Finland and the Space Era
Ilkka Seppinen
HSR-32
April 2003
a
ii
Title
:
HSR-32 Finland and the Space Era
Published by
: ESA Publications Division ESTEC, PO Box 299 2200 AG Noordwijk The Netherlands
Editor
:
R.A. Harris
Price
:
€10
ISSN
: 1638-4704
ISBN
: 92-9092-542-6
Copyright
: ©2003 The European Space Agency
Printed in
: The Netherlands
iii
Contents
1 A Modest Start.............................................................................................................................1 2 Finland participates in the IGY....................................................................................................3 3 The Space Era opens for Finland.................................................................................................5 4 Satellites enter Finnish space research.........................................................................................7 5 Finland considers ESRO Membership in 1968............................................................................9 6 A Single Space Research Centre?..............................................................................................13 7 Small steps forward....................................................................................................................17 8 1983: ESA, at Last!....................................................................................................................21 9 From Earth to Mars....................................................................................................................23
Sources
A Unpublished sources:.............................................................................................................25 B Published Sources and Literature:..........................................................................................26
Annexes
Annex 1 Highlights in the National Space Efforts....................................................................29 Annex 2 Administrative Organisation......................................................................................30 Annex 3 Statistical Data on Space Science in Finland 1988-1992...........................................31 Annex 4 Finnish Space Funding 1995-1999; values in MEuro................................................32
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