Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Linguistics
Joannes Richter
Abstract
The Theonym of a universal sky-god DIÉUS seems to be created as a symbolic composition of the
5 phonetic sources, which had been identified in the mechanism in the human voice: (1) the tongue,
(2) the lips, (3) the teeth, (4) the windpipe with its vocal cords (in the larynx) and (5) the palate (the
roof of the mouth).
The Germanic antipodes TUÏSTO (chthonic) ↔ *TIWAZ (celestial) may be compared to the
Roman antipodes Jupiter DIÓUS ↔ Dis (DIUES) and the Hebrew antipodes IEU (celestial) ↔
IUE (terrestrial).
In the Hebrew language the name-giving of the Theonym IHV may be opposed from IHV (celestial)
to IVH (terrestrial) by switching two letters (H and V).
In Latin a similar permutation of two letters (O and U) opposes the theonym DIÓUS – PITĒR
(Jupiter, celestial) towards DIVES PATER (Dis-Pater, chthonic).
In Germanic languages the same permutation of two letters (I and W) opposes *TIWAZ (Tiw/Tuw)
to TUÏSTO.
In a fourth and fifth row of the table the theonyms *TEIWS (later *TĪUS) opposes to *TUEIS (→
TUÏSTO?). A simplified opposition of the Germanic theonyms *TĪUS ↔ *TUÏS illustrates the
basic principle of the antipodal behavior by permutation of the the (male) symbol I ↔ the (female)
symbol U.
Checking the symbolism of the vowels I remembered the description of the 3 vowels Cholam (O),
Shuruk (U) and Chirik (I) in the Zohar. As a triad I H V this name describes the sky and the
Theonym. Additionally the Zohar also describes the symbolic unification (YHVH) of man (Y) man
and woman (U).
As a result of this paper we may identify the correlation between the Roman MINERVA (wisdom) the
Etruscan MEN(I)RVA (wisdom) and the Greek word METIS (wisdom):
MINERVA = MEN(I)RVA = METIS (wisdom).
Introduction
The Theonym of the Creator seems to be created as a symbolic composition of the 5 phonetic
sources, which had been identified in the mechanism in the human voice: (1) the tongue, (2) the
lips, (3) the teeth, (4) the windpipe with its vocal cords (in the larynx) and (5) the palate (the roof of
the mouth). It does not really matter how many phonetic categories are defined in modern
linguistics, which deviates from the archaic definition of the phonetic categories.
Of all alphabetical letters only only a subset of symbols may be identified to a determined singular
acoustic source. Five symbols (D, I, A, U, S) seem to have been prioritized as a theonym.
Originally the alphabets had been designed with 3 vowels: the archaic guttural A, the palatal I or Y
and the labial U, which are defined as the vowel core in the sky-god's Name (D,I,A,U,S).
In the course of the additional vowels E and O had been inserted as equivalent symbols to the letter
A.
In most PIE-languages the consonant D is interpreted as a pure lingual “D” and S as a dental “S”. S
and Z may also be categorized as Sibilants1.
Strange as it may seem the core IEU for the sky-god DIEUS and the root IUE for the “godlike” (or
“devil” ?) DIUES correlate with two Hebrew cores IHV for the sky and IHV for the underground
(depth ?).
The contrast IEU ↔ IUE may be related to the Hebrew antipodal cores IHV for the sky,
respectively IHV for the hell.
This may not be coincidence, as we may discover similar correspondences between the Roman and
Germanic deities.
We may ask ourselves whether the Germanic deity *TIWAZ corresponds to the Latin sky-god
Jupiter (*DIOUS) or the Latin antipode DĪS-PATER (DĪVES). The chthonic DĪS-PATER
corresponds to the Germanic preference for “earth” and the “night” or darkness.
The second variant of the name, occurring originally in manuscript E, reads Tuisco. One
proposed etymology for this variant reconstructs a Proto-Germanic *tiwisko and
connects this with Proto-Germanic *Tiwaz, giving the meaning "son of Tiu". This
interpretation would thus make Tuisco the son of the sky-god (Proto-Indo-European
*Dyeus) and the earth-goddess.[1] 7
5 (in Dutch:) Vergeten woorden – Taaldacht : Tuw2 m., Tij2 1 God, Vader Hemel, Heer van Licht en Recht, de
oorspronkelijke Hoge God in het Germaanse volksgeloof, ew. °Dings/°Dijs • Fries Tij (in tiisdei), Engels Tue (in
Tuesday), Noors Ty, IJslands Týr • bijzonder gebruik van °tuw1/°tij1, in °Tuwsdag/°Tijsdag, vgl. °Met4 ‘Beschikker,
Ordenaar, Schepper, God’
6 Luwian deities (Luwian religion)
7 Tuisto
A comparison between the Hebrew, Roman and Germanic antipodes
Originally the chthonic deity TUISTO (Tuisto) and *TIWAZ may have been antipodes.
The Germanic antipodes TUÏSTO ↔ *TIWAZ correspond to the Roman antipodes DIÓUS ↔
DIUES and the Hebrew antipodes IEU ↔ IUE.
The following table illustrates the overview:
Language Sky symbols ↔ Chthonic / terrestrial symbols
Pentagram / theonym core ↔ Pentagram / theonym core
Hebrew IHV (sky) IHV ↔ IVH (terrestrial) IVH
Roman DIÓUS – PITĒR (Jupiter) IOU ↔ DIVES (DIS-PATER) IUE
Germanic *TIWAZ (Tiw/Tuw) IWA ↔ TUISTO UIO
Table 5 Comparison between the Hebrew, Roman and Germanic antipodes
In the Hebrew language the name-giving of the Great Name IHV may permutate two letters (H ↔
V): IHV (sky) → IVH (terrestrial or chthonic).
In Latin a similar permutation of two categories and letters (O en U) may be found: DIÓUS –
PITĒR (Jupiter) → DIVES (Dis-Pater).
In Germanic languages a similar permutation of two categories and letters (I and W) occurs:
*TIWAZ (Tiw/Tuw) → TUISTO.
In the following sketch we also insert the Gothic name *TEIWS (later *TĪUS) in the east and the
antipodal *TUEIS (eventually → TUÏSTO?) in the west.
Of course these directions are only valid from a restricted center area in the neighborhood of a
habitation such as Rome or “Europe” as the Roman “world”.
Reducing the antipodes EAST ↔ WEST to AUST ↔ WEST, abbreviated to: AU or WE, we may
correlate the antipode to: H I V ↔ V H I.
This evidence is not really convincing...
The Creation starts with heaven and earth, as the initial activity in the Book Genesis (1:1) :
1In the beginning of God's creation of the heavens and the earth17.
The letters for heaven (IHV) and earth (IVH ?) are defined as follows:
Cholam (O)
The mater lectionis letter which is usually employed with holam is vav, although in a
few words, the letters alef or he are used instead of vav. When it is used with a mater
lectionis, the holam is called holam male (חולל ם למלא א, IPA: [χoˈlam maˈle], "full holam"),
and without it the holam is called holam haser (חולל ם חל סא ר, IPA: [χoˈlam χaˈser],
"deficient holam")18.
Shuruk (U)
The combination of the Hebrew letter “( וvav”) with a dagesh which represents the
vowel /u/19.
Chirik (I)
When writing with niqqud, the letter yud ⟨ ⟩יis often written after the letter that carries
the Hiriq sign. This is called ḥiriq male (Hebrew: יח ייריק למלא אIPA: [χiˈʁik maˈle]),
meaning "full" (or "plene") hiriq. In writing without niqqud, the letter yud is added
more often as a mater lectionis, than in writing with niqqud20.
28 Pater means father. A quick and dirty translation of the phrase would be father Zeus, and yes, it does appear in
ancient Greek sources. eg: "Ὑπερβίῳ δὲ Ζεὺς πατὴρ ἐπ᾽ ἀσπίδος..." - Aeschylus, Seven Against Thebes, line 512.
– yannis ♦ May 10 '17 at 23:13 (Source: Does the phrase "Zeus Pater" appear in ancient Greek sources?)
The personal pronouns of the 1st person singular
In a number of languages the personal pronouns of the 1 st person singular form a subset of three
vowels which is extracted from the theonym's name. We may check and test these rules at the
Provencal words DIÉU and IÉU.
For unknown reasons the Latin personal pronouns “EGO” is replaced by “IO” in Italian language.
The modern Italian theonym is “DIO”, which may be related to the Latin word “DIÓUS”. In Latin
the corresponding pronoun should be spelled “IÓU” instead of “EGO”.
These archaic personal pronouns (jau, jou, jeu, etc.) are still in use in the most remote Alpine
valleys. In the catholic diocese Chur in Graubünden we may find a great number of ego-pronouns.
In the Val Müstair (Münstertal) we may hear the dialect Jauer, which is named after the personal
pronoun ”jau” (“I”). In an overview of the Romansh languages (Jauer, Sursilvan, Sutsilvan,
Surmiran, Putèr and Vallader) we may find the following personal pronouns:
Language / Region /Idiom Personal pronoun
dialect of the 1st person singular
29 in the book The Unfolding Of Language: The Evolution of Mankind`s greatest Invention
30 The term "the heaven" alludes to the union of the male and female, and it is forbidden to separate them, but rather
one should combine them, for they are the secret of the voice and the utterance Yud Hei Vav Hei (YHVH) - Adonai,
which are united into one.
The age of pentagrams31
The following sketch illustrates the dual concepts of the archaic pentagrams DIAUS PITAR and
*DJOUS PITER, in which the sky-god is attributed with the title “father”. Probably the pentagrams
PITAR or PITER may be as old as the sky-god's name DIAUS.
