UNIVERSIDAD PEDAGÓGICA Y TECNOLÓGICA DE COLOMBIA

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COURSE GUIDE TOPIC GRAMMAR EXPECTED TIME OF

English V 2 relative clauses relative clauses WORK

(week 4 and 5) passive voice passive voice 8 hours

Teacher:
Alejandra Galán Rosas

1. OBJECTIVES:

● Make a difference between active and passive voice.

● Identify and use the main relative clauses in real contexts.
● Read the assigned chapters from the audiobook.

2. PRESENTATION:

Dear Student, in this guide you will develop different activities that will motivate and facilitate your learning process,
the themes to be developed are: relative clauses and passive voice.
Relative clauses are used to identify which person or thing we are talking about. (He is the man who helped me).
We use the passive voice to say what happens to the subject (Two men were arrested by the police) in contrast
to active sentences which are used to say what the subject does (The police arrested two men).
You will be able to improve your English by developing this guide. In this process you are the main protagonist and I
will be assisting you in anything that you need. Never hesitate to ask me anything concerning this guide.
Likewise, you are required to read the proposed chapters from the audiobook in order to develop the activities
assigned by your teacher.

2.1. Initial reflection

Read the following sentences:

1. The logo of Coca-Cola is recognized by a lot of people.

2. I loved the card that you sent
3. I have a friend who lives in London
4. Laika was the first dog that was sent to space.

Do you recognize the passive voice and the relative clauses in the previous sentences?
2.2. Contextualization

- Read through this news report and find two more examples of the same verb (find and move) being
used as both an active and a passive verb.
- Highlight in the text using red color for relative clauses and blue color for passive voice sentences.

For as long as people can remember, small towns like Stone Creek and Pineville in northern Alabama have
been hit by storms every spring. They are as predictable as the apple blossoms that are always shaken
loose from the trees and blown along the country roads. Some trees may be knocked over or the roof of a
building might be slightly damaged, but usually the effects of the storms are more inconvenient than deadly. This
year was different.

Last night, a powerful storm roared into the area, sending devastating tornadoes spinning through the small
farming communities. It destroyed farms, schools and churches and buried people in the ruins of their own
homes. It transformed the landscape. Herds of cattle that had been moved into barns for safety are
nowhere to be seen, nor are the barns. Other buildings where tractors and equipment were being stored
seem to have been completely blown away.

The scenes of devastation this morning, are described by one rescue worker as 'like the end of the world'.
Since first light, rescue crews have been moving through the countryside, looking for survivors. Small teams
have had to be flown in to some areas by helicopter because the roads have been blocked by dozens of
fallen trees. In other areas. rescuers don't know what they will find as they search through the debris. 'We're
guessing that there are some people who may have been pinned down under their own ceilings,' says
Greg Hayden, a firefighter from Atlanta. 'Sometimes we can't tell the houses from the stables or the
garages. It's a mess. Dozens of people and animals could have been buried in there.'

One by one, the miracles and the tragedies are coming to light. Jim Clinton, having been warned of the
approaching storm on his radio, drove his wife and daughter to his local church. He thought it would be
safer there than staying in his small house. Two of the church walls collapsed, but after being trapped
inside for four hours, the Clintons were found alive by rescuers this morning. Not far away, an old couple
had retreated to the basement of their home as the storm approached. Tragically, they were both killed
when part of a wall crashed through the floor on top of them. The names of all victims are being withheld
until their families can be notified.

At least 38 people have died and many more are missing. About 100 people have been seriously injured
and more than 1,000 have been left homeless. The search for the missing may last for days, but the effects
of this one storm are going to be felt for many years. ‘It's like someone dropped a bomb,’ said one shocked
woman as she searched through the remains of what used to be her home. •

* Taken from: Yule, G. (2008). Oxford Practice Grammar. Advanced Student’s Book with Tests and Practice-Boost CD-ROM. New Edition.
Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press.

- Complete this summary using appropriate forms of verbs from the news report.
“At least 38 people have died, about 100 people have been seriously injured, and more than 1.000
Have been left homeless in northern Alabama after the area had been hit by a powerful storm last night.Farms,
schools and churches have been destroyed and some people have been trapped in the ruins of their own
homes. Fallen trees have blocked the roads in some areas, so rescue teams had to be flown by helicopter. The
effects of this storm are going to be felt for years.”

3. APPROPRIATION
RELATIVE CLAUSES

Use relative clauses to talk about what a person, place, or thing is (or does).
This is the machine which we used to make the copies.
He’s the man who helped us.

Also use relative clauses to explain which one we are talking about.
She’s the girl who has green eyes.
That’s the town where I was born.

Use who for a person. He’s the doctor who looked after your grandmother.
Use which for a thing. This is the knife which the killer used.
Use where for a place. This is the city where she grew up.
It is possible to use that instead of which She’s the girl that lives next door. = She’s the girl who lives next
or who. door

This is the machine that we used to make the copies. = This is

the machine which we used to make the copies.

