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The idea of comfort food sounds great in theory, but many of society’s favourite feel-
good foods lack ideal nutrients. This leaves eaters feeling cranky, not comforted. “Some of the
main dietary contributors to low or bad mood are too much sugar and too many starchy and
refined carbohydrates,” British nutritional therapist Claudia Smith told Huffington Post. “If you
eat too much of these foods, you can end up with blood sugar spikes and crashes, which can
lead to symptoms such as low mood, irritability, brain fog, anxiety, fatigue and difficulty
concentrating.”
Common comfort foods such as cookies or french fries activate reward triggers in our
brains, Smith said. They give us something to look forward to or get excited about. Psychologist
and well-being consultant Lee Chambers told Huffington Post that comfort foods do provide a hit
of pleasure-inducing dopamine, but that pleasure is fleeting.
“Emotional eating is a cyclical process where low mood leads to eating foods likely to
spike your blood sugar, giving us a dose of dopamine, but then it drops at the same time as we
start to feel guilty,” Chambers told Huffington Post. “This combination often makes us feel a lack
of satisfaction, with feelings of guilt, shame and regret.”
Even worse? Comfort foods often lead to overeating. “Over time, high consumption of
highly palatable foods may actually lead to a reduced sensitivity of this brain-reward response,”
Smith said. “You may find yourself needing to eat more and more to experience the same
effect.”
1. (Famema 2021) No trecho do terceiro parágrafo “This combination often makes us feel a
lack of satisfaction”, o termo sublinhado pode ser substituído, sem alteração de sentido, por
a) frequently.
b) occasionally.
c) seldom.
d) hardly.
e) sometimes.
What are some of the most common ways people discriminate against each other?
Some of the areas where people show their intolerance are well-known, such as race. But
1
others are less 2acknowledged, even if more common:
Age: 3Ageism is more common than you think. Older people are thought to be inflexible and
4
stuck in the past, while younger people are seen as inexperienced and naive. 5One-fifth of
working adults say they experience ageism in the 6workplace.
Class: Classism usually takes the form of discrimination by wealthier people against those who
are less well off. However, classism goes both ways – people of lower economic status can see
the wealthy as elite snobs who, while monetarily secure, are morally 7bankrupt.
Color: Different from racism, colorism is discrimination based only on the color of a person’s
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skin; how relatively dark or light they are. Colorism takes place within and between races. It is
common in multi-ethnic and non-white societies and societies with historical racial prejudice.
Ability: 8Usually called ableism, a less well-known form of prejudice is discrimination against
people with visible disabilities such as 9those in wheelchairs or with a learning disability. The
disabled face discrimination not only from their 10peers, but from institutions, schools,
employers, and 11landowners who are hesitant to accommodate the disabled.
Sex/Gender: Possibly the most universal and long running prejudice is that based on a
person’s gender or sex. Historically, sexism has placed men in a more advantageous position
than women.
Weight/Size: In short, sizeism is discrimination based on 12a person’s body size or weight.
Sizeism works with social standards of beauty and usually takes the form of discrimination
against the overweight – anti-fat prejudice.
Religion: Religious discrimination and 13persecution has been common throughout history. But
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prejudice based on religious affiliation doesn’t end with organized religion; 15atheists are
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prone to discrimination and being discriminated against.
Sexual Orientation: Most commonly, prejudice based on sexual orientation includes
discrimination against those of a non-heterosexual orientation. Discrimination against the non-
heterosexual takes many forms depending on the society. In some societies prejudice is open
and tolerated, but in most Western societies, 17bias against the non-heterosexual is more
discreet.
Country of Origin: Nativism is a common form of discrimination against immigrants to a
country. Unlike many other forms of discrimination, nativism is many times encouraged and
enforced by some public entities.
18
Which prejudice do you have? Which prejudice have you experienced?