The following table suggests a few historical and geographical determinations for relevant
pentagrams:
Date Original Erosion Source Language
1500 BCE DIAUS PITAR DIAUS PITAR Dyaúh pitá Sanskrit
1500 BCE PITAR FATHER pitá Sanskrit
1250 BCE SPANIA SPAIN Rocks of Gibraltar Phoenician
SPĪNA SPĪNE pillar of the world
715–673 BC SABIN SABIJN (?) Sabine Sabine
715–673 BC IANUS JANUS Janus -god of the beginning Latin
and end
715–673 BC *DJOUS PITER JU-PITER Jupiter Latin
First temple 509 BCE
493 BCE LIBER PATER LIBER PATER ludi scaenici Latin
(religious dramas)
200 - 400 AD TIVAR, *TEIWS TIW, TÝR *Tīwaz Germanic
Gothic
286 AD FRANC FRANC Origins Salian Franks Frankish
FRANK FRANK
438 – 477 BESIN BESIN king Bisinus & Frankish
BASIN(A) BASIN(A) Basina v. Thuringia
466 AD (Ch)LODOVECH (Ch)LOUIS Clovis I (c. 466–511) Frankish
718 AD CHURL KAREL Charles Martel English
CAROLINGIAN CHARLES Carolingians Frankish
800 AD KAROLVS KAREL Charles I the Great Latin
814 AD LOUIS LOUIS the Louis the Pious, Emperor Latin
PIOUS and King of the Franks from
….. …. …. 814 to his death
LOUIS XIX of LOUIS XIX of → LOUIS XIX of France
France, King of France, King and Navarre for twenty
1830 AD France of France minutes in 1830 before his
abdication
Spain
SPAIN had been interpreted as the “pillar” or backbone of the sky. The Phoenicians traveled the
Atlantic Ocean and named this backbone SPANIA, which is preserved in the pentagrams of
numerous languages:
The origins of the Roman name Hispania, and the modern España, are uncertain,
although the Phoenicians and Carthaginians referred to the region as SPANIA, therefore
the most widely accepted etymology is a Semitic-[22] one. There have been a number
of accounts and hypotheses of its origin. There is the claim that "Hispania" derives from
the Basque word Ezpanna meaning "edge" or "border", another reference to the fact that
the Iberian Peninsula constitutes the southwest corner of the European continent.[27] 33
Sabin
Numa Pompilius was of Sabine origin and instituted a number of fundamental temples and divine
names such as IANUS.
Numa Pompilius (753–673 BC; reigned 715–673 BC) was the legendary second king of
Rome,[1] succeeding Romulus after a one-year interregnum.[2] He was of SABINE
origin, and many of Rome's most important religious and political institutions are
attributed to him, such as the Roman Calendar, Vestal Virgins, the cult of Mars, the cult
of JU-PITER, the cult of Romulus, and the office of Pontifex Maximus.[2] 34
Janus
Obviously IANUS and JU-PITER had been installed at the same episode of Roman history. At the
beginning Ianus was supposed to be the highest divinity.
Numa (715–673 BC) in his regulation of the Roman calendar called the first month
Januarius after Janus, according to tradition considered the highest divinity at the time.
Numa also built the Ianus geminus (also IANUS Bifrons, IANUS Quirinus or Portae
Belli), a passage ritually opened at times of war, and shut again when Roman arms
rested.[51]
32 Source: Dyaus
33 Source: Etymology (Spain)
34 Source: Numa
Jupiter
In contrast to *DJOUS "day, sky" + *PATĒR "father" I would translate the second section "father"
as a pentagram “PITER” instead of *PATĒR:
Jupiter (from Latin: Iūpiter [ˈjuːpɪtɛr] or Iuppiter [ˈjʊpːɪtɛr],[11] from Proto-Italic
*DJOUS "day, sky" + * PATĒR "father", thus "sky father"),[12] also known as JOVE
(gen. IOVIS [ˈjɔwɪs]), is the god of the sky and thunder and king of the gods in Ancient
Roman religion and mythology.
In Roman mythology, he negotiates with Numa Pompilius (reigned 715–673 BC) , the second king
of Rome, to establish principles of Roman religion such as offering, or sacrifice.
LIBER entered Rome's historical tradition soon after the overthrow of the Roman
monarchy, the establishment of the Republic and the first of many threatened or actual
plebeian secessions from Rome's patrician authority. According to Livy, the dictator A.
Postumius vowed games (ludi) and a joint public temple to a Triad of Ceres, Liber and
Libera on Rome's Aventine Hill, c.496 BC.[5] In 493 the vow was fulfilled: the new
Aventine temple was dedicated and ludi scaenici (religious dramas) were held in honor
of LIBER, for the benefit of the Roman people. These early ludi scaenici have been
suggested as the earliest of their kind in Rome, and may represent the earliest official
festival to LIBER, or an early form of his Liberalia festival.[6]35
Tivar
TIVAR is the perfect pentagram, which was to be abbreviated to TĪG, TĪǷ, TIW and TÝR. The
analog Gothic name is a perfect pentagram *TEIWS (later *TĪUS).
The Old Norse theonym Týr stems from an earlier Proto-Norse form reconstructed as
*TĪWAƦ,[2] which derives – like its Germanic cognates TĪG, TĪǷ (Old English) and
*Ziu (Old High German) – from the Proto-Germanic theonym *TĪWAZ, meaning '(the)
God'.[3] The name of a Gothic deity named *TEIWS (later *TĪUS) may also be
reconstructed based on the associated rune tyz.[2][4]
Týr is the eponym of the Tiwaz rune (ᛏ), a letter of the runic alphabet corresponding to
the Latin letter T. 36
35 Source: Liber
36 Source: Etymology (Týr)
Tiwaz rune was an ideographic symbol for a spear (SPĪNA). TĪWAZ is mentioned in all three rune
poems (Old Norwegian, Old Icelandic and Old English). In the Icelandic and Norwegian poems, the
rune is associated with the god TÝR.
• The charm (alu) on the Lindholm amulet, dated from the 2nd to the 4th century,
contains three consecutive t runes, which have been interpreted as an invocation of
Týr.[6]
• The Kylver Stone (400 AD, Gotland) features 8 stacked Tiwaz runes at the end of an
Elder Futhark inscription.
Therefore the TĪWAZ-symbol may be dated from the 2nd to the 4th century.
It stems from Proto-Indo-European *deywós, meaning 'celestial, heavenly one', hence a
'god' (cf. Sanskrit devá 'heavenly, divine', Old Lithuanian deivas, Latin deus 'a god,
deity'), itself a derivation from *dyēus, meaning 'diurnal sky', hence 'daylight-sky god'
(cf. Sanskrit Dyáuṣ, Greek Zeus, Latin Jove).[10][11][12] The Germanic noun *tīwaz is
further attested in the Finnic loanword teivas, found as a suffix in the deities
Runkoteivas [fi] and Rukotiivo.[2] 38
The first mention of FRANKS in the area was about 286 AD, during the reign of
emperor Probus (276–282), when Carausius was put in charge of defending the coasts
of the Straits of Dover against Saxon and Frankish pirates.[7]
Basina
The legendary queen BASIN(A) (Basina, c. 438 – 477) left her husband, king Bisinus and went to
Roman Gaul. She herself took the initiative to ask for the hand of Childeric I, king of the Franks,
and married him. For as she herself said, "I want to have the most powerful man in the world, even
if I have to cross the ocean for him".[1] She is the mother of the man who is remembered as the
founder of the Frankish realm and modern France. She and her husband Childeric named their son
Chlodovech, but he is more well known under his Latinised name, Clovis I.
According to Gregory of Tours, Childeric was exiled at some point, the reason being
given as Frankish unhappiness with Childeric's debauchery and his seduction of the
daughters of his subjects. Childeric spent eight years in exile in "Thuringia" waiting to
make a return.[6] In the meantime, according to Gregory, Aegidius himself took up the
title of king of the Franks. Upon his return Childeric was joined by the wife of his host,
Queen BASIN(A), who bore Childeric his son CLOVIS.[7]
37 Source: Tiwaz_(rune)
38 Source: Etymology (Týr)
Clovis I
The essay The Naming Convention for Kings in Francia describes the composition of the royal
name Clovis (c. 466–511) who received his name (In Frankish: *HLŌDOWIK , *HLŪDAWĪG or
*Hlōdowig, Latin: Chlodovechus), which is interpreted as the root (Ch)LOUIS for the royal dynasty
LOUIS.
This name derives from the Old High German name “Chlodowich and Chlodovech”,
composed of two elements: “*HLŪDAZ”, meaning (to hear, loud, sound, noise /
famous) and “WĪG”, meaning (fight, battle, fighter, able to fight). The name means
“glorious in battle, famous warrior”. Directly from the root of the name derives, for
example, “LŪDWĪG” and from “(Ch)LODOVECH”, for example, derive the masculine
form “CLOVIS and Clodoveo”. CLOVIS I, “Latinized form Chlodovech”, king of the
Franks and ruler of much of Gaul from 481 to 511, a key period during the
transformation of the Roman Empire into Europe. His dynasty, the Merovingians,
survived more than 200 years, until the rise of the Carolingians in the 8th century. While
he was not the first Frankish king, he was the kingdom’s political and religious
founder.39
Numerous Frankish and French royals inherited this pentagram. The royal pentagram LOUIS did
not deteriorate by linguistic erosion.
Karel Martel
The Carolingian dynasty takes its name from CAROLVS, the Latinised name of Charles
Martel (“the hammer”), de facto ruler of Francia from 718 until his death.[3] The name
"CAROLINGIAN" (Medieval Latin karolingi, an altered form of an unattested Old
High German word karling or kerling, meaning "descendant of Charles" cf. MHG
kerlinc)[4][5] means "the family of Charles."[6]
The name KAROL or KAREL may have been cognate to Ceorl or Churl (the lowest rank of a
freemen).
A churl (Old High German karal), in its earliest Old English (Anglo-Saxon) meaning, was
simply "a man" or more particularly a "husband", [1] but the word soon came to mean "a non-
servile peasant", still spelled ċeorl(e), and denoting the lowest rank of freemen. According to
the Oxford English Dictionary, it later came to mean the opposite of nobility and royalty, "a
common person". Says Chadwick:[2]
we find that the distinction between thegn and ceorl is from the time of
Aethelstan the broad line of demarcation between the classes of society.
During the Early Middle Ages, KAROLVS the Great united the majority of western and central
Europe. He was the first recognized emperor to rule from western Europe since the fall of the
Western Roman Empire around three centuries earlier.[5] The expanded Frankish state that
Charlemagne founded is called the Carolingian Empire.
