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Interpersonal Communication
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1. Interpersonal Communication:
Brief & Basic Concept
2. Social Penetration Theory
- Pengertian & Asumsi SPT
- Analogi Bawang
- Tahapan Proses
3. Social Exchange Theory
- Theory At A Glance
- SET: Definisi & Asumsi
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Pengertian Social Penetration Theory
Little Depth
&
Little Breadth
Very
Intimate
Intimate
Superficial
Number of Topics
Analogi Bawang
As the Relationship Develops
Depth
& Breadth
Very
Very Intimate
Intimate
Superficial
Number of Topics
Reciprocity in Self-Disclosure
When I was six, I fell out I never broke any bones before.
of a tree and broke my arm.
17
Reciprocity in Self-Disclosure
I have to tell you this huge secret… Thanks for sharing your secret.
18
Stages of Relational Development
Stages of Relationships
(Mark Knapp)
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Theory at Glance: SET
• Social Exchange Theory (SET) menyatakan bahwa
dorongan utama dalam hubungan interpersonal
adalah kepuasan dari kepentingan pribadi dua
orang yang terlibat.
• Kepentingan pribadi tidak selalu dianggap buruk
dan dapat digunakan untuk meningkatkan suatu
hubungan.
• Pertukaran interpersonal dianggap mirip dengan
pertukaran ekonomis, dimana orang merasa puas
ketika mereka menerima kembalian yang sesuai
untuk pengeluaran mereka
Deskripsi SET
• Social Exchange Theory (SET) didasarkan pada ide
bahwa orang memandang hubungannya dalam
konteks ekonomi dan mereka menghitung costs
dan membandingkannya dengan rewards yang
didapatkan dalam meneruskan suatu hubungan.
• Costs adalah unsur-unsur dari suatu hubungan
sosial yang memiliki nilai negatif pada seseorang.
• Rewards adalah unsur-unsur dari suatu hubungan
yang memiliki nilai positif.
Social Exchange Theory Define
• Perspektif Social Exchange (Monge & Contractor,
2003) berargumentasi bahwa orang menghitung nilai
keseluruhan dari sebuah hubungan dengan cara
mengitung selisih dari rewards dan costs-nya.
Worth = Rewards – Costs
• Hubungan yang positif didapatkan jika manfaatnya
bernilai positif. Sedang hubungan dikatakan negatif
jika nilai worthnya negatif (costs-nya lebih besar dari
rewards-nya).
• Teori ini memprediksi bahwa nilai dari sebuah
hubungan mempengaruhi hasil akhir apakah terus
atau berakhir.
• Ada 6 jenis main rewards, yaitu: love, money, status, info, goods,
and services.
• Sedang contoh costs adalah time and energy.
Assumptions of SET
The assumptions that SET makes about human
nature include the following:
• Humans seek rewards and avoids punishments.
• Humans are rational beings.
• The standards that humans use to evaluate costs
and rewards vary over time and from person to
person.
The assumption of SET makes about the nature of
relationships include the following:
• Relationships are interdependent.
• Rational life is a process.
Movie Analysis: Jerry Maguire
In the movie Jerry Maguire the social exchange theory can easily
be applied to the relationship between Jerry Maguire and the
football player Rod Tidwell.
• Analisalah bagaimana teori SET ditampilkan
dalam film ini:
• Lihat hubungan antara Jerry dengan Rod
Tidwell (atlet yang dimanajerinya), dan Jerry
dengan istrinya, Dorothy.
• Bagaimana Jerry menimbang unsur cost dan
reward dalam masing2 hubungan?
• Bagaimana dua hubungan tersebut
berkembang?
When Rod decided to sign with Jerry, he
thought that the benefits from having an
agent that was on a personal level would
end up outweighing signing with a major
agent firm. He figured that he would end
up being a little fish in a big pond. Time
passed and Rod had not recieved any
offers for the contracts that he had been
hoping for. He started to reevaluate his
relationship with Jerry. Rod started to
believe that he made the wrong decision
because the costs were outweighing the
rewards.
In the end, Jerry worked hard to end Rod's costs that he
was encountering and caused the rewards to increase by
helping him establish a huge contract with the Arizona
football team.
This theory can also be seen in the relationship between Jerry and Dorothy.
After their marriage, Jerry becomes too involved improving his career. Jerry
started to pay less attention to his relationship and it began to suffer to the
point where they had to seperate. As time went on, Jerry figured out that
the profits from his marriage out weighed the profits from his success. Jerry
went back to Dorothy because she ''completed him".
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