Glossary:
2
acknowledged – reconhecidos(as)
4
stuck – presos(as)
7
bankrupt – falidos(as)
10
peers - pares; colegas
11
landowners – proprietários(as)
16
prone – propensos(as)
18
bias – julgamento ou opinião parcial
2. (G1 - epcar (Cpcar) 2017) In the sentence “Usually called ableism, a less well-known form of
prejudice” (reference 8), the underlined expression means
a) always.
b) rarely.
c) frequently.
d) seldom.
Italian officials have cut short the Venice Carnival as they try to control what is now the worst
outbreak of the coronavirus in Europe.
Authorities in the Veneto region said the event would end later on Sunday, two days
earlier than scheduled. Italy has by far the highest number of coronavirus cases in Europe, with
152. Three people have died. Italy has imposed strict quarantine restrictions in two northern
“hotspot” regions dose to Milan and Venice.
About 50,000 people cannot enter or leave several towns in Veneto and Lombardy for
the next two weeks without special permission. Even outside the zone, many businesses and
schools have suspended activities, and sporting events have been cancelled. The BBC’s Mark
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Lowen described the situation just outside the zone. In neighbouring Austria, a train from Venice
was stopped at the Austrian border after it emerged that two passengers had fever symptoms.
Austria’s Interior Minister Karl Nehammer later confirmed to the BBC that the pair tested
negative for coronavirus.
"All authorities have acted quickly and with great caution in this case," said Mr
Nehammer in a statement. "The reporting chain worked without delay."
Elsewhere, authorities in South Korea and Iran are battling to control rising numbers of
infections. South Korea has raised its coronavirus alert to the "highest level".
The new strain of coronavirus, which originated last year in Hubel province in China,
causes a respiratory disease called Covid-19. China has seen more than 76,000 infections and
2,442 deaths.
3. (G1 - col. naval 2020) Mark the sentence from the text that contains the use of Present
Continuous.
a) "Three people have died."
b) "The reporting chain worked without delay."
c) "He said the quarantine restrictions could last for weeks."
d) "Officials reported a third death on Sunday, an elderly woman from the town of Crema
suffering from cancer."
e) "Italian officials say they are still trying to trace the source of the outbreak."
Football albums
Got, got, got, got, got, need
THE World Cup is still two weeks away, but for children worldwide (plus 6disturbing
numbers of adults) the race to complete the Brazil 2014 sticker book started long ago. 1Panini,
an Italian firm, has produced sticker albums for World Cups since Mexico 1970; this year’s
version has 640 stickers to collect. 7Collecting them is no idle pursuit, however. Getting every
slot filled delivers an early lesson in probability, the value of statistical tests and the importance
of liquidity.
When you start an album, 8your first sticker (in Britain, they come in packs of five) has a
640/640 probability of being needed. 2As the spaces get filled, the odds of opening a pack and
finding a sticker you want fall. 9According to Sylvain Sardy and Yvan Velenik, two
mathematicians at the University of Geneva, the number of sticker packs that you would have to
buy on average to fill the album by mechanically buying pack after pack would be 899. 11That
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assumes there is no supply shock to the market (the theft of hundreds of thousands of stickers
in Brazil in April 12left many fearful that Panini would run short of cards).
It also assumes that 10the market is not being rigged. Panini says that 3each sticker is
printed in the same volumes and randomly distributed. In a 2010 paper Messrs Sardy and
Velenik gamely played the role of “regulator” by checking the distribution of stickers for a 660-
sticker album 13sold in Switzerland for that year’s World Cup. Out of their sample of 6,000
stickers, they expected to see each sticker 9.09 times on average (6,000/660), 4which was
broadly borne out in practice.
Even in a fair market, it is inefficient to buy endless packs as an individual (not to
mention bloody expensive for the parents). The answer is to create a market for collectors to
swap their unwanted stickers. The playground is 14one version of this market, 5where a child
who has a card prized by many suddenly understands the power of limited supply. Sticker fairs
are another. As with any market, liquidity counts. The more people who can be attracted into the
market with their duplicate cards, the better the chances of finding the sticker you want.