That, who, or which can be the subject I talked to a girl. The girl won = I talked to the girl who won.
of the relative clause, like this: A dog attacked me. That is the dog = That is the dog that attacked
me

* There is no other pronoun (e.g. it, they)

That, who or which can be the object of
the relative clause, like this:
That is the dog that it attacked me. =incorrect
Kent sent a card. The card was nice. = The card which Ken sent
was nice
I saw a man. The man was rude. = The man that I saw was very
rude.

*There is no other pronoun (e.g. him, them)

 The man I saw him was very rude = incorrect

When that, who or which is the object of The card which Ken sent was nice = The card Kent sent was nice.
the relative clause (e.g. The man that I saw The man that I saw was very rude. = The man I saw was very rude
was very rude), we can leave them out:

PASSIVE SENTENCES

ACTIVE: (a) The mouse ate the cheese. Both sentences (a) and (b) have the same meaning.

PASSIVE: (b) The cheese was eaten by the mouse.

In (c), the object in an active sentence becomes the

subject in a passive sentence.

In (d), the subject in an active sentences is the object

of by in the by-phrase in a passive sentence.

FORM OF THE PASSIVE

Form of all passive verbs:
BE PAST
be + past participle
PARTICIPLE
Corn is grown by farmers
Sara was surprised by the news. Be can be in any of its forms: am, is, are, was,
were, has been, have been, will be, etc.
The report will be written by Mary.
ACTIVE PASSIVE
SIMPLE PRESENT Farmers grow corn. 🡪 Corn is grown by farmers.
SIMPLE PAST The news surprised Sara. 🡪 Sara was surprised by the news.
PRESENT PERFECT Jack has mailed the letter. 🡪 The letter has been mailed by Jack.
FUTURE Mr. Lee will plan the meeting 🡪 The meeting will be planned by Mr. Lee.
Sue is going to write the 🡪 The report is going to be written by Sue.
report.
 *Remember we use by to mention the person who did the action. We do not use for.

For further information and practice:

https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/grammar_list/passiv.htm
https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises_list/passiv.htm
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pxbQ2U3Uuv0
https://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/relative-clauses/exercises?02
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lLkARyk4CTI

4. EXERCISES1

4.1. Who, which and that.

Complete the conversation. Put in who, which or that. There is always more than one possible answer.

Emma: Shall we have something to eat?

Matthew: Yes, but not here. I don't like cafés _ that_ don't have chairs. I'm not one of those people
_who_ can eat standing up.
Emma: There's another restaurant over there.
Matthew: It looks expensive, one of those places that charge very high prices. The only
customers that can afford to eat there are business executives who get their expenses paid.
Anyway, I can't see a menu. I'm not going into a restaurant which doesn'tdisplay a menu.
Emma: We just passed a café that does snacks.Matthew:
Oh, I didn't like the look of that.
Emma: You're one of those people who are never satisfied, aren't you?

4.2. Combine the information to make news items. Make the sentence in brackets into a relative clause with
who or which. Start each sentence with the, e.g. The man ...

e.g. A man has gone to prison. (He shot two policemen.) The man who shot two policemen has gone to
prison.

1. A bomb caused a lot of damage. (It went off this morning.)

The bomb which went off this morning has caused a lot of damage.
.
2. A scientist has won the Nobel Prize. (He discovered a new
planet.)
The scientist who discovered a new planet has won the
Nobel price.

3. A footballer has been banned from playing again. (He took drugs.)
The footballer who took drugs has been banned from playing again.
1
Adapted from: Azar, B. S. (2003). Fundamentals of English Grammar (3rd ed.). White Plains, NY: Longman.
 4. A little girl has been found safe and well. (She had been missing since Tuesday.)
The little girl who had been missing since Tuesday has been found safe and well.

5. A company has laid off thousands of workers. (It owns Greenway Supermarkets.)
The company which owns Greenway Supermarkets has laid off thousands of workers.

6. An old lady now wants to swim the English Channel. (She did a parachute jump.)
The old lady who did a parachute jump now wants to swim the English Channel.

4.3. Use relative clauses to make one sentence from the two sentences below.
e.g. Callin is a private university. I studied physics there. 🡪 Callin is the private university where I studied
physics .

a. Renata Samuels is a dentist. She fixed my teeth. 🡪 Renata Samuels is the dentist
Renata Samuels is the dentist who fixed my teeth.

b. La Cosecha is a bar. You get free food there. 🡪 La Cosecha is a bar

La Cosecha is a bar where you get free food.

c. Did you get my note? I left it on your table. 🡪Did you get the note
Did you get the note which I left on your table?

d. Mannix Music is a shop. It sells old CDs. 🡪 Mannix Music is a shop

Mannix Music is a shop which sells old CDs.

e. David Bynes is a personal trainer. He helped me get fit. 🡪 David Bynes is the personal trainer
David Bynes is the personal trainer who helped me get fit.

f. Konstanz is a town. I was born there. 🡪 Konstanz is the town

Konstanz is the town where I was born.

g. Laguna is a town. I spent my holidays there. 🡪 Laguna is the town

Laguna is a town where I spend my holidays.

h. Did you get the present? I sent it to you last week. 🡪 Did you get the present
Did you get the present that I sent you last week?

i. Burnham Place is a restaurant. You can watch the chefs make your food there. 🡪 Burnham Place is
the.

