected in the $-axis. The resulting graph could also be achieved by
horizontally translating the graph of $ ( # . Describe the directing and magnitude of the translation,
and verify by applying the transformation to the equation of ( # .

Answers from previous page

1
11. (a) #, $ → # 1, $ 2 (b) i < # (4 # 1 2
4
(c) ∞, 0 (d) Vert. stretch about #-axis, factor of 2 ii < # 4 # 1 2 2
simplify…. '

Page |60
 Chapter 1 – Transformations

14. A function $ ( # has a domain of ∞, 12 and a range of 2, ∞ . The graph is transformed by:
- Reflecting the graph in the line # 0
- Stretching the graph horizontally about the line # 0 by a factor of 2
- Stretching the graph vertically about the line $ 0 by a factor of 5
- Horizontally translating the graph 3 units right and vertically translating the graph 4 units up
(a) Construct a mapping rule for the
transformation.

(b) The graph of $ ( # passes through a point

B 4, 1 . Determine the coordinates of the
corresponding point to B on the transformed graph.

(c) Determine an equation for the

transformed function, in terms of ( # .

(d) Determine the domain and range of the

transformed function.

15. For each pair of graphs below, the graph of $ < # represents a transformation of of $ ( # through
any of stretches, reflections, and translations. Determine an equation for $ < # , in terms of ( # .
(a) (b)

'
% %

'

Mapping Rule: Mapping Rule:

Equation of < # : Equation of < # :

#-intercepts of < # :

Answers from previous page

1
12. (a) #, $ → # 2 ,$ 3 (b) i < # (8 # 2 3 (c) Vertical stretch about #-axis, factor of 512,
8 plus a horizontal translation 16 units right
?
ii < # 8 # 2 16 3
simplify…. ' G further…. < # 512# ? 3
2
13. (a) Horizontal translation 7 units right. To verify, apply horizontal reflection: $ # 7 , and then simplify:
2 2 2
$ 1 # 7 $ 1 # 7 $ # 7 2  checks out!

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1.4 Combining Transformations

16. For each pair of graphs below, the graph of $ < # represents a transformation of of $ ( # through
any of stretches, reflections, and translations. Determine an equation for $ < # , in terms of ( # .
(a) (b)

%
'

'

i Mapping Rule: i Mapping Rule:

ii Equation of < # : ii Equation of < # :

17. The graph of $ ( # is transformed into the graph of $ < # , as shown below:

 Exam
Style
An equation for < # in terms of ( # is:

A. < # ( 2# 1

B. < # ( 2# 6 %
'
1
C. < # ( # 3
2
1
D. < # ( # 1
2

18. The graph of $ ( # is transformed into the graph of $ < # , as shown below:

 Exam
Style
An equation for < # in terms of ( # is:
1
A. < # ( # 4
4
1 1 %
B. < # ( #
2 4
'
C. < # ( 4# 4
1
D. < # ( 4#
2

Answers from previous page

14. (a) #, $ → 2# 3 , 5$ 4 (b) 11, 9 1 1
15. (a) i #, $ → # 4 , 2$ (b) i #, $ → # ,$ 5
1 3 2
(c) < # 5( # 3 4
2 ii < # 2( 3 # 4 ii < # ( 2# 5
(d) D: 21, ∞ R: 6, ∞ iii 7⁄3 , 0 , (5,0)

Page |62
 Chapter 1 – Transformations

19. The point B 3, 8 is on the graph of $ ( # .

1
The point corresponding to B on the graph of $ 2 2( # 4 is:
3
A. 21, 14
 Exam
Style
B. 21, 12
C. 13, 14
D. 13, 12

20. The mapping rule that describes the transformation from the graph of Code Possible values
$ ( # is #, $ → 4# 8, 2$ . of -, J, and ].
An equation for the transformed function is $ 0( I # \ , where 1 1 ⁄4
possible values for 0, I, and \ are listed on the right. 2 2
Exam
 Style 3 1/2
4 4
NR The codes for the values of 0, I, and \ are,
respectively, ____ , ____, and ____. 5 8

Codes can be used more than once

6 16

21. The graph of $ ( # is shown on the right.

Determine the domain and range of:
$ 11 ( 3# 3
%
i Domain:

ii Range:

22. A function $ ( # has a domain of ∞, 12 and a range 4, 8 . Code Possible values

A function < # 0( I# has a domain of ∞, 15 and a range 16,8 . of - and J.

1 1/2
 Exam
Style
NR The codes for the values of 0 and I in the equation
< # 0( I# are, respectively, ____ ,and ____. 2 2
Use the codes on the right. Codes 3 1/2
can be used more than once.
4 2
5 5/4
6 4/5

Answers from previous page

3 4
16. (a) i #, $ → # 7 , 3$ ii < # 3( # 7 (b) i #, $ → # , 3$ 4 ii < # 3( # 4
4 3
17. B 18. D

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1.4 Combining Transformations

23. A function of $ ( # has a range of ∞, 6 . The range of $ 2 2( # is:

14, ∞
 Exam
Style
A.

B. 10, ∞

C. ∞, 14

D. ∞, 10

24. The graph of the function $ ( # is shown below. The mapping rule that describes the transformation
from $ ( # to $ < # is 2# 6, y 3

Determine the domain and range of $ ( # .

i Domain:

ii Range:

25. The graph of $ ( # is shown on the

right. The vertex is at point B.
1 %
For the graph of $ ( # 2 3,
2
determine the:

i Domain:

ii Range:

iii Coordinates of point

corresponding to B
on graph of < # :

26. A function of $ ( # is transformed to < # 5( I # 3 5. The point 6, 8 on the graph of

( # corresponds to the point 13, 33 on the graph of $ < # . Determine the values of I and 5.

i I

ii 5

Answers from previous page and this page

19. A 20. 215 21. i 2, ∞ ii 12, ∞ 22. 46

23. A 24. i ∞, 2 ii ∞, 3 25. i 14 , 10 ii 5, 4 iii 2,4 26. i 3/5 ii 7

Page |64