Messrs Sardy and Velenik reckon that a group of ten astute sticker-swappers would
need a mere 1,435 packs between them to complete all ten albums, if they take advantage of
Panini’s practice of selling the final 50 missing stickers to order. Internet forums, where
potentially unlimited numbers of people can swap stickers, make this number fall even further.
The idea of a totally efficient market 15should dismay Panini, which will sell fewer packs as a
result. But as in all markets, behaviour is not strictly rational. 16Despite entreaties, your
correspondent’s son is prepared to tear out most of his stickers to get hold of Lionel Messi.
Fonte: http://www.economist.com/news/finance-and-economics/21603019-got-got-got-got-got-
need-stickernomics Acesso: 13/ago/2014
4. (Ita 2015) Marque a opção em que o uso do ing denota ação contínua.
a) … disturbing number of adults… (ref. 6)
b) Collecting them is no idle pursuit… (ref. 7)
c) … your first sticker […] has a 640/640 probability of being needed. (ref. 8)
d) According to Sylvain Sardy and Yvan Velenik… (ref. 9)
e) … the market is not being rigged. (ref. 10)
1. Today, parents are increasingly worried about the safety of their children, and because
of this, 1they are not letting their children out to play. As a result, children are no longer playing
outside but shutting 2themselves away in their rooms and losing themselves in individualistic
activities such as television viewing and computer games.
2. Yet, if they had the chance, they would rather get out of the house and go to the
cinema, see friends or play sport. In fact, when asked what their idea of a good day was, only 1
in 7 said that they would turn on the television.
3. British teenagers have always retreated to their bedrooms, leaving the 3younger
children to play in communal spaces such as the sitting room, garden or kitchen. However,
children from the age of 9 are now turning to their bedrooms as a place to socialise.
4. Bedroom culture is a phenomenon of the past 20 years with families getting 4smaller
and homes getting more spacious. Increasing prosperity has also contributed to the rise of the
bedroom culture.
5. Of British children aged 6 to 17, 72% have a room they do not have to share with a
sibling, 68% have their own music installation, 34% have an electronic games 5controller
hooked up to the television, 21% have a PC. Only 1%, on the other hand, have an Internet
connection in their bedroom.
6. On average children devote 5 hours a day to screen media. Even so, only 1 child in 100
can be classed as a real screen addict, a child who spends a worrying 7 hours or more watching
TV or playing computer games.
7. Although children generally have a few favourite programmes, they mostly use
television to kill time when they are bored and have nothing special to do. Moreover, the
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distinction between individualistic media use and social activities such as chatting with friends is
less extreme than is commonly assumed. Children gossip about television soap characters,
make contact with other children on the Internet, and visit friends to admire 6their new computer
games.
8. As the use of PCs proliferates, reading skills are expected to suffer. Nevertheless, 57%
of children say they still enjoy reading, and 1 in 5 teenagers can be classed as a book-lover.
9. As a result of the bedroom culture, it is becoming 7rarer for children over the age of 10
to watch television with their parents. Once in their rooms, children tend to stay up watching
television for as long as they wish. Consequently it is getting 8harder to control children's
viewing.
10. One father told researchers that 9he drew the line at 9 pm. His son, on the other hand,
said: "They tell us to go up at about 9.30 or 10 or something, and then we just watch until they
come up and tell us to switch 10it off at 11 or 11.30."
5. (Ufv 2004) Choose the alternative in which the capital word -ING form is an example of the
present continuous:
a) "a child who spends a WORRYING 7 hours or more" (paragraph 6)
b) "INCREASING prosperity has also contributed to the rise of" (paragraph 4)
c) "children from the age of 9 are now TURNING to their bedrooms" (paragraph 3)
d) "children say they still enioy READING" (paragraph 8)
e) "harder to control children's VIEWING" (paragraph 9)
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its initial phase, Project Phoenix used the Parkes telescope to search for signals coming from
202 Sun-like stars as distant as 155 light years away. By the end of its operations, Project
Phoenix had scanned a total of 800 12‘nearby’ (up to 240 light years away) stars for signs of life.
The project detected some cosmic noises, but 13none of that could be attributed to aliens.
