Digital Communications

In a PCM system with uniform quantization the number of bits changing from N 1 to N2 will
reduce the quantization noise by a factor of 16. The values of N1 and N2 are
(a) N1 = 1; N2 = 16
(b) N1 = 1 ; N2 = 15
(c) N1 = 12; N2 = 10
(d) N1 = 15; N2 = 17

The minimum B.W of the PCM is equal to

(a) Signaling Rate
(b) Half of the signaling Rate
(c) Bit value
(d) Double of the Bit Rate.

The maximum slope of the Delta modulator is 2 volts / sec in order to avoid slope overload
distortion the slope of the input signal may be.
(a) 3 Volts/Sec
(b) 2 Volts / Sec
(c) 1 Volt /Sec (d) ALL

An analog signal within  0.5 percent of the peak to peak full scale value is transmitted by PCM
system, then how may binary digits must each sample contains?
a) 7
b) 8
c) 6
d) 5.

Match the following

List – 1 List – II
P. PCM 1. Cross Talk
Q. DM 2. Slope over load distribution
R. DAM 3. Quantization Noise
a)P – 1; Q – 2; R – 3
b)P – 2; Q – 3; R – 1
c)P – 3; Q – 1; R – 2
d)P – 3; Q – 2; R – 1

The use of non uniform quantisation leads to

a)Reduction in transmission bandwidth
b) Increase in maximum SNR
c) Increase in SNR for low band signals
d) Simplification of quantisation process

B1 : Transmission Band width required for PCM

B2 : Transmission Band with required for DPCM
B3 : Transmission Band with required for DM
Select Proper Answer
Digital Communications

a)B1 < B2 < B3

b)B1 > B2 > B3
c)B1 = B2 = B3
d)B1 < B2 > B3

A1 : To reduce the slope over load distortion (SOD) Adaptive Delta modulation is used
A2 : Granular Noise is occurred when steps size(s) becomes too small for stair case signal to
follow the step segment of modulating signal
A3 : SOD is occurred when S becomes too large for stair case signal to follow the step segment of
modulating signal.
Select Proper Answer
(a) All are false
(b) A1 only true
(c) A1 and A2 are only there
(d) All are False

Determine the correctness or otherwise of the following Assertion (or) and the Reason (r)
S2
Assertion (a): The Quantization Noise power for Delta Modulation is
12
S
Reason (r) : The maximum Quantization error voltage in Delta modulation is 
2
a)Both (a) and (r) are True and (r) is the correct reason for (a)
b)Both (a) and (r) are True and (r) is not the correct reason for (a)
c)Both (a) and (r) are false
d)is True but (r) is false

Assertion (a) : The channel BW required for Delta modulation (DM) is les than PCM.
Reason (r) : The maximum Quantization error voltage of DM is less than that of PCM
a)Both (a) and (r) are true and (r) is the correct reason for (a)
b)Both (a) and (r) are true and (r) is not the correct reason for (a)
c)Both (a) and (r) are False
d) is True but (r) is false

The stage preceeding to sampling is

a) Quartization
b) Encoder
c) Modulation
d) Pre-Alias Filter

A midtread type quantiter was “L” number of representation levels, where L equal to
a) n
b) n+2
c) 3l+1
d) 2K+1

Necessary condition for avoiding aliasing effect

Digital Communications

a) fs  2fm
b) fs  2fm
c) fs > 2fm
1
d) Ts =
2 fm

Which of the following is true about fs > 2fm condition

A) Introduces over lapping
B) The said condition avoids over lapping of neighbouring frequency components
C) Introduces noise components
D) All the above
a) A & B
b) A & C
c) A & D
d) B & C

Aperture effect can be suppressed by using

a) Aliasing filter
b) BPF
c) Equalizing Filter
d) None

In a PCM system the combination of S & H and A/D converter is called as

a) Digitizer
b) Quantizer
c) Commutator
d) a & b

The qe (Quantizing error) can be reduced by selecting a

a) Selecting a larger step size
b) Step size that is smaller
c) Making step size zero
d) None
A band limited signal m(t) having highest freq component fm Hz can be completely specified by
its sample value taken atleast every______seconds
a) 1/fm
b) fm
c) 1/2fm
d) 2fm

