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W A S T E W A T E R - W A S T E
ADVISORY LEAFLET
ATV-M 143E, Part 2
Optical Inspection -
Inspection, Repair, Rehabilitation and
Replacement of Sewers and Drains
April 1999
ISBN 3-934984-41-X
1 Preparation
Advisory Leaflet ATV-M 143, Part 2, was originally elaborated by the ATV Working
Group 1.6.5 "Rehabilitation and Replacement of Sewers and Drains". The members
were:
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Stein, Bochum (Chairman)
Dipl.-Ing. Adler, Köln
Dipl.-Ing. Ant, Bonn
Dr.-Ing. Beyert, Aachen
Dipl.-Ing. Blome, Bielefeld
Dipl.-Ing. Bloomfield, Oberhausen
Dipl.-Ing. Buchholtz, Berlin
Dipl.-Ing. Chwastek, Witten
Dipl.-Ing. Flick, Köln
Dipl.-Ing. Hoffmann, Pirmasens
Dipl.-Ing. Holzhausen, Frankfurt
Dipl.-Ing. Hoppe, Hamburg
Dipl.-Ing. Koch, Stuttgart
Dipl.-Ing. Kühl, Hamburg
Dipl.-Ing. Kusche, Vreden
Dipl.-Kfm. Müller, Schieder-Schwalenberg
Dipl.-Ing. Müsch, Mainz (<)
Dipl.-Ing. Petry, Heusenstamm
Dipl.-Ing. Schulte, Düsseldorf
Dipl.-Ing. Schulz, Brüggen
Dipl.-Ing. Siebert, Oststeinbek
Dipl.-Ing. Wagner, Berlin
This Advisory Leaflet has now been revised by ATV Working Group 1.7.8 “ Recording of
the Status and Assessment of Sewers and Drains”, which has the following members:
StBD Dieter Blome, Bielefeld (Chairman)
BD Dipl.-Ing. Bruno Chwastek, Witten
Bauass. Dipl.-Ing. Hans-Bernd Derse, Düsseldorf
BD Dipl.-Ing. Andreas Hartmann, Braunschweig
Dr.-Ing. Regina Haußmann, Aachen
Dr.-Ing. Martin Keding, Sankt Augustin
Dipl.-Ing. Susanne Kentgens, Bochum
Dipl.-Ing. Nikola Milojevic, München
Dipl.-Ing. Holger Zinn-Naß, Kisdorf (Deputy Chairman)
All rights, in particular those of translation into other languages, are reserved. No part of this Advisory Leaflet may be
reproduced in any form by photocopy, microfilm or any other process or transferred or translated into a language
usable in machines, in particular data processing machines, without the written approval of the publisher.
GFA - Publishing Company for Wastewater, Waste and Water Pollution Control, Hennef 1999
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ATV-M 143E, Part 2
Contents
1. Preparation 2
3 Preamble 4
4. Area of application 5
5. Preparatory measures 5
6. Implementation 6
7. Personnel 7
8. Equipment 7
8.1 Direct inspection 7
8.2 TV inspection 7
8.2.1 General 7
8.2.2 Camera systems 8
8.2.3 Observation and control point 9
9. Documentation 10
9.1 Inspection report 10
9.2 Video and photo documentation 10
11. Literature 11
Annex 1 13
Annex 2 14
Annex 3 16
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ATV-M 143E, Part 2
The application of this Advisory Leaflet is open to everyone. However, an obligation for
application can arise from legal or administrative regulations, a contract or other legal
reason.
This Advisory Leaflet is an important, however, not the sole source of information for
correct solutions. With its application no one avoids responsibility for his own action or for
the correct application in specific cases; this applies in particular for the correct handling
of the margins described in the Advisory Leaflet.
3 Preamble
Since the introduction of Advisory Leaflet ATV-M 143, Part 2, in June 1991 the
grammalogue system contained therein (terms for optical inspection of sewers and
drains) has proved, nation-wide, to be extremely satisfactory. In the course of
application, and also in connection with Advisory Leaflet ATV-M 149 “Recording,
Classification and Assessment of the Condition of Drainage Systems Outside Buildings”,
it has appeared that not all types of condition could be described using this grammalogue
system. For this reason, already in 1994, and then again in 1998, new symbols were
defined and published in ATV Reports (Korrespondenz Abwasser – KA 6/94 and KA
2/98). With this update of ATV-M 143, Part 2, on one hand the previous work is brought
together, whereby suggestions received have as far as possible been taken into account,
and on the other, the general part has been brought up to date.