The role of the letter-classification played an important role in all compositions of royal and divine
names of predecessors, such as CLOVIS (ChLODOWIG) and descendants such as Lewis (LEWIS,
English), Louis (LOUIS, French), Lodewijk (LODEWIJK, Dutch) and Ludwig (LUDWIG,
German)40.
There is an incredible number of the name Louis, which is listed in Wikipedia's overview titled:
Louis (given name) - Royalty:
Intro
From earlier studies the vowels had been proven the most important symbolism-carriers. Therefore
I decided to investigate the vowel-oriented issues in the Zohar44.
The Zohar's explanation of the intonations, vowels (points), and letters is given in the following
comment section:
The relationship between the Hebrew letters, vowels (points) and intonations are
explained in terms of their spiritual significance. The Zohar tells us that the letters,
vowels and intonations are not merely the building the blocks of language. They are the
building blocks of the entire cosmos. They are the sounds of creation, the forces by
which stars and planets are constructed, and by which physical and metaphysical worlds
are erected.
Just as a human voice in song can shatter glass and evoke tears, the Hebrew alphabet
affects both physical and spiritual realities. We can set these forces in motion by
meditatively scanning the very letters that speak of the secrets of the letters themselves.
By so doing, we can draw spiritual sustenance and Light into our daily lives.45
This documents illustrates my interpretation based on the Zohar's translations into English and
German. Quotations have been capitalized as listed in the source file, but the relevant keywords
have been highlighted.
The Hebrew of the late centuries BC and early centuries AD had a system with five phonemic long
vowels [aː eː iː oː uː] and five short vowels [a e i o u]. Of these vowels a subset I, O, U and Hei
intensely has been used for symbolism, which is explained in the Zohar.
Most of the symbolism refers to the creation phase, in which words are being generated by
combining letters. The three basic vowels I, O, U also refer to three pillars, which represent gender,
planets, colors, etc.
There is a striking correlation to the IOU-root for the central Roman god Jupiter. The words ius,
pius (pious), justice, judge, iugum, yoke, etc., which may relate to Jupiter, belong to derived
subsets of the IU-words.
42 Source: Notes to the Letters' Symbolism in the Zohar ( jwr47 , dated: 14-10-2014, 14:03:25)
43 Source: Zohar
44 Source and numbering refer to the pdf-web document Zohar-Aramaic-English-Bilingual
45 Full text of "The Zohar Aramaic English Shimon Bar Yohai, Moses De León"
References for the vowel Hei to West-European languages exist in the categories: ǣw (“custom,
tradition, law”) which has been derived from Proto-Germanic *aiwō, *aiwaz (“law”), from Proto-
Indo-European *oiw- (OIW) (“custom, tradition, law”). Cognate with Old Saxon êo, Ol Frisian
ewa, êwe, ê, â, Old German êwa, êha, êa, ê (German Ehe → Matrimony). Even “heaven” may be
correlating to the vowel “Hei”.
Short overview
Hei
One of the basic principles is the particle “Et” (the) as a set combining the complete alphabet,
represented by the initial letter Aleph and the terminal letter Tav.
Adding a letter Hei to words symbolizes a union between objects: wherever male and female are
separate, the letter Hei cannot be found. Adding a letter Hei to the set of the complete alphabet
(Aleph->Tav) symbolizes Atah (a singular “you”49). The addition of Hei changes life (chai) to
animal (chayah).
The Hebrew letter Hei directly seemed to have been copied from Hebrew to the German language,
especially in “Heirat” (German: “marriage”) and Ehe” (German: “matrimony”). The correlation
between the vowel Hei and “ewig” (German for “eternal”) and “eeuwig” (Dutch for “eternal”)
seems to be obvious:
ǣw (“custom, tradition, law”) has been derived from Proto-Germanic *aiwō, *aiwaz
(“law”), from Proto-Indo-European *oiw- (OIW, “custom, tradition, law”). Cognate
with Old Saxon êo, Ol Frisian ewa, êwe, ê, â, Old German êwa, êha, êa, ê (German Ehe
→ Matrimony).50
The table indicates a strange and compact composition of singular vowels I (the male sun), H and
V (the female moon), the columns, the sefirah, the metals (gold, silver, brass and iron), the elements
(fire, air, water and earth) and the universe (North, East, South and West including the codes in the
Sepher Yetzirah).
Traces of the Antipodes in the Greek, Etruscan and Roman Triads
At the 5th of November 2021 we went to Bavaria to visit and study the ancient Roman city of
Kempten (Latin: Cambodunum). The area was possibly settled originally by Celts, but was later
taken over by the Romans, who called the town Cambodunum. Kempten is the oldest urban
settlement (town) in Germany.[3] The city possibly served as provincial capital of Raetia during the
first century before Augsburg took over this role.
The Greek geographer Strabo mentions in 50 BC a polis (town) of the Celtic Estiones
named Kambodunon. This is considered the oldest written reference of any German city.
So far no archaeological evidence could be found that this Celtic settlement really
existed.52
At the location of the Roman polis a number of concrete buildings had been excavated. In the
excavations we may discern three main locations: the forum, the protected temple area and the
thermae. Also the main axes (the cardo and decumanus) had been identified.
In the sacred area the archaeologists reconstructed a few temples for the minor deities Mercury,
Heracles and the Celtic goddess Epona53. Only the Roman priest had an access to these temples.
According to the description the Capitoline Latin Triad “Jupiter, Juno and Minerva” had been
honored at the forum (All fora would have a Temple of Jupiter at the north end). The Temple of
Jupiter Optimus Maximus on the Capitoline Hill was the oldest large temple in Rome, dedicated to
the Capitoline Triad consisting of Jupiter and his companion deities, Juno and Minerva,
For my studies I decided to inspect the name Minerva, which in analogy to Jupiter also might have
been composed as a pentagram. The name Minerva seems to be inherited from the Etruscans, who
named the goddess MENRVA. In this name MENRVA the missing letter I may be inserted to turn
the name MENRVA into MENIRVA, which seems to be a suitable predecessor for the Roman
Minerva (MINERVA). I now decided to list a number of archaic triads from the beginning of the
scripture.
Minerva ( Etruscan: Menrva) is the Roman goddess of wisdom and strategic warfare,
justice, law, victory, and the sponsor of arts, trade, and strategy. Minerva is not a patron
of violence such as Mars, but of defensive war only.[2] From the second century BC
onward, the Romans equated her with the Greek goddess Athena.[3] Minerva is one of
the three Roman deities in the Capitoline Triad, along with Jupiter and Juno.
MINERVA of Menerva was the virgin goddess of music, poetry, medicine, wisdom, commerce,
weaving, and the crafts.[4]
She is often depicted with her sacred creature, an owl usually named as the "owl of
Minerva",[5] which symbolised her association with wisdom and knowledge as well as,
less frequently, the snake and the olive tree. 54
The name Minerva stems from Proto-Italic *meneswo' ('intelligent, understanding'), and
ultimately from Proto-Indo-European (PIE) *MENOS ('thought'). Helmut Rix (1981)
and Gerhard Meiser (1998) have proposed the PIE derivative *menes-ueh₂ ('provided
with a mind, intelligent') as the transitional form.[8] 55
Following the Greek myths around Athena, she was born of Metis (METIS), who had
been swallowed by Jupiter, and burst from her father's head, fully armed and clad in
armour.[9] Jupiter raped the titaness METIS. 58
According to Varro,[1] it was so-called because it was held on the fifth (quinqu-) day
after the Ides, in the same way as the Tusculans called a festival on the sixth day after
the Ides Sexatrus or one on the seventh Septimatrus.[2] Both Varro and Festus state that
the Quinquatrus was celebrated for only one day, but Ovid[3] says that it was celebrated
for five days, hence the name: on the first day no blood was shed, but that on the last
four there were contests of gladiators. The first day was the festival proper, and that the
following four were an expansion made perhaps in the time of Caesar to gratify the
people. The ancient Roman religious calendars assign only one day to the festival.59
56 Minos Etymology
57 Minos Other connections
58 Origin
59 Quinquatria
An overview of the various antipodes in the Greek, Etruscan and Roman Triads
The following table lists the various antipodes (father ↔ mothers, son, predecessor or consorts) in
the Greek, Etruscan and Roman Triads. Most entries are composed from the 5 phonetic categories.
• The archaic name of “father” Zeus (*Dii ēus) may have been composed from one of the
Mycenaean Greek words DI-WE or DI-WO. His consort may have been “mother DE” (De-
meter), whose original name may have been composed as the Old-Norse móðir (“mother”,
“MÓÐIR”).
• As an Hellenic sky-god “father” Zeus (*Dii ēus) *DYEUS PH2TĒR is known to have been
“impregnated” with Metis (Μῆτις - METIS - “wisdom”) and Thémis (Θέμις - ThÉMIS -
“justice”).
• The Etruscan Trinity is composed with three deities: TINIA - UNI - MENRVA, in which
only the third name may be interpreted as MENIRVA as a predecessor for the Roman
Minerva (MINERVA).
• The archaic Latin Triad “Jupiter, Mars and Quirinus” may have been interpreted as
(*DJOUS "day, sky" + *PITER "father"), Mars (?) and Quirinus (JANUS).
• The Capitoline Latin Triad “Jupiter, Juno and Minerva” may have been interpreted as
(*DJOUS "day, sky" + *PITER "father"), Junos IUNO(S) and Minerva (MINERVA,
“wisdom”).
• The Aventine Latin Triad “Liber, Libera, Ceres” may have been interpreted as “LIBER
("the free”) + *PITER ("father"), Libera (LIBERA) and DE (De-meter), whose original
name may have been composed as the Old-Norse móðir (“mother”, “MÓÐIR”).
Table 13 Overview of the Greek, Etruscan and Roman gods (and their triads)
As a result we may identify the correlation between the Roman MINERVA (wisdom) the Etruscan
MEN(I)RVA (wisdom) and the Greek word METIS (wisdom).
In the following overview some of the deities are composed as a couple of partners: 'Father Sky',
and 'Mother Earth'.