A signal m(t) = cos5t+0.5 cos 10t is instantaneously sampled. The interval between the
samples is
a) 0.2 sec
b) 0.1 sec
c) 0.5 sec
d) None
Digital Communications

The spectral range of a function ranges from 10 MHz to 10.2 MHz the minimum sampling rate
is
a) 0.2MHz
b) 0.4MHz
c) 0.6 MHz
d) 10 MHz

If the sampling signal consists of a periodic pulse train of width  and the tops of the pulses are
following the envelop of the base band signal, that is called
a) Natural sampling
b) Instantaneous Sampling
c) Flat top Sampling
d) None

In the sampled signal if the samples have a constant amplitude throughout the duration of the
pulse, that sampling is called
a) Natural sampling
b) Flat-top Sampling
c) Instantaneous Sampling
d) None

Among these types which type introduces Aperture Effect

a) Natural sampling
b) Flat-top Sampling
c) Instantaneous Sampling
d) None

To minimize aperture distortion in sampling ______ is the condition

a) >>1/fm

b) <<1/fm

c) =1/fm
d) None

In TDM, the function of commutator is

a) Samples the signal
b) Combine the samples
c) Both
d) None

Indicate which of the following system is digital

a) PPM
b) PCM
c) PWM
d) PAM
Digital Communications

Quantizing noise occurs in

a) Time-Division Multiplex
b) F-DM
c) Pulse Code modulation
d) PWM

PWM may be generated

a) By Differentiating PPM
b) With a Monostable Multivibrator
c) By Integrating the signal
c) With a free running Multivibrator

To permit the selection of 1 out of 16quantization levels, the no. of bits required is
a) 2
b) Log1016
c) 8
d) 4

In a PCM system the combination of quantizer and encoder is called as

a) Parallel to serial converter
b) D/A Converter
c) Compander
d) A/D Converter

To transmit a picture message through a PCM system, the quantizing technique that may be
implemented is
a) Non-Uniform Quantization
b) Differential
c) Mid – Tread
d) a & b

Non uniform quantizing is advantageous over the uniform quantizing because

a) If has a variable step size
b) It yields higher Avg. signal to noise power ratio
c) Easy Circuitry design
d) None

Condition for “guard band” occurrence, when an analog signal is sampled.

(fs Sampling frequency
fx  Band limited frequency)
a) fs > 2fx
b) fs<2fx
c) fs/fmin
d) b & c
Digital Communications

If a sinusoidal modulating signal of amplitude AM and no. of quantization levels used for PCM
is 512, then step size is
a) 256 Am
256
b)
Am
Am
c)
256
d) 256+Am

A PCM system uses a uniform quantizer followed by a 7 bit binary encoder bitrate is 50 mb /
sec. Bandwidth of the message signal
a) 5.57 MHz
b) 3.57 MHz
c) 3 MHz
d) 5 MHz

Among these which modulation has disadvantage of slope overload error

a) PCM
b) DPCM
c) DM
d) None

To overcome the slope overload error the method used is

a) PCM
b) ADM
c) DM
d) DPCM

The quantizer has M levels in PCM system then (S/Nq) ratio is

a) M
b) M2
c) M3
d) M4

The expression for mean square quantization error if step size is S then
S3
a)
12
S2
b)
6
2S 2
c)
24
Digital Communications

S3
d)
24
Slope overload error is due to __________ of a signal
a) Small slopes of signal
b) Large Slopes
c) High Amplitude
d) Small step size

Quantizing noise occurs in

a) TDM
b) FDM
c) PCM
d) PWM

The combination of compressor and expander is called a

a) Converter
b) Compander
c) Processor
d) Accumulator

The essential operation in the transmitter of a PCM system are

a) Sampling
b) Quantizing
c) Encoding
d) All the above

An integrate and dump receiver can otherwise be called as

a) Synchronous Receiver
b) Non Coherent receiver
c) Wide band receiver
d) Modulator