In accordance with DIN 31051 and Advisory Leaflet ATV-M 143, Part 1 [1], under
“inspection” one understands all measures for the determination and assessment of the
actual condition of sewer systems or their components such as sewer sections,
assemblies and structures. Under “optical inspection” it is understood to mean the direct
visual inspection by human access and/or the indirect inspection using a TV system.
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ATV-M 143E, Part 2
Inspection is thus an essential component part of sewer operation. The legal necessity of
the inspection results from the traffic safety responsibility in accordance with the BGB
(German Civil Code) and the general obligation of the operator of the sewer system to
exercise due care. These are laid down in the (German) Water Resources Management
Law (WHG), in particular in §§ 1a and 18b, as well as in the Federal State laws and in
Federal State specific regulations (Ordinances, Administrative Instructions, Decrees) [2].
Damaged sewer systems can lead to wastewater exfiltration or groundwater infiltration
and, through these, represent an environmental hazard. Regular inspection is thus a
prerequisite for the avoidance of faults relevant for legal liability [2,3], fiscal liability [4],
regulatory liability [2] and criminal liability [5] as well as for the economic management of
the discharge of wastewater.
4 Area of Application
This Advisory Leaflet, together with ATV-M 143, Part 1 [1], and ATV-A 140 [6], applies
for optical internal inspection, i.e. the qualitative determination of the actual status of
sewer systems or their components such as sewers and drains, assemblies and
structures of local drainage systems, including private property drainage, within the
framework of maintenance, and that is, for example, with the
• determination of operational faults,
• regular inspection,
• preparation of measures for the repair of damage,
• acceptance of measures for the repair of damage,
• acceptance of measures for the repair of damage before the expiry of the warranty
period.
In addition, the Advisory Leaflet also applies for optical inspection within the framework
of
• acceptance of new constructional measures as well as for
• the acceptance of new construction measures before the expiry of the warranty
period and
• preservation of evidence.
Attention is drawn to ATV-M 149 “Recording, Classification and Assessment of the
Condition of Drainage Systems Outside Buildings” for the classification and assessment
of the condition of the drainage systems outside buildings.
5 Preparatory Measures
Sufficient planning documents are to be made available for the optical inspection. From
these the following must be particularly clear:
• site of operations,
• position, type, scope and general characteristics (e.g. sewer section/drain or shaft
designation) of the object to be inspected.
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ATV-M 143E, Part 2
Attention is to be drawn to particular hazards, e.g. danger of collapse, sewer
atmosphere, composition of the wastewater, pump surge as well as entry and escape
possibilities.
Fundamentally, the inspection object should be so cleaned that the actual status (audit)
can be recorded without problem. With particular problems a decision is to be made, in
the individual case, on the necessity and the scope of cleaning. During the inspection
using a TV system the availability of a suitable cleaning vehicle is to be ensured in order
to be able to carry out further cleaning as required.
The inspection object is to be kept sufficiently free of wastewater for the duration of the
inspection so that a fully satisfactory recording of the condition is possible. This can, for
example, be achieved by diversion, temporary backing-up or over-pumping.
Appropriate measures such as, for example, high pressure cleaning of the inspection
object immediately before inspection or forced ventilation of the wastewater system are
to be taken to avoid an explosive atmosphere in the sewer pipe [7,8,10,11,12].
Suitable measures are to be taken for the regulation, securing and stoppage of traffic, if
required in agreement with the road traffic authorities.
6 Implementation
Essentially the following can be recorded and qualitatively assessed through the optical
inspection:
• branches, connection pieces, inlets,
• obstacles,
• positional deviations,
• mechanical wear, corrosion,
• internal corrosion,
• deformations, alterations,
• cracks, fractures,
• pipe connections and joints,
• leakages,
• infiltration.
Optical inspection can take place directly by visual inspection by walking or driving
through or indirectly with the aid of a TV system (Fig. 1). Optical inspection must be
carried out carefully and with a working rate matched to the condition of the object. With
TV investigations the maximum rate of travel of the camera may not be more than 15
cm/sec. The actual status, in particular the conditions, is to be accurately considered,
measured and minuted. In cases of doubt repeat consideration or more extensive
investigations of individual sections are indicated. Peculiarities are to be recorded
through photographs, digital pictures and/or video recordings or other recording media.
Accident prevention regulations, in particular the (German) UVV Ortsentwässerung
[Accident Prevention Regulations Local Drainage] and the safety rules for work in
enclosed areas of wastewater engineering plant operation [8] are to be observed.