Traces (such as the Mycenaean words DI-WE / DI-WO) may be identified as pentagrams, in which
the dental S is missing. The Mycenaean name MINOS may be name of a royal dynasty, but I would
not be surprised if (in analogy to METIS and MINERVA) MINOS is just another word for “wisdom”.
Table 14 Overview of the pentagrams for various gods (and their correlations)
Notes to the Greek, Etruscan and Roman gods and their triads
Investigating the lists of deities I checked the following lists for obvious pentagrams, which were
not too badly deteriorated to identify the pentagrams in their names:
• List of solar deities
• List of light deities
• List of lunar deities
• List of earth deities
Some of the divine triads include an epithet, which indicated a link to another deity such as Janus
(JANUS). Other divine names include strange pentagrams as attributes (such as LAPIS for a
“stone”).
Mars however seemed to be an inherited deity from a neighboring people such as the Oscans.
In the Rigveda, Earth and Sky are primarily addressed in the dual as DYAVAPṚTHIVI.
[2] She is associated with the cow. Prithu, an incarnation of Viṣṇu, milked her in cow's
form. ( PRITHU)60
Mitra
Mitra (Proto-Indo-Iranian: *mitrás) is the name of an Indo-Iranian divinity from which
the names and some characteristics of Rigvedic Mitrá and Avestan Mithra derive. 61
Mithra
Mithra (Avestan: ?ミᆲ フ?
フ ミᆲ ᆳ ? Miθra, Old Persian: ?ミホᄚ ? Miça) commonly known as Mehr, is
the Zoroastrian angelic divinity (yazata) of covenant, light, and oath. In addition to being the
divinity of contracts, Mithra is also a judicial figure, an all-seeing protector of Truth, and the
guardian of cattle, the harvest, and of the Waters.
Together with the Vedic common noun mitra, the Avestan common noun miθra derives from Proto-
Indo-Iranian *mitrám (Mitra), from the root *mi- "to bind", with the "tool suffix" -tra- "causing to".
Thus, etymologically mitra/miθra means "that which causes binding", preserved in the Avestan
word for "Covenant, Contract, Oath".[citation needed] 62
Liber
Before his official adoption as a Roman deity, Liber was companion to two different goddesses in
two separate, archaic Italian fertility cults; Ceres, an agricultural and fertility goddess of Rome's
Hellenised neighbours, and Libera, who was Liber's female equivalent. In ancient Lavinium, he was
a phallic deity. Latin liber means "free", or the "free one"; when coupled with "pater", it means
"The Free Father", who personifies freedom and champions its attendant rights, as opposed to
dependent servitude. The word 'liber' is also understood in regard of the concept libation, ritual
offering of drink, which in Greek relates to 'spondé', literally related to English 'to spend'. 64Liber
In ancient Roman religion and mythology, Liber (/ˈlaɪbər/ LY-bər, Latin: [ˈliːbɛr]; "the
free one"), also known as Liber Pater ("the free Father"), was a god of viticulture and
wine, fertility and freedom. He was a patron deity of Rome's plebeians and was part of
their Aventine Triad. His festival of Liberalia (March 17) became associated with free
speech and the rights attached to coming of age. 65
Jupiter Stone
In the Roman tradition, oaths were sworn upon Iuppiter Lapis or the Jupiter Stone
located in the Temple of Jupiter, Capitoline Hill. Iuppiter Lapis was held in the Roman
tradition to be an Oath Stone, an aspect of Jupiter in his role as divine lawmaker
responsible for order and used principally for the investiture of the oathtaking of office.
Iuppiter Lapis (LAPIS) is the god under whose protection they act, and whom the chief
fetial (pater patratus) invokes in the rite concluding a treaty.[36] 66
Mārs
The word Mārs (genitive Mārtis),[8] which in Old Latin and poetic usage also appears
as MĀVORS (Māvortis),[9] is cognate with Oscan Māmers (Māmertos).[10] The oldest
recorded Latin form, MAMART-, is likely of foreign origin.[11] It has been explained
as deriving from Maris (MARIS), the name of an Etruscan child-god, though this is not
universally agreed upon.[12] 67
Quirinus
In Roman mythology and religion, Quirinus (/kwɪˈraɪnəs/ kwi-RY-nəs,[2] Latin: [kᶣɪ
ˈriːnʊs]) is an early god of the Roman state. In Augustan Rome, Quirinus was also an
epithet of Janus (JANUS) Quirinus.[3] 68
63 Aventine Triad
64 Liber
65 Liber
66 Fetials
67 Mars
68 Quirinus
Metis
By the era of Greek philosophy in the 5th century BC, Metis had become the mother of
wisdom and deep thought, but her name originally connoted "magical cunning" and was
as easily equated with the trickster powers of Prometheus as with the "royal metis" of
Zeus.[3] The Stoic commentators allegorised Metis as the embodiment of "prudence",
"wisdom" or "wise counsel", in which form she was inherited by the Renaissance.[4] 69
Thémis
Thémis means "divine law" rather than human ordinance, literally "that which is put in place",
from the Greek verb títhēmi (τίθημι), meaning "to put."
Themis is said to be the second consort of Zeus [4] after Metis. Zeus also took Themis' advice
without question, including her advice on starting the Trojan war to rid the world of men. [5] 70
69 Metis
70 Thémis
Summary
The Theonym of a universal sky-god DIÉUS seems to be created as a symbolic composition of the
5 phonetic sources, which had been identified in the mechanism in the human voice: (1) the tongue,
(2) the lips, (3) the teeth, (4) the windpipe with its vocal cords (in the larynx) and (5) the palate (the
roof of the mouth).
The Germanic antipodes TUÏSTO (chthonic) ↔ *TIWAZ (celestial) may be compared to the
Roman antipodes Jupiter DIÓUS ↔ Dis (DIUES) and the Hebrew antipodes IEU (celestial) ↔
IUE (terrestrial).
The following table displays an overview of these antipodes :
In the Hebrew language the name-giving of the Theonym IHV may be opposed from IHV (celestial)
to IVH (terrestrial) by switching two letters (H and V).
In Latin a similar permutation of two letters (O and U) opposes the theonym DIÓUS – PITĒR
(Jupiter, celestial) towards DIVES PATER (Dis-Pater, chthonic).
In Germanic languages the same permutation of two letters (I and W) opposes *TIWAZ (Tiw/Tuw)
to TUÏSTO.
In a fourth and fifth row of the table the theonyms *TEIWS (later *TĪUS) opposes to *TUEIS (→
TUÏSTO?). A simplified opposition of the Germanic theonyms *TĪUS ↔ *TUÏS illustrates the
basic principle of the antipodal behavior by permutation of the the (male) symbol I ↔ the (female)
symbol U.
Checking the symbolism of the vowels I remembered the description of the 3 vowels Cholam (O),
Shuruk (U) and Chirik (I) in the Zohar. As a triad I H V this name describes the sky and the
theonym. Additionally the Zohar also describes the symbolic unification (YHVH) of man (Y) man
and woman (U).
As a result of this paper we may identify the correlation between the Roman MINERVA (wisdom) the
Etruscan MEN(I)RVA (wisdom) and the Greek word METIS (wisdom):
MINERVA = MEN(I)RVA = METIS (wisdom).
Overview of studies (and vita) of Joannes Richter
Born 1947 in the Netherlands the author studied electrical engineering at the Technical University
of Eindhoven (Netherlands) and received a Master of Science degree in 1972. From 1972 I designed
communication-systems for various large and medium-size German companies, including antennas,
propagation systems and IT-databases for data-management.
From 1989 (in my spare time) the author studied etymology and linguistics as a communication
tool, which might be optimized by ternary coding. Technical ternary systems may often be found in
managing data structures, searching and sorting procedures. Most technical ternary systems may be
found in the early stages of data processing, electronic systems and communications.
In the reorganized Old Persian alphabet we may identify 7 triads. The script contains three vowels,
(A, I, U) and twenty-two consonants: (K, X, G) - (C, Ç, J) - (T, Θ, D) - (P, F, B) - (N and M ) - (
Y, V, R) - (L) - (S, Z, Ś) and (H). The 7 triads form an impressive ternary communication system.
Each triad is provided with three symbolic keys to control a dedicated group of muscles.
The archaic alphabets (Hebrew, Ugaritic) seem to have been designed to group 5 phonetic sources
or categories. Important words are composed as pentagrams (5-letter words, in which each letter
represents one category). Vowel cores inside the pentagrams may be defined as triads, which belong
to the most respected linguistic definitions.
Contents
Abstract.................................................................................................................................................1
Introduction..........................................................................................................................................2
The Name of the sky-god DIAUS........................................................................................................3
The antipodes DIÓUS ↔ DIS and TUISTO ↔ TIWAZ......................................................................4
The additional attribute PITĒR for “Father”........................................................................................7
The other pentagrams...........................................................................................................................7
A 3-dimensional display of the Roman universe..................................................................................8
The antipodes East and West (?)...........................................................................................................9
The vowels I, O, U in the Zohar.........................................................................................................10
The personal pronouns of the 1st person singular .............................................................................13
The metaphors for the first words......................................................................................................14
Notes to the Letters' Symbolism in the Zohar....................................................................................22
Traces of the Antipodes in the Greek, Etruscan and Roman Triads...................................................25
Summary.............................................................................................................................................32
Overview of studies (and vita) of Joannes Richter.............................................................................33
Appendices.........................................................................................................................................35
Appendices
December 2011
• Proceedings in the Pronouns' Etymology (Summary 2009-2018)
• The Hermetic Codex II - Bipolar Monotheism (Scribd)
Appendix 2 - The (incomplete) overview of perfect pentagrams
According to a comment to the Sefer Jetsirah the letters in the Hebrew alphabet had been
categorized according to 5 categories, which are based on the 5 phonetic sources where the human
voice is generating the phonetic sounds.