In digital modulation schemes the error probability depend on one of the following, what
is it ?
a) Noise Psd at I/P
b) Sampling
c) Threshold level
d) Signal power at receiver I/P

Expression for (S/N)PCM of a PCM system is

2 2 N 2 Pe
a) 2
Ts
Digital Communications

2 2 N Pe
b)
1  4 Pe 2 2 N
22N
c)
1  4 Pe 2 2 N
d) None

In a PCM system if each code word consists of r bits, f s being sampling rate, rs representing
symbol rate then they are related as

a) rS 
fs
f
b) rS  x
2
c) rS  2
d) rS   f S

The generator polynomial of a (7, 4) cyclic code is g ( x)  1  x  x3 then the code word
corresponding to message 0100 in non systematic form is:
a) 0000000
b) 0110100
c) 0101010
d) None of these

12) In above problem, the value of codeword corresponding to message 0100 in systematic form
is:
a) 0101010
b) 0110100
c)1010001
d) None of these

To design a (7, 4) cyclic code _________ no. of flip-flops required.

a) 3
b) 4
c) 5
d) 7

For a convolution coder, k is the message length and n is code word length, the code efficiency
is:
a) nk
b) n/k
c) k/n
d) None of these
Digital Communications

In _________ system synchronization is not needed.

a) Linear Block codes
b) Cyclic codes
c) Convolution codes
d) Hamming codes

____________ codes are capable of correcting random and burst type of errors.
a) Linear block codes
b) Cyclic codes
c) Convolution code
d) Both (b) and (c)

The choice of signals in ASK signaling scheme is:

a) s1 (t )  0, s2 (t )  A Sinct
b) s1 (t )   ACosct s2 (t )  ACosct
c) s1 (t )  ACosc  d t s2 (t )  ACosc  d t
d) None of these

The choice of signals in PSK signaling scheme is:

a) s1 (t )  0, s2 (t )  A Sinct
b) s1 (t )   ACosct s2 (t )  ACosct
c) s1 (t )  ACosc  d t s2 (t )  ACosc  d t
d) None of these

The choice of signals in FSK signaling scheme is:

a) s1 (t )  0, s2 (t )  A Sinct
b) s1 (t )   ACosct s2 (t )  ACosct
c) s1 (t )  ACosc  d t s2 (t )  ACosc  d t
d) None of these

A need for local carrier exists in

a) Coherent ASK
b) Non Coherent ASK
c) PSK
d) DPSK
Digital Communications

In ideal binary ASK signaling scheme occupies bandwidth of:

a) 2rb
b) 3rb
c) 4rb
d) None of these

In ASK signaling scheme optimum setting for threshold setting is:

A2
a) Tb
4
A2
b)
4
c) Tb
d) None of these

__________ Signaling scheme has least error probability.

a) ASK
b) PSK
c) FSK
d) DPSK

The width of eye opening in an eye diagram indicate

a) The nose margin
b) Amount of
c) Sensitivity to timing errors
d) All

Type of synchronization used in base band PAM

a) Master slave clock recovering
b) Auto synchronization
c) Skolt synchronization
d) a & c

Scrambler works on the principle of

a) Sequence encoding
b) Sequence hiding
c) Sequence shifting
d) All

To design a (7, 4) cyclic code _________ no. of flip-flops required

a) Iterative methods
b) Manual solving
c) algorithms
d) a & b
Digital Communications

The purpose of scambler and unscambler is:

a) To reduce noise
b) To improve synchronization
c) To reduce recurrences
d) None of these

The scambler circuit is used in

a) Transmitter
b) Receiver
c) Both (a) and (b)
d) None of these

Intersymbol interference is due to:

a) Dispersion of the data at the channel
b) Dispersion of the data at the channel gives rise to interference
c) Error between the reconstructed data and the original data
d) All the above

For zero ISI, the minimum bandwidth needed is equal to:

a) One half the bit rate
b) Twice the bit rate
c) One fourth the bit rate
d) None

The Nyquist bandwidth for zero ISI:

a) B0  2Tb
1
b) Tb 
2 B0
1
c) B0 
2Tb
d) None