Burnham Place is the restaurant where you can watch the chefs make your food.
 j. Corleone is a town. I learned how to do business there. 🡪 Corleone is the town
Corleone is the town where I learned how to do business.

4.4. Change the sentences from active to passive.

e.g. Ms. Hopkins invited me to dinner. 🡪 I was invited to dinner by Ms. Hopkis.
1. Thomas Edison invented the phonograph. 🡪
The phonograph was invented by Thomas Edison.

2. Water surrounds an island. 🡪

An island is surrounded by water.

3. A plumber is going to fix the leaky faucet. 🡪

The leaky faucet is going to be fixed by a plumber.

4. A doctor has examined the sick child. 🡪

The sick child is going to be examined by a doctor.

5. A large number of people speak Spanish. 🡪

The people who speak Spanish is a large number.

6. Shakespeare wrote Hamlet. 🡪

Hamlet was written by Shakespeare.

7. This news will amaze you. 🡪

You will be amazed by this news.

8. A thief stole Ann’s purse. 🡪

Ann’s purse was stolen by a thief.

4.5. Change the questions from active to passive.

1. Did a cat kill the bird? 🡪
Was the bird killed by a cat?

My cat didn’t kill the bird. 🡪

The bird wasn’t killed by my cat.

2. Do a large number of people speak French? 🡪

Is the French spoken by a large number of people?

3. Is the janitor going to fix the window? 🡪

Is the window going to be fixed by the janitor?

4. Will a maid clean our hotel room? 🡪

Is our hotel room going to be cleaned by a maid?

5. Does the hotel provide clean towels? 🡪

Are the clean towels provided by the hotel?

4.6. Change the passive sentences to active.

1. Was the riot stopped by the police? 🡪 Did the police stop the riot?
 2. My suitcase was inspected by a customs officer. 🡪
The customs office inspected my suitcase.

3. I was taught to read by my parents 🡪

My parents taught me to read.

4. The cookies will be baked by Peter. 🡪

Peter will bake the cookies.

5. The Raven was written by Edgar Allan Poe. 🡪

Edgar Allan Poe wrote The Raven.

6. My car was stolen in Bogotá by a thief. 🡪

A thief stole my car in Bogotá.

7. A car has been bought by him🡪

He bought a car.

8. A diamond necklace was bought by her. 🡪

She bought a diamond necklace.

5. EVALUATIVE TASK

(Attach both text and audio files)

1. Taking into account the vocabulary presented below, describe the following words, in two sentences each, using
relative clauses. Record your sentences in an audio file and attach them to the Moodle platform.

e.g. Panela: Panela is a type of food which is made out of sugar cane.
Panela is a product that is used to make a hot beverage.

1. Ñero:
The ñero is a type of person which tries to mug you.
The ñero is a type of person that will mug you even if you try to hide or escape.
2. Perico:
The Perico is a type of food which many people like, including me.
The Perico is a word that is used for a food, a drug, a type of coffee and bird in Colombia.
3. Tejo:
The Tejo is a game in which players throw metal disks to try and hit a piece of gunpowder.
The Tejo is a game that I played when I was youger.
4. Iván Duque:
Ivan Duque is the puppet which Alvaro Uribe Velez uses for governing Colombia.
Ivan Duque is the president that made Colombia a country difficult to live in.
5. El Paredón de los Mártires:
The Paredón de los Mártires is a place on which some important people for Tunja were killed.
The Paredón de los Mártires is a place that is of big importance for the people of Tunja.

2. What major discoveries in your area of study have been made over time? Write 10 sentences in passive voice
including years and names. Record your sentences in an audio file and attach them to the Moodle platform. (10
points)

e.g. Penicillin was discovered in 1928 by Alexander Fleming.

 1. The plastic-eating bacterium Ideonella sakaiensis was discovered in 2016 (two thousand sixteen) by
Shosuke Yoshida
2. Hydraulic power was implemented in the year 1759 (Seventeen fifty nine.) by John Smeaton
3. Uranium was discovered in 1789 (Seventeen eighty-nine.) by Martin Heinrich
4. The first wind turbine was invented in 1887 (Eighteen eighty seven) by Charles Brush
5. Bioremediation was introduced in 1930 (Nineteen thirty.) by Tauzs and Donath
6. Carbon dioxide was discovered in 1750 (Seventeen fifty.) by Joseph Black
7. methane was discovered in 1776 (Seventeen seventy six.) by antonio volta
8. Recycling was invented in 1030 (One thousand and thirty.) by Japanese
9. the first bioreactor was discovered in 1929 (Nineteen twenty nine.) by alexander fleming
10. Water filters were discovered in 1827 (Eighteen twenty seven.) by James Simpson

6. I EVALUATE MY PROCESS

Quality indicator Yes No

1. I pronounce the words correctly. X
2. I give my answer naturally and fluently. X
3. I use complete, coherent and correct X
sentences.
4. I identify and use the passive voice. X
5. I use relative clauses appropriately. X
6. I respond to what is requested in the x
assignment.