Based on Rabbi Saadia Gaon's Judeo-Arabic commentary on “Sefer Yetzirah” (chapter 4,
paragraph 3), wherein he describes the phonetic sounds of the 22 characters of the Hebrew
alphabet and classifies them in groups based on their individual sounds: “Aleph ( )א, hé ()ה, ḥet (
)ח, ‘ayin ( )עare [gutturals sounds] produced from the depth of the tongue with the opening of
the throat, but bet ()ב, waw ()ו, mim ()מ, pé ( )פare [labial sounds] made by the release of the lips
and the end of the tongue; whereas gimel ()ג, yōd ()י, kaf ()כ, quf ( )קare [palatals] separated by
the width of the tongue [against the palate] with the [emission of] sound. However, daleth ()ד,
ṭet ()ט, lamed ()ל, nūn ()נ, tau ( )תare [linguals] separated by the mid-section of the tongue with
the [emission of] sound; whereas zayin ()ז, samekh ()ס, ṣadi ()צ, resh ()ר, shin ( )שare [dental
sounds] produced between the teeth by a tongue that is at rest. 72”
The following dictionary documents a number (~200) of perfect pentagrams in various languages.
Only a subset of these words have been composed as pentagrams. Other words unintentionally may
have turned into pentagrams. The words from the Latin dictionary are not yet updated in the
following table73:
#
Pentagram P Information Definition Language
1. A
AGNUS P agnus, Agnus Dei - (Noun) A lamb, especially Lamb Latin
one used as a sacrifice.
2. A
AMRIT P Amrit - a Phoenician port located near present- Amrit Punic (?)
day Tartus in Syria.
3. A
AMRIT P Nectar, s. AMṚTAṂ in Amrit – Yogawiki nectar Sanskrit
4. A
ANGUS P Angus Anglicized form of Scottish Gaelic Angus Scottish
Aonghas, perhaps literally "one choice". In Irish
myth, Aonghus was the god of love and youth.
5. A
APRIL P fourth month, AUERIL, from Latin (mensis) april (month), English
AVRIL P Aprilis 2nd Month Old French
6. A
ARJUN(A) P Kern: Arjun Arjuna Sanskrit
7. A
A ARMIN P The etymology of the Latin name Arminius is Armin Dutch
ARMINIUS - unknown Latin
8. A
AULIS P Aulis From Ancient Greek Αὐλίς (Aulís). Aulis (port) Latin
Ancient port-town, located in Boeotia in central
Greece
9. B
BÆTIS P Baetis, a river (Guadalquivir) in Spain Guadalquivir Latin
10. B
BATIR P Batir beat Spanish
11. B
BINZA P binza Pellicle Spanish
12. B
BISEL P bisel bezel Spanish
13. B
BISON P from Latin bison "wild ox," bison Latin
14. B
BÔZINE - Dialect: bôzine ‘landlady’. (bazin) landlady French
15. B
BRENG P To bring To bring Dutch
72 Footnote in Modern Hebrew phonology (quoted in The Composition of the Sky-God's Name in PIE-Languages)
73 Based on The Architecture of the Words '(to) Free'
#
Pentagram P Information Definition Language
16. B
BRIAN P Brian. Etymology: Uncertain; possibly borrowed Brian Irish
from Proto-Brythonic *brɨɣėnt (“high, noble”).
17. B
B BÂTIR P bastir "build, construct, sew up, baste, make to build French
BASIN P baste (v.2) - Water vessel (of unknown origin) basin English
18. B
B BRAIN P Brain, brein; of uncertain origin, evt. van fr. PIE Brain Dutch
BREIN P root *mregh-m(n)o- "skull, brain" English
19. B
B BRIDE P Bride – Old-Frisian BREID; Dutch BRUID bride Dutch
B
BREID P English
BRUID - Old-Frisian
20. B
P BREChT P splendid (Brecht) splendid Dutch
B
PRAChT P Brecht (pronoun) bright Germanic
BRIGHT - bright (splendid) English
21. B
P BESIN P king Bisinus ( BESIN in Frankish) Thuringian Dutch
B
B
PISΕN P PISΕN in Lombard king Frankisch
BASIN(A) P Basina, the queen of Thuringia (5th century). Basina v. Lombard
BAZIN P woman in charge Thuringia Thuringian
woman in
charge
22. C
CĀNUS cānus (canus): grey, old, aged, venerable gray-haired Latin
23. C
CHURL P Churl (ceorl or CHURL), Churl English
lowest rank of freemen). (freeman)
24. C
CHURN P Churn Churn English
25. C
CROWN P "crown" – from Latin corona crown English
26. D
(D)JOUR - Jour day French
27. D
DECUS P Decus - deeds of honor, Grace, splendor, beauty. decus Latin
Honor, distinction, glory. Pride, dignity.
28. D
DIAUS P Dyáuṣ Pitṛṛ Sky-Father Sanskrit
29. D
DIÉU(S) P Dieu God French
30. D
DIVES P dives rich, wealthy Latin
31.
D DIS-PATER - Dīs Pater Dīs Pater Latin deity
D DĪVES-PATER P originally DĪVES-PATER (m.)
32. D
DIVUS - Divine, godlike – from the same source as deus. Divine Latin
godlike
33. D
DYEUS P *Dyeus DIEUS PIE
34. E
ELPIS P Elpis hope Greek
35. E
ERIDU P Eridu is the first city in the world by the ancient Eridu ?
Sumerians
36. E
ERMÏN P Tacitus's Germania (AD 98): (Irminones) (H)ERMÏN – Latin
(ARMIN) Herman
37. F
FAÐIR P faðir Father Old-Norse
38. F
FASTI P Fasti - Allowed days Fasti Latin
39. F
FĒLIS P Felis – cat, fret cat Latin
40. F
FELIZ P feliz (happy) feliz Spanish
#
Pentagram P Information Definition Language
41. F
FESTI P Festī, Festî - ‘strength, power, document’ (veste) fort Ohd.
42. F
FIETS P Origin uncertain. Maybe from “vietse” ‘running’; bicycle Dutch
etymology from fiets (rijwiel)
43. F
FINAR P finar to die Spanish
44. F
FRANC P Frank free Dutch
FRANK P
45. F
F FRIJŌNĄ - from Proto-Germanic *frijōną to love; to Proto-Germ.
V
F
FRIJŌN P to free; make free free; to like Prt.-W.
V
V
VRÎEN P Germ.
F FRIJEN P M.L. German
VRIEN P Low German
VRIJEN P Middle Dutch
FRIJŌN P Dutch
Gothic
46. F
S FIDES P Fides, (confidence, trust)74 Fides Dutch
F
ΣΦΊΔΗ P σφίδη (sphídē). σφίδη Latin
BIDDEN - Old English: BIDDAN "to ask, beg, pray” (sphídē). Old Greek
to ask, beg,
pray
47. G
GAUTR P Runen-Sprachschatz (Runic dictionary,German) wise man Icelandic
48. G
GENUS P genus (GENUS, “kind, sort, ancestry, birth”) Family, Latin
pedigree
49. H
S (HI)SPANIA - Spain Spain Spanish
S
SPAIN P English
SPANIA - Phoenician
50. I
IOU-piter – Jupiter (D)IOU(S) JOU-piter Latin
*DJOUS P (*DJOUS PATĒR)
51. I
ISLAM P Islam – "submission [to God]" Islam English
52. I
ISTÆV P Tacitus's Germania (AD 98) – Istvaeones ISTÆV – Latin
53. I
J IANUS P Janus -god of the beginning and end [1]. Janus Latin
JANUS P Janus French
54. J
JUDAS P Judas Judas (name) Dutch
55. J
JULES P Jules Jules (name) French
56. J
JURAT P Jurat in Guernsey en Jersey Jury (court) French
57. J
JURON P juron curse French
58. J
JUSTE P Just "just, righteous; sincere" just French
JUSTO P Spanish
59. J
JUTES P Jutes People of English
Jutland
60. K
KAUTR P Related to (runes) “Kuþlant” (Gotland) and wise runic
“Guth” (God)
61. K
KOTUS P Kotys (war, slaughter) war, slaughter Greek
74 Numa is said to have built a temple to Fides publica; Source: fides in William Smith, editor (1848) A
Dictionary of Greek Biography and Mythology
#
Pentagram P Information Definition Language
62. K
H *KHLAIBUZ - loaf (n.), the Germanic origin is uncertain bread Germanic
H
HLEIFR Hleifr Old-Norse
HLAIFS Hlaifs Gothic
63. K
K KRAUT P Kraut / cruyt – Gothic *krûþ (genitive *krûdis), herbs Dutch
C
KRUID – neuter, might be taken for krû-da German
CRUYT - Indo-European references are unsecure.
64. L
*LIB(A)RŌ P Lever (Germanic: *LIB(A)RŌ-) liver English
65. L
LACUS P the l-rune (OE lagu, ON lǫgr/laugr (i, k, l, m ) water in some Latin
LAGUZ Laguz form Old-Norse
LAUGR
66. L
LAPIS P Stone - May be connected with Ancient Greek lapis Latin
λέπας (lépas, “bare rock, crag”), from Proto-
Indo-European *lep- (“to peel”)
67. L
LEVIS P Levis, light (not heavy), quick, swift . Fickle , Levis (light) Latin
dispensable , trivial, trifling , easy (e.g. food)
68. L
LEWIS P Lewis (Louis, Clovis) Lewis English
69. L
LIBAR P libar suck Spanish
LIBER
70. L
L LIBER P the word Liberi was a pluralia tantum Child Latin
LIBERI - (only used in the plural) Children
71. L
LIBRA P Libra scales Latin
72. L
LIBRA P libra Pound Spanish
P Libra Libra
(astrology)
73. L
LIBRE P libre (adj.) free Spanish
74. L
LIEF(S) P Lief – crefte lieuis ‘power of love’ [10e century; Love Dutch
W.Ps.]
75. L
LIMES P Limes (border) border Latin
76. L
LIi MOS Limos starvation Greek
77. L
LIVER P liver liver English
78. L
LIVES P lives lives English
79. L
LIVRE P livre book French
80. L
LOCUS P Location – Latin locus is from Old-Latinn stlocus Location Latin
‘id.’, etymology uncertain; maybe from → stal.
(loco-.)