These days, anyone can become involved in the search for extraterrestrial intelligence
through their personal computer.
While there’s currently excitement about sending human crews to Mars, missions
beyond the Red Planet are at this stage pretty much not 14feasible the distances and travel
times involved are simply too great. Basically, all exploration for life beyond Earth will need to be
done using robotic space 15probes and landing rovers. These instruments can provide a huge
wealth of information and are capable of exploring as far away as Pluto, perhaps even beyond
our solar system. But as for life beyond the solar system, the nearest stars are several light
years away, and even communications by electromagnetic waves (which all travel at the speed
of light) are essentially going to be a one-way message.
While we probably won’t find intelligent life too close to home, 16there’s a chance we
may still find much simpler life forms. 17Do we have neighbours beyond Earth? Time will tell –
and the search continues.
Glossary:
1. to outline – describe or give the main fact about something
2. to take into account – consider something
3. rate – expansion
4. nearby – short distance away
5. feasible – appropriate; suitable
6. space probe – spy satellite
6. (G1 - epcar (Cpcar) 2020) Read the sentences from the text and classify them. The
underlined excerpts are examples of
“Project Phoenix, which used three of the most powerful radio telescopes in the world:” (ref. 11).
“there’s a chance we may still find much simpler life forms.” (ref. 16).
a) comparative and superlative.
b) superlative and comparative.
c) superlative of inferiority.
d) comparative of equality.
Italian officials have cut short the Venice Carnival as they try to control what is now the worst
outbreak of the coronavirus in Europe.
Authorities in the Veneto region said the event would end later on Sunday, two days
earlier than scheduled. Italy has by far the highest number of coronavirus cases in Europe, with
152. Three people have died. Italy has imposed strict quarantine restrictions in two northern
“hotspot” regions dose to Milan and Venice.
About 50,000 people cannot enter or leave several towns in Veneto and Lombardy for
the next two weeks without special permission. Even outside the zone, many businesses and
schools have suspended activities, and sporting events have been cancelled. The BBC’s Mark
Lowen described the situation just outside the zone. In neighbouring Austria, a train from Venice
was stopped at the Austrian border after it emerged that two passengers had fever symptoms.
Austria’s Interior Minister Karl Nehammer later confirmed to the BBC that the pair tested
negative for coronavirus.
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"All authorities have acted quickly and with great caution in this case," said Mr
Nehammer in a statement. "The reporting chain worked without delay."
Elsewhere, authorities in South Korea and Iran are battling to control rising numbers of
infections. South Korea has raised its coronavirus alert to the "highest level".
The new strain of coronavirus, which originated last year in Hubel province in China,
causes a respiratory disease called Covid-19. China has seen more than 76,000 infections and
2,442 deaths.
7. (G1 - col. naval 2020) Read the following sentence taken from the text.
"Italian officials have cut short the Venice Carnival as they try to control what is now the worst
outbreak of the coronavirus in Europe."
Mark the adjective that forms its Superlative the same way as the underlined word.
a) High.
b) Good.
c) Early.
d) Elderly.
e) Extraordinary.
8. (G1 - col. naval 2017) Complete the dialogue using the right form of the adjectives.
9. (Esc. Naval 2016) Which is the correct way to complete the paragraph below?
No language is easy to learn well, though languages which are related to our first language are
__________. Learning a completely different writing system is a huge challenge, but that does
not necessarily make a language __________ another. In the end, it is impossible to say that
there is one language that is __________ language in the world.
(Adapted from www.usingenglish.com)
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1
Beside making food delicious, it's believed there are more than 14,000 uses for salt,
and our grandmothers were probably familiar with most of them. A number of these uses were
for simple things around the home before the advent of modern chemicals and cleaners. 2Many
of these salt uses are still valid today and can be much cheaper and more environmentally-
friendly than more sophisticated products. We make no guarantee about the results if you try
any of these uses and tips, but there must be something to them since they have been handed
down over the years in many households. Most of these salt uses have stood the test of time.
Gargling – Stir 1/ 2 teaspoon salt in an 8 