THE

ASSIGNMENT
REPORT
ON
JANTAR MANTAR

Submitted to Submitted by
Mr. Mahesh Kumawat Mohammed Abid Khokar
Asst. Professor Richa Bansal
ACEIT MBA II sem.
Jaipur ACEIT
Jaipur

ARYA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND I.T.

JAIPUR
 About Jaipur Observatories

Jantar Mantar at Jaipur is one of the many unique and distinguished creations
of the maharaja swai jai Singh II, the founder of Jaipur. It is situated in the vicinity of
City Palace.
It is the biggest of the five observatories that swai jai Singh had erected. It has
since been a center for astrological studies.
Maharaja Swai Madho Singh II gets this structure restored under the
supervision of Lt. R.E. Garret, Pandit C.D. Sharma Guleri and Pandit Gokul Chand
Bhawan. After independence it becomes a national monument and the archaeology
department of Rajasthan is responsible for its maintenance.
Jantar Mantar is declared as World Heritage by UNESCO in the year 2010.
Tourist from all over the world visited Jantar Mantar daily. The approx number of
visitors is around 2500 to 3000 per day and in peak days i.e. December and January
the number goes to 6000 to 7000 per day.
 1. Sun Dial
It is a red sandstone masonry instrument which has marble top. It has two
quadrants which have divided into hours, minutes and seconds.
This is used for calculating AM and PM time. It is calculating local time.
The difference between local time and Indian Standard Time is from 10 minutes 25
seconds to 40 minutes 36 second.
2. Rashi Yantra
3. Narivalaya Yantra

These are two hemispherical sundial made in the place of celestial equator.
They represent the northern and southern hemispheres and functions as sundials when
the sun is in the respective hemisphere
The inner portions of these dials are graduated in “Ghatis” (hours) and “Palas”
(minutes). These sundials can also be used for indicating the hemispherical positions
of heavenly bodies.
4. Yantra Raj

It is a huge metal disc of over 2 meters diameter. Maharaja wrote two volumes
on the principles and utility on this.
The outer circle is calibrated in 24 hours of 6 fractions each. The inner circle
has 360 degree marking each of 6 sub divisions. The position of various constellations
at different intervals can be calculated by placing a separate disc in the hole at the
center.
5. Brihat Samrat Yantra

The base of this right angled triangle in 44 meters long and the gnomon which
makes an angle of 27 degree rises 27 meters high. There are huge quadrants of 15
meters radius and are calibrated in hours, minutes and seconds.
This instrument helps to calculate local time, Meridian pass time, zenith
distance, declination and Altitude of the heavenly bodies by the shadow of the
gnomon. The calculation can also be made during night time with the help of a thread.
In June and July many astrologers gathered here on full moon day to study the
direction and movement of the wind which helps them in forecasting the rains.
6. Kantivrita Yantra

It is a metal instrument which rotated on a masonry base. It consists of two

metal frames and these two frames and their base together make an angle of 47
degree. It is used for measuring celestial latitude and longitude.
7. The Abandoned Instrument

It is a huge red sandstone round structure of about 3 mater diameter with a

thick metal rod at its corner. It is one instrument which was not completed because it
was realized that it would be a cumbersome instrument to make and impractical to
rotate it on this huge base.
8. Digamsha Yantra

This consists of 3 circular structures, one inside the other. In the middle, there
is a pillar about 1 meter in height. The second circular wall is just like a ring and same
height s the pillar and about 5 meters in diameter. The outer circle is about 2 meters in
height and 8 meters in diameter. All these structure have marble top. Two metal wires
are tightly stretched across the outer most circle and at the center, there is a knob
supported by these wired.
This is the most accurate instrument for determining the Azimuth of the sun.
This is done by observing the shadow of the ring on the floor.
9. Ram Yantra

This is used for calculating the Altitude and the azimuth of the celestial
bodies. This consists of 12 vertical columns and 12 horizontal slabs. In the center a
perpendicular rod is fixed which is of the same height. There are 360 vertical lines
representing the Azimuth and 90 horizontal lines representing Altitude.
10. Jai Parakash Yantra

It consists of 2 concave hemispherical marble bowls of 5.5 meters in diameter.

These two cavities divided into 6 marble further divided into minutes and seconds.
They also bear inscriptions of 12 Zodiac symbols. In the middle hang a metal ring,
representative of sun.
With the help of this, we are able to calculate Local Time, Altitude, Azimuth,
Meridian Pass Time, Zenith Distance and Declination of the sun.
Other Instruments