81. L
LOUIS P Louis (Chlodowig) - LOUIS Louis French
82. L
LOUIS P Clovis (Chlodovechus) (Ch)LOUIS Clovis French
83. L
LUGAR P lugar {m} location Spanish
84. L
LUIER P luier (diaper) diaper Dutch
85. L
LUXIA (?) - Luxia1 (river in Spain: Rio Tinto) Tinto river Latin
86. L
LUXOR P among the oldest inhabited cities in the world Luxor, Egypt
87. L
L LIBER P Liber - free, independent, unrestricted, unchecked free Latin
L
#
Pentagram P Information Definition Language
L
L LIURE P (→ freeman) Old Occitan
LIBRO P Old Occitan: liure ; Provencal libro Provencal
LIVRE P Portuguese: livre Portuguese
LIBRE P French: libre French
88. M
MANUS - Manus - (मनस):—[from man] m. man or Manu man, mankind Sanskrit
(the father of men)
89.
M MATIR P Mother - vanDoorn A (2016). "On The Mother Gaulish
Gaulish Influence on Breton"
90. M
MEDIR P medir (algo) {verb} measure Spanish
91. M
MELIS P Melis (honeybee → [Telling the bees]) Melis (name) Dutch
92. M
MENSCh P man (person) Man (person) Dutch
93. M
MERIT P Merit (Christianity), Merit (Buddhism), Variants: Merit English
MARIT P Maret (Estonia)/Marit (Swedish). (Name)
94. M
METIS P Metis (personified by Athena, pag. 2-59) Mind, Greek
(ΜΗΗΤΙΣ) P wisdom. She was the first wife of Zeus. wisdom
95. M
MIDAS P Midas (/ˈmaɪdəs/; Greek: Μίδας) is the name of Midas Greek
one of at least three members of the royal house
of Phrygia.
96. M
MILES P Latin mīles (“soldier”) ; Myles (given name) mīles Latin
(“soldaat”)
97. M
MÌNAS P Μήνας (moon) moon Greek
98. M
MINOR P minor (“less, smaller, inferior”) minor Latin
99. M
MINOS P Royal Name Minos Linear A
(Cretan)
100. M
MIThRA(S) P Mithra - Zoroastrian angelic divinity (yazata) Mithra Avestan
of covenant, light, and oath
101. M
MITRA P Mitra (Deity in the Rigveda) Mitra (god) Sanskrit
102. M
MÓÐIR P Móðir - mother mother Icelandic
103. M
MΑRKT P markt (from Mercatus?) (market) market Dutch
104. M
M *MELKS P Melk(en) milk Dutch
M
MÉLŽTI – (Lithuanian MÉLŽTI; Slovene MLÉSTI < Lithuanian
MLÉSTI - *MELZTI; all ‘milks’.) Slovene
105. N
NABIS P Nabis - Nabis, tyrant of Sparta Nabis Latin
106. N
NAVIS P Nāvis- ship or nave (middle or body of a church) ship Latin
107. N
NÎMES P Nîmes Nîmes French
108. N
NĪRAṂ P nīraṃ water Sanskrit
109. N
NUGOR P Nugor- I jest, trifle, play the fool, talk nonsense I trifle Latin
110.
O OCNUS P Ocnus – king of Alba Longa. He founded Ocnus Latin
modern Mantua in honor of his mother.[1]
111.
O OMNIS P Omnis - all, a word of unknown origin all Latin
112. P
PANIS P Pānis (bread, loaf ) bread, loaf Latin
113. P
PARThI P Parthi - the Parthians, a Scythian people, Parthi Latin
#
Pentagram P Information Definition Language
114. P
PEDIR P pedir algo {verb} request Spanish
115. P
PEDIS P Pĕdis - Louse louse Latin
116. P
PĒNIS P Penis ; Old Low German root: *PISA penis Latin
117. P
PIeTER P Pieter (symbolic “PITER” or “PITAR”, because Pieter Dutch
the “e” indicates a long I vowel)
118. P
PILAR P short for "Maria del Pilar" and a popular Spanish Pilar (name) Spanish
given name
119. P
PILAR P Pilar (Catalan, Norwegian Bokmål, Nynorsk) pillar Catalaans
Noors
120. P
PITAR P Pitar (father) Father Sanskrit
121. P
PITER P Initial Name Sankt-Piter-Boerch (Санкт-Питер- Saint-Piter- Russian
Бурхъ) for Saint Petersburg (from Geschiedenis) Borough
122. P
PRAChT P Pracht (splendor) splendor Dutch
123. P
PRANG P Prang (nose clip) nose clip Dutch
124. P
PRITHVI - Prithvi earth Sanskrit
125. P
PRONG P Prong ([Fish-]fork) (Fish-)fork English
126. P
PYOTR P Pjotr (name) Peter Russian
127. P
P POLIS P ancient Greek city-state, 1894, from Greek polis, polis Greek
PTOLIS - ptolis "citadel, fort, city, .." from PIE *tpolh-
"citadel; .. high ground; hilltop"
128. P
P POTIS P powerful, able, capable; possible powerful Latin
PATIS P husband Lithuanian
129. P
P POLISh P from Latin polire "to polish, make smooth; To polish (E) English
P
POLIRE - decorate, embellish;" , from: polīre ‘polish’, polieren (D) Latin
POLIS P unknown etymology. polijsten (NL) French
130. Q
QUERN P quern (n.) quern English
131. Q
QUR'AN P Quran – het heilige Boek van de Islam Quran Arabic
132. R
RAPID P rapid from French rapide, from Latin rapidus rapid English
133. R
RIJVΕN P rijven (to rake) (to write) To rake, Dutch
to write
134. R
RIVAL P rival - from Latin rivalis "a rival" originally, "of rival English
the same brook,"
135. R
RĪVΕN P rīven (mnd. rīven ‘to rub’) To rub mn-Dutch
136. R
RIVΕT P rivet (fastener) rivet English
137. R
R RUÏNΕ P maybe from Latin verb ruere ruin Dutch
RUINA P (plural: RUINÆ) Latin
138. R
R RIJPΕN P ripen (etymology uncertain) ripen Dutch
R
RIPΕN P ripen English
REIFΕN - reifen German
139. S
SIBYL P sibyls are female prophets in Ancient Greece. sibyl English
140. S
SILVA P Silva (wood, forest ) Silva Latin
#
Pentagram P Information Definition Language
141. S
SIMLA P Simla (city in India) Simla (stad) Indian (?)
142. S
SIMON P simon simon Dutch
143. S
SMILA Smile: Scandinavian source (such as Danish smile, smirk, Swedish
SMILE SMILE "smile," Swedish SMILA "smile, smirk, simper, fawn Danish
SMIÊT simper, fawn"), from Proto-Germanic *smil-, Latvian
extended form of PIE root *smei- "to laugh,
smile"
144. s
SPAIN P Spain - Spain English
145. S
SPILE P Spile wooden fork Lettish
146. S
SPINA P Spina - Etruscan city at the mouth of the Po-river Spina (city) Etruscan
147. S
SUTHI P tomb tomb Etruscan
148. S
S SABIN P Sabine [member of an Italian tribe] {1625} Sabine Etruscan
SABIJN P etymology: ‘kin’ sabijn Dutch
149. S
S SAUIL P sauil (Gothic), de zon en de letter “S” sun, Gothic
S
SAULI P sauli (Lithuanian, Indo-European Languages) (the letter S) Lithuanian
SÁULĖ - sáulė (Lithuanian)
150. S
S SPINE P spine (thorn, backbone, needle) Thorn, back English
S
S
SPĪNA P spīna (thorn, backbone, needle) Needle Latin
E
S
SPINÁ P spiná (спинаṛ , back) backbone Russian
ΣΠΊΛΟΣ - σπίλος (spílos) (rock, reef, cliff) cliff Greek
ESPIÑA - espiña spine Galician
SPELD - speld, diminutive form of SPINE needle Dutch
151. s
SWINE P Swine - Old High German swin, Middle swine English
Dutch swijn, Dutch zwijn, German Schwein,
Old Norse, Swedish, Danish svin)
152. T
*TEIWS P The name of a Gothic deity named *TEIWS *TEIWS Gothic
(later *Tīus) (later *Tīus)
153. T
TAGUS P The river Tagus in Spain, (in Spanish: Tajo) Tagus (river) Latin
154. T
TAMIS P tamis sifter French
155. T
TAPIR P Tapir Tapir English
156. T
TAXUS P Taxus baccata (European yew) yew English
157. T
TERUG P terug (backward) backward Dutch
158. T
ThEMIS P ThEMIS – After METIS the 2nd wife of Zeus Themis Greek
(ΘEMIΣ) P (justice)
159. T
THIUS P Thius (Late Latin) uncle Thius Latin
From Ancient Greek θεῖος (theîos).
160. T
THUIS P thuis (at home) “at home” Dutch
161. T
TIBER P Tiber (name) Tiber as a Latin
river
162. T
TIEUS P TIEUS (Tieu) plural of - A surname, borrowed Tieu(s) Vietnamees
from Vietnamese Tiêu, from Chinese 蕭.
163. T
TIFOS P Tifos "still water" still water Aegean
164. T
TIMOR P timor (Latin) awe, reverence. fear, dread. timor Latin
#
Pentagram P Information Definition Language
165. T
TIVAR P Plural for the deity týr gods Old-Norse
166. T
TIVAS P *Tīwaz deity Proto-
Germanic
167. T
TIWAS P Tiwaz Sun (as God) Luwian
168. T
TIWAZ P Rune (ᛏ) for the deity Týr Týr rune
169. T
TJEUS P nickname to define the JEU-sayers Val Medel Surselvisch
(Sw.)
170. T
TRIBΕ P Tribe (stam) Tribe English
171. T
TUROG P Locale pagan deity in Sussex Turog (god) Celtic (?)