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ATV-M 143E, Part 2
7 Personnel
Responsible personnel tasked for the determination of the actual status are to have
constructional, operational and material engineering knowledge on sewers, specialist
knowledge of sewer inspection and at least one year’s inspection practice.
The assessment of the actual status is not part of the inspection and does not fall within
the activities of the inspector. The assessment of the actual status based on the
inspection takes place subsequently and assumes special technical knowledge and
experience.
8 Equipment
8.1 Direct Inspection
For direct inspection, visual inspection through walking or driving through the sewer
(cross-section > DN 800), the necessary aids and equipment for the inspection and its
documentation are also to be carried in addition to the laiddown personal protective
equipment.
8.2 TV Inspection
8.2.1 General
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ATV-M 143E, Part 2
• camera system (camera, lighting, transport and control facilities as well as cable with
deflection pulleys and linear measurement facility),
• observation and control point,
• monitor for pictorial reproduction,
• video recorder for visual recording,
• video printer,
• electronic data overlay equipment,
• computer with printer and plotter for immediate production of the inspection protocol.
The following additional equipment can be useful:
• facility for digital visual recording,
• facility for data archiving, e.g. CD ROM, MOD, DVD,
• video recorder for with time code,
• CD-ROM, MOD, DVD,
• additional measurement equipment for the determination of conditions in the sewer.
The equipment should be installed in a suitable vehicle.
The complete system must correspond with regulations in accordance with VDE
(Association of German Electrical Engineers) and DIN (German Industrial Standard
Specifications) as well as with the Accident Prevention Regulations UVV and be
operationally capable with ambient temperatures from – 15°C to + 45°C. In DIN VDE
0100 [13], with the use of alternating voltage safety, only clamping voltage or fuse
disconnection is permitted as safety measure.
The TV system should conform with the PAL standard specification (colour television).
The picture resolution of the camera must be at least 350 lines horizontal. A higher
picture resolution is recommended. Before the investigation (per videotape) it should be
checked by inspection of the TO5 Universal Test Picture (see Annex 1) reproduced to fill
the screen via the camera optics (application in accordance with DIN 25435, Part 4) [9].
With particular problem definitions (e.g. small cross-sections) the employment of a
black/white camera can be practical.
In addition to axial clear view there should be a possibility of radially inspecting details
such as joints or connections. For this cameras with infinitely adjustable viewing
direction, so-called revolving or panning head cameras, are to be employed. (> DN 200).
The camera lens used must have sufficient depth of focus or have remote focussing.
With non-revolving axial viewing cameras the angle of view is to be at least 90°
(measured diagonally on the screen).
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ATV-M 143E, Part 2
The lighting equipment must guarantee an even illumination of the field of view with all
pipe materials and may cause no reflections on the camera lens.
An electrically driven camera vehicle with wheels or tracks is to be used for the
movement of the camera in the pipe. This should be capable of being driven forwards or
backwards and, as required, being stopped. The rate of travel is to be variable. The
vehicle suspension and the camera mount must ensure a steady position of the camera
in the pipe axis during travel. In individual cases the camera can be towed through the
pipe using cable and winch or floating on pontoons. With pipelines which are no longer
drivable, the camera, centred using a guide, is moved through the pipeline via a flexible
rod.
The loading capacity of the cable including the connection to the cable plug is to be at
least 2,000 N in order to enable a manual recovery of the camera.
The linear measuring device must be able to measure the length of the driven stretch to
an accuracy of 0.5 % (maximum 25 cm).
If the TV inspection is recorded using a video recorder the horizontal resolution of this
video recorder should correspond with the camera as otherwise loss of quality of the
reproduction can occur.
9 Documentation
The actual condition of the sewer system is to be precisely and comprehensively
documented. Typical terms for the description of the condition are contained in Annex 2.
The documentation should cover:
• Inspection report (analogue and digital) with sewer section graphic,
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ATV-M 143E, Part 2
• Video documentation and, if required,
• Photo documentation (analogue or digital),
• DV orientated data exchange.
In order to guarantee an optimum and economic further processing of the data, the
employment of electronic data processing is recommended. Data exchange formats are
to be determined for this in advance.
The finished photos are to be clearly attached to the inspection report. The results of the
inspection report are to be shown clearly in a plan. If the inspection is recorded on
videotape it can serve as basis for example for:
• subsequent assessment and examination of the inspection,
• the determination of the changes to the condition,
• rehabilitation planning.