172. T
T TAPIS P Tapis, rug French
T
TAPIS P Byzantine-Greek byz-Greek
TÁPĒS - Tápēs, Greek Greek
173. U
UNIRΕ P ūnīre (to join, to unite, to put together), ūnīre Latin
174. U
U ÛÐIRA P udder udder Germanic
UIDER P
175. U
U URINA P from Latin urina "urine," from PIE *ur- (source Urine, sperm Dutch
URINΕ P also of Greek ouron "urine"), variant of root *we- (source:urine) Latin
r- "water, liquid, milk, sperm" English
176. U
W UUATIRO – water (in watrischafo [709; ONW]) water Dutch
U
WATRIS – Old-Irish uisce ‘water’ (zie ook → whisky); (vloeistof) Dutch
UISCE - Old-Irish
177. V
VAÐIR P vaðir (from váð; piece of cloth; garment) Clothes (plr.) Old-Norse
178. V
VANIR P Vanir- House of the Wise (group of gods Vanir English
associated with health, fertility, wisdom, and the
ability to see the future. )
179. V
VENUS - Godess for love, beauty, desire, sex, fertility, Venus Latin
prosperity and victory
180. V
VIDAR P Víðarr - son of Odin Víðarr Old Norse
181. V
VIRAL P Viral viral English
182. V
VLIES P Vlies (membrane) membrane Dutch
183. V
VRAChT P Vracht (freight) freight Dutch
184. V
VRIJEN P (1): “het VRIJEN”: to make love (1240). 1: To court Dutch
Originally: “to love” (from: vriend in 2: The free
Etymologiebank). people
(2): “de VRIJEN”: the “free people” (“FRANKs”)
185. W
(W)ILUŠA - Wiluša (Ἴλιον, Īṛlion ) Troy, Īṛlion Hittitisch
186. W
WHIRL P whirl to spin English
187. W
WIJZEN P To point, to teach To teach Dutch
188. W
WIZARD - Wizard – (originally): "to know the future." (?) philosopher English
189. W
WRANG P Wrang (sourish) sourish Dutch
190. W
WRONG P wrong wrong English
191. W
W WRITE P To write To write English
#
Pentagram P Information Definition Language
WRITA P Old Frisian
192. W
W WETEN - “To have seen” - to wit (v.), weten, weten To know Dutch
V
WISSEN - (German); OldChurchSlaw. viždą, vidiši, viděti to see, German
VIŽDĄ ‘zien’ vědě ‘ik weet’; to know OCL
193. Z
ZEMLJA - Zemlja (earth) earth Slavic
194. ΦΦ
L FILOS P Filos, from: “philosopher” love Greek
L
ΦIΛOΣ P ΦIΛOΣ Greek
LIEF(S) P Dutch
LIeBES - German
In this appendix the notes are included in their original structure and contents of 2014. The category
of the relevant letters (such as the three basic vowels I, O, U) are highlighted.
Intro
From earlier studies the vowels had been proven the most important symbolism-carriers. Therefore
I decided to investigate the vowel-oriented issues in the Zohar77.
The Zohar's explanation of the intonations, vowels (points), and letters is given in the following
comment section:
The relationship between the Hebrew letters, vowels (points) and intonations are
explained in terms of their spiritual significance. The Zohar tells us that the letters,
vowels and intonations are not merely the building the blocks of language. They are the
building blocks of the entire cosmos. They are the sounds of creation, the forces by
which stars and planets are constructed, and by which physical and metaphysical worlds
are erected.
Just as a human voice in song can shatter glass and evoke tears, the Hebrew alphabet
affects both physical and spiritual realities. We can set these forces in motion by
meditatively scanning the very letters that speak of the secrets of the letters themselves.
By so doing, we can draw spiritual sustenance and Light into our daily lives.78
This documents illustrates my interpretation based on the Zohar's translations into English and
German. Quotations have been capitalized as listed in the source file, but the relevant keywords
have been highlighted.
The Hebrew of the late centuries BC and early centuries AD had a system with five phonemic long
vowels [aː eː iː oː uː] and five short vowels [a e i o u]. Of these vowels a subset I, O, U and Hei
intensely has been used for symbolism, which is explained in the Zohar.
Most of the symbolism refers to the creation phase, in which words are being generated by
combining letters. The three basic vowels I, O, U also refer to three pillars, which represent gender,
planets, colors, etc.
There is a striking correlation to the IOU-root for the central Roman god Jupiter. The words ius,
pius (pious), justice, judge, iugum, yoke, etc., which may relate to Jupiter, belong to derived
subsets of the IU-words.
75 Source: Notes to the Letters' Symbolism in the Zohar ( jwr47 , dated: 14-10-2014, 14:03:25)
76 Source: Zohar
77 Source and numbering refer to the pdf-web document Zohar-Aramaic-English-Bilingual
78 Full text of "The Zohar Aramaic English Shimon Bar Yohai, Moses De León"
References for the vowel Hei to West-European languages exist in the categories: ǣw (“custom,
tradition, law”) which has been derived from Proto-Germanic *aiwō, *aiwaz (“law”), from Proto-
Indo-European *oiw- (OIW) (“custom, tradition, law”). Cognate with Old Saxon êo, Ol Frisian
ewa, êwe, ê, â, Old German êwa, êha, êa, ê (German Ehe → Matrimony). Even “heaven” may be
correlating to the vowel “Hei”.
Short overview
Hei
One of the basic principles is the particle “Et” (the) as a set combining the complete alphabet,
represented by the initial letter Aleph and the terminal letter Tav.
Adding a letter Hei to words symbolizes a union between objects: wherever male and female are
separate, the letter Hei cannot be found. Adding a letter Hei to the set of the complete alphabet
(Aleph->Tav) symbolizes Atah (a singular “you”82). The addition of Hei changes life (chai) to
animal (chayah).
The Hebrew letter Hei directly seemed to have been copied from Hebrew to the German language,
especially in “Heirat” (German: “marriage”) and Ehe” (German: “matrimony”). The correlation
between the vowel Hei and “ewig” (German for “eternal”) and “eeuwig” (Dutch for “eternal”)
seems to be obvious:
ǣw (“custom, tradition, law”) has been derived from Proto-Germanic *aiwō, *aiwaz
(“law”), from Proto-Indo-European *oiw- (OIW, “custom, tradition, law”). Cognate
with Old Saxon êo, Ol Frisian ewa, êwe, ê, â, Old German êwa, êha, êa, ê (German Ehe
→ Matrimony).83
Vowels I, O and U
The vowels have been specified as the holy seed, which played a key-role in the creation process.
This isolates the vowel set IOU, from the remaining vowels A, E in the Roman alphabet and the
ligature Æ. The vowels named holy seed (I, O and U) also form the core set IOU for the Roman
God's name Jupiter85. The words ius, pious, justice, judge, iugum, yoke, etc., which may relate to
Jupiter, belong to derived subsets of the IU-words.
IOU
I noticed the German translation of the Zohar by Ernst Müller 87 specified the vowels Cholam (O),
Shuruk (U) and Chirik (I) in the following section, in which by joining the vowels (points) for the
triad (e.g. IOU) had been formed - the last NAME OF Eheyeh:
9. That supernal point, WHICH IS ARICH ANPIN, sowed inside the temple--WHICH
IS YISRAEL - SABA AND TEVUNAH-- the secret of the three points (vowels):
Cholam, Shuruk and Chirik. So they are combined into one secret, a Voice that emerges
from the joining of the three points. When THE VOICE came forth, its female
counterpart came with it. She included all the letters as it is written: "The heavens..."
(Beresheet 1:1); that is, the voice and its feminine principle. This voice, which is THE
SECRET OF the heavens, is the last NAME OF Eheyeh, which is the brightness that
contains all the letters and colors in this manner.
This connects the last NAME OF Eheyeh to the vowel name such as IOU.
38. The three Points--Cholam, Shuruk and Chirik-- are called holy seed. FOR
THROUGH THE THREE SOWINGS--CALLED CHOLAM, SHURUK and
CHIRIK--THE MOCHIN OF CHOCHMAH ARE REVEALED, WHICH ARE
CALLED HOLINESS. THE THREE POINTS ARE THEREFORE CALLED HOLY
SEED88.
85 Linguistic studies identify the form *Iou-pater as deriving from the Indo-European vocative compound *Dyēu-pəter
(meaning "O Father Sky-god"; nominative: *Dyēus-pətēr).
86 Full text of "The Zohar Aramaic English Shimon Bar Yohai, Moses ...
87 Scribd-document: ERNST MÜLLER - DER SOHAR - Das heilige Buch der Kabbala
88 Full text of "The Zohar Aramaic English Shimon Bar Yohai, Moses ...
The central pillar emanating the foundation (Yesod) of the world
The three points I, O, U are the holy seed for the foundation (Yesod) of the world:
38. For no seed can be sown FOR THE PURPOSE OF THE MOCHIN except according
to this secret, NAMELY THE SECRET OF THE THREE SOWINGS OF CHOLAM,
SHURUK AND CHIRIK.
Intonations
Several sections of the Zohar refer to intonations, which also involve vowels such as the Cholam
(O).
210. In the holy name, Yud-Hei-Vav-Hei ascends to the fourth TUNE OF THE
INTONATIONS.
213. The Revi'i (fourth) OF THE CANTILLATION MARKS is for raising the voice,
the Tevir of the cantillation marks is for lowering the pitch. Shalshelet holds to the two
columns like a chain AND JOINS THEM TO EACH OTHER. It is like the Revi'i, with
which one prolongs the word WITH MELODY. It is a point like the Cholam. There is
no point AMONG THE POINTS that does not have a corresponding cantillation mark.
For example, the vowel Segol corresponds to the Segolta intonation, the vowel Sheva
corresponds to the intonation Zakef gadol. There is always a vowel corresponding to a
cantillation mark for all those who know the hidden secrets.
The four letters expand from Chochmah to holy Malchut, as Chochmah is Yud, Binah is
Hei, the six Sfirot CHESED, GVURAH, TIFERET, NETZACH, HOD AND YESOD
are Vav and Malchut is the last Hei. Cholam is a crown on all the letters.
The vowel hierarchy in the Torah
The Hebrew of the late centuries BC and early centuries AD had a system with five phonemic long
vowels [aː eː iː oː uː] and five short vowels [a e i o u].
89 In modern Hebrew (Sephardi/Israeli), the Kamatz usually indicates the phoneme /a/
90 The Patach and Kamatz sound like a long and short "a"; the Patach is used when there is a closed syllable, and the
Kamatz is used when there is an open syllable.