The videotapes are then to be systematically labelled. Each tape is to be allocated a
report related counter status protocol.
In general, with the selection of equipment, the most unfavourable inspection conditions
are to be taken into account. The inspection from a non-man-accessible sewer requires
special equipment (e.g. satellite camera).
Documentation is to be carried out based on that for public sewers so that comparative
assessments are possible.
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ATV-M 143E, Part 2
The optical inspection of shafts takes place, as a rule, visually.
11 Literature [Translator's note: known translations are give in English, otherwise a courtesy
translation is provided in square brackets]
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ATV-M 143E, Part 2
[9] DIN 25435, Part 4/11.87 (Appendix B): Wiederkehrende Prüfungen der
Komponenten des Primärkreises von Leichtwasserreaktoren - Sichtprüfung.
[Repeat Testing of Components of the Primary Circuit of Light Water Reactors –
Visual Inspection]
[10] DIN 57165/VDE 0165/9.80: Errichtung elektrischer Anlagen in
explosionsgefährdeten Bereichen [Erection of Electrical Plant in Explosion
Endangered Areas].
[11] Verordnung über elektrische Anlagen in explosionsgefährdeten Räumen (ElexV)
[Ordinance on Electrical Plant in Explosion Endangered Spaces], Carl Heymanns
Verlag KG, Köln.
[12] Richtlinien für die Vermeidung der Gefahren durch explosionsfähige Atmosphäre
mit Beispielsammlung - Explosionsschutz-Richtlinien (Ex-RL)(GUV 19.8)
[Guidelines for the Prevention of Hazards through Explosive Atmospheres with
Examples], herausgegeben von dem Bundesverband der Unfallsicherungsträger
der öffentlichen Hand e. V.
[13] DIN VDE 0100
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ATV-M 143E, Part 2
Annex 1
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ATV-M 143E, Part 2
Annex 2
Grammalogue System
From the structure of the grammalogue one differentiates "General texts", "Status texts
for sewers and drains" and "Status texts for shafts and structures of local drainage
systems".
"General text" grammalogues, unlike grammalogues for "Status texts for sewers and
drains", are not built up according to position but rather are laid down as complete two to
four character grammalogues, possibly with an added numerical detail (e.g. QVN300 =
changes of nominal width to DN 300).
The grammalogues for "Status texts for sewers and drains" and for "Status texts for
shafts and structures in local drainage systems", as a rule, consist of 4 grammalogue
positions. These are basically freely combined with each other, whereby theoretically,
combinations can be produced which, in practice, do not occur.
The first grammalogue position shows the status group, the second grammalogue
position the status definition. As a rule, a statement is made on possible leakage of the
sewer profile or the shaft at the third position grammalogue position (grammalogue: A, B,
E, F, M). Here, exceptions are conditions which are not, in origin, connected with leakage
(e.g. obstacles to flow, sedimentation, sand -----> HDS). The fourth grammalogue
position, as a rule, indicates the position of the particular status (grammalogue: A(bove),
B(elow), L(eft), R(ight), -), with shafts the object affected. However, here also, exceptions
exist.
(Status group) X
(Status definition) X
(Details on leakage) X
(Position in the profile) X
(Numerical addendum on corrosion and mechanical nn
wear)
Grammalogue X X X X
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ATV-M 143E, Part 2
With the exception of the first grammalogue position, the status text does not have to be
filled in for every position. In the case that existing input options at other grammalogue
positions are not affected or are not possible, the position concerned is filled with a "-" for
"no detail". The fourth grammalogue position (position in the profile) can also be used for
details on infiltration water, infiltration and back-up.
Should a condition in the sewer not be described accurately via the status text, there is a
possibility to specify this via the "Free text input (II)".
With the inspection of shafts/structures the position of the individual findings are to
marked by station, at least approximately, using an identification number
12
11 01
10 02
09 03
08 04
07 05
06 Ï Direction of main flow
The main trunk sewer has the number 12. The other connections (laterals, connections
to private properties, street gullies) into the shaft/structure in the same way receive
numbers from 01 to 12 clockwise in the direction of flow.
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ATV-M 143E, Part 2
Annex 3
Terms for the optical inspection of drainage systems outside buildings [German version].
1 General Texts
1.1 Control Abbreviations
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ATV-M 143E, Part 2
1.2 Type of Sewer
1.3 Materials
AZ = Asbestos cement
B = Concrete, non-reinforced
CNS = Special steel
FZ = Fibre cement
GFK = Glass fibre reinforced plastic
GG = Grey cast iron (cast iron with laminated graphite)
GGG = Ductile cast iron (cast iron with ball graphite)
ST = Steel
MA = Brickwork
OB = In situ concrete
PC = Polymer concrete
PCC = Polymer modified cement concrete
PEHD = Polyethylene (HD = high density)
PH = Polyester resin
PHB = Polyester resin concrete
PP = Polypropylene
PVCU = Polyvinyl chloride resin
SPB = Stressed concrete
STB = Reinforced concrete
STZ = Vitrified clay
1.4. Coatings/Linings
The following abbreviations, which produce a string of characteristics, without a gap, and
which consist of a maximum of four symbols, are to be used for the description of
coatings and linings.
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ATV-M 143E, Part 2
only in combination with "A" (material as short designation)
RO = lining using prefabricated pipes, locally produced pipes
or using locally produced and hardened pipes
EE = lining using individual elements e.g. sewer brick,
vitrified clay slabs, plastic elements
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ATV-M 143E, Part 2
2 Status Grammalogues
2.1 Status Grammalogues for Sewers and Drains
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ATV-M 143E, Part 2
2.2 Status Grammalogues for Shafts and Structures of Local Drainage Systems
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ATV-M 143E, Part 2
I = Incrustation
K = Sewer brick
L = Longitudinal
M = Jointing mortar
N = Incorrect construction
O = Outside, to the rear
P = Root growth
Q = Transverse
R = Crack
S = Fragment
T = Collapse
U = Closed
V = Vertical
W = Walling
X = Cracks, radiating from a point
Z = Crossing of other pipelines and cables
- = When none of the listed grammalogues fits
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ATV-M 143E, Part 2
3 Status Texts
3.1 Status Texts for Sewers and Drains
3.1.1 Branch (Fittings)
3.1.3 Corrosion
11 = Aggregate visible
12 = Aggregate projects
13 = Aggregate has fallen out
21 = Reinforcement visible, corroded
22 = Reinforcement in part absent or projects
32 = Jointing mortar in part absent
33 = Jointing mortar completely absent
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ATV-M 143E, Part 2
3.1.4 Deformation of Flexible Pipes and Linings
(all numerical addenda in % diameter reduction)
3.1.6 Obstacles
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ATV-M 143E, Part 2
3.1.10 Connection Pieces
W- - S nn Water back-up
(max. water depth) [cm]
W- - F Infiltration water inflow [-]
W- - G Large/heavy water infiltration [-]
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ATV-M 143E, Part 2
3.2.2 Fracture (all numerical addenda in cm2)
3.2.3 Corrosion
11 = Aggregate visible
12 = Aggregate projects
13 = Aggregate has fallen out
21 = Reinforcement visible, corroded
22 = Reinforcement in part absent or projects
32 = Jointing mortar in part absent
33 = Jointing mortar completely absent
3.2.4 Deformation
D- (A,E,F,-) (B,C,D,F,G,H,I
K,L,M,N,Q,S,T,V,-) Deformation or defect, general [-]
D- (A,E,F,-) W nn Deformation of shaft wall in
% of shaft diameter [%]
3.2.5 Poor Connections
3.2.6 Obstacles
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ATV-M 143E, Part 2
HK (A,B,E,F,M,-) (B,G,W,-) Protruding brickwork [-]
HP (A,B,E,F,M,-) (A,E,H,I,W,-) Root growth [-]
HZ (A,B,E,F,M,-) (A,B,E,G,H,I,W,-) nn Crossing pipeline, cable
diameter in cm [cm]
K- - (A,B,C,D,E,F,G,H,I,K,
L,M,N,P,Q,S,T,V,W,-) Sewer rehabilitation measures [-]
KN - (A,B,C,D,E,F,G,H,I,K,
L,M,N,P,Q,S,T,V,W,-) Sewer rehabilitation measures,
incorrectly carried out [-]
T- (A,B,E,F,M,-) (B,C,D,F,G,K,L,
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ATV-M 143E, Part 2
M,N,Q,S,T,V) nn Missing component, general,
if required with number [pce]
TK (A,B,E,F,M,-) (B,G,W) nn Missing brickwork [cm2]
U- (A,E,F,M,-) (A,B,C,D,E,G,H,
I,K,M,P,W,-) Visible leakage in area of
Individual component [-]
UC (A,E,F,M,-) (I) Shaft ring connection leaking [-]
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