91 The Segol and Tsere make a medium to long "e" sound, such as in the English words "elephant," Eskimo," and
"egg."
92 In modern Hebrew, it indicates the phoneme /e/
93 The Shva appears as two small dots in a vertical line beneath a Hebrew letter and is used to indicate that either there
is no vowel for that particular Hebrew letter, or that there is only a short half-vowel, sounding like the short "i" in
the English words "it," "is," and "in."
94 In modern Hebrew the Cholam indicates the mid back rounded vowel, [oo] the Cholem has a short "o" sound, such as
the English words "dot," "hot," "caught."
95 the Chirik is pronounced as "ee," such as in the English words "we" and "neat.".
96 The Kubbutz appears as three small diagonal dots below a Hebrew letter and makes a long "oo" sound, such as in
the English words "blue" and "crew."
97 The Shuruk appears as a single dot inside the letter Vav and sounds like a long "oo" such is in the English words
"pool" and "school."
98 Hebrew Vowels
Ten Sfirot
274. Ten Names are engraved by the King's authority. THE TEN NAMES REFER TO
THE TEN SFIROT; there are ten SFIROT, AS EXPLAINED IN SEFER YETZIRAH
(THE BOOK OF FORMATION); TEN EXACTLY, NOT NINE OR ELEVEN.
NEVERTHELESS, THEY ALSO add up to a greater number, WHICH IS A
REFERENCE TO THE 72 NAMES. THIS CAN BE EXPLAINED FURTHER. These
seventy colors that glow in all directions derive from these Names, THAT IS, FROM
THE 72 NAMES. AND THESE SEVENTY COLORS WERE ENGRAVED and formed
into the secret of the seventy Names of the angels, which are the secret of the heavens.
72 Names(9 vowels)
275. And they are Michael, Gavriel, Refael, Nuriel. Kamatz (a vowel): Kedumiel,
Malkiel, Tzadkiel. Patach (a vowel): Pedael, Tumiel, Chasdiel. Tzere (a vowel):
Tzuriel, Raziel, Yofiel. Segol (a vowel): Stuteriyah, Gazriel, Vatriel, Lamael. Chirik (a
vowel): Chazkiel, Rehatiel, Kadshiel. Sheva (a vowel): Shemael, Barchiel, Ahiel.
Cholam (a vowel): Chaniel, Lahadiel, Machniel. Shuruk (a vowel): Shamshiel,
Rehaviel, Kamshiel. Shuruk (a vowel) called melafum. Shemar'el, Rehatiel, Karshiel.
277. Tefuriya, Shachniel, Renael, Kamriyah, Tzuriyah, Psisiyah, Iriel, Samchiel, Neriel,
Madoniyah, Lasniyah, Kamsariyah, Yeriel, Tasmasiyah, Chaniel, Zachriel, Vadriel,
Hinael, Denabael, Gadiel, Bedael, Adiriron. Adonai is above them all.
362 "But on the Shabbat day it shall be opened, and on the day of the new moon it shall
be opened," because at those times, the sacred makes use of the sacred, and the moon,
WHICH IS THE FEMALE PRINCIPLE, shines in order to unite with the sun,
WHICH IS ZEIR ANPIN.
101. They proceeded on their way, and after a while he said: When the moon, WHICH
IS THE FEMALE PRINCIPLE, approaches the sun, WHICH IS ZEIR ANPIN, then
the Holy One, blessed be He, stirs up the northern side, WHICH IS THE LEFT
COLUMN THAT IS DRAWN FROM THE POINT OF SHURUK, and He grasps her
lovingly and draws her toward Himself.
'IN SILENCE' MEANS THAT SHE IS IN THE STAGE OF THE SIX ENDS AND
UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF THE POINT OF CHIRIK, WHICH IS THE SECRET
OF THE VERSE, "BUT HER VOICE WAS NOT HEARD" (I SHMUEL 1:13).
FOR THE WORDS 'VOICE' AND 'SPEAKING' SIGNIFY THE UPPER THREE
SFIROT. And now the moon is blessed and filled WITH THE ABUNDANCE, as a
woman approaches her husband. THIS MEANS THAT A COMPLETE MATING HAS
OCCURRED, IN WHICH THE ENTIRE MOCHIN ARE REVEALED TO THE
WORLD.
39. The left is set ablaze by the force of might and smells. It exudes the odor throughout
the grades, and from the glow of this fire it emanates the feminine principle called
moon. This blazing IS CONSIDERED TO BE darkness, because it extends from
darkness. And these two sides, THE RIGHT AND THE LEFT, produce these two
grades, one male and one female, BECAUSE YESOD, WHICH IS MALE,
EMANATED FROM THE RULE OF THE RIGHT OF ZEIR ANPIN.
41. The night, Master of all Earth, is the feminine principle. She emanated from the left
side, from that darkness.
He subtracted, IN THE FEMININE PRINCIPLE, THE LETTERS Vav and Yud from
vayikra, and so it is written OF HER only "he called (kara) night."
Here lies the secret of the name with the 72 letters that are inscribed in the supernal
crown - REFERRING TO THE SECRET OF THE LETTERS VAV AND YUD.
283. THE SIX PERMUTATIONS OF YUD HEI VAV consist of eighteen letters of the
six directions CHESED, GVURAH, TIFERET, NETZACH, HOD AND YESOD,
included in the Righteous, the life (Heb. Chai=18) of the worlds, WHO IS YESOD OF
ZEIR ANPIN.
Together with Hei, MALCHUT, it becomes Chayah (lit. 'animal'). The mystery of this
is Hei, such as the ark of Noah, MALCHUT, in which every kind was gathered two and
two, and seven and seven of the animals for offering. Two and two are four, seven and
seven are fourteen, AND TOGETHER they are eighteen (Heb. chai). The ark itself is
Hei, BEING MALCHUT; thus, the WORD Chayah is completed.
103Ernst Müller specifies for this section a singular version for “you”
11. Afterwards, the letter Hei was added to Et, so all the letters would be united with
Hei.
This formed the word Atah (you), which consists of the letters Aleph-Tav-Hei. Thus,
the verse reads: "And you do preserve them all" (Nechemyah 9:6). Et is the secret of
Adonai and is so called.
261. Whence do we know this? From the words, "If a girl (na'arah) is a virgin" Devarim
22:23), "na'arah" is written without a letter Hei (i.e., na'ar). What is the reason for this?
It is because she has not been linked to a male. And wherever male and female are
separate, the letter Hei cannot be found. NAARAH IS THEREFORE SPELLED
WITHOUT THE HEI, and THE HEI ascends, while THE NUKVA stays WITH THE
LETTER Dalet, WHICH ALLUDES TO POVERTY.
Sometimes the Hebrew letter Hei directly seemed to have been copied from Hebrew to the German
language, especially in “Heirat” (German: “marriage”) and Ehe” (German: “matrimony”). The
correlation between the vowel Hei and “ewig” (German for “eternal”) and “eeuwig” (Dutch for
“eternal”) seems to be obvious:
ǣw (“custom, tradition, law”) has been derived from Proto-Germanic *aiwō, *aiwaz
(“law”), from Proto-Indo-European *oiw- (OIW, “custom, tradition, law”). Cognate
with Old Saxon êo, Ol Frisian ewa, êwe, ê, â, Old German êwa, êha, êa, ê (German Ehe
→ Matrimony).104
YUD-HEI-VAV-HEI = Heaven
The following section explains the Tetragrammaton Yud-Hei-Vav-Hei as “Heaven” - the
matrimonial union of male and female, which cannot be divorced.
10. The term "the heavens" alludes to the union of the male and female, and it is
forbidden to separate them, BUT RATHER COMBINE THEM, FOR THEY ARE THE
SECRET OF THE VOICE AND THE UTTERANCE--YUD-HEI-VAV-HEI-ADONAI,
WHICH ARE UNITED INTO ONE.
106Ernst Müller specifies for this section a singular version for “you”
Creation
HVH
BECAUSE THE LETTERS HEI-VAV-HEI ARE THE SECRET OF THE TWO HEIS
WITH VAV BETWEEN THEM: the upper Hei IS BINAH, and the lower Hei IS
MALCHUT.
The Vav in between IS ZEIR ANPIN AND it completes AND ILLUMINATES both
sides, ABOVE IN BINAH AND BELOW IN MALCHUT.
This was signified by THE SPLITTING OF the waters of the Yarden (the Jordan River),
where the upper waters rose in a heap AND DID NOT DESCEND INTO THE DEAD
SEA.
35. These four ELEMENTS - FIRE, AIR, WATER AND EARTH-correspond to the four
directions of the world, BECAUSE THE RELATION BETWEEN THEM IS THAT OF
AN OUTER TO THE INNER.
THEREFORE, THEY are situated in these four - north, south, east and west - which are
the four directions of the world, and the four ELEMENTS abide in them. Fire IS to the
north side, WHICH ARE THE VOWEL SHURUK, THE LEFT COLUMN AND THE
SFIRAH OF GVURAH.
Air is to the east side, WHICH IS THE VOWEL CHIRIK, THE CENTRAL
COLUMN AND THE SFIRAH OF TIFERET.
Water is to the south side, WHICH IS THE VOWEL CHOLAM, THE RIGHT
COLUMN AND THE SFIRAH OF CHESED.
And these four ELEMENTS - FIRE, AIR, WATER EARTH – are connected to the four
DIRECTIONS - NORTH, SOUTH, EAST, AND WEST. And they are all one, EXCEPT
THEY ARE WRAPPED ONE WITHIN THE ANOTHER AS OUTER AND INNER.
And these FIRE, AIR, WATER, EARTH produce four metals, NAMELY BY MEANS
OF UNION WITH MALCHUT, which are gold, silver, brass and iron.
Colors
We are told that there are three colors in the eye - white, red and green - which are like
the three colors of Zeir Anpin. The pupil of the eye is black, the mirror that does not
illuminate. Rabbi Shimon says that the secret of seeing the three concealed lights is to
close your eyes and turn them inwardly toward Cholam, Shuruk and Chirik - the three
places that receive love, power and beauty.
When the eye is closed it sees the higher colors as did Moses, but when it is open it sees only the
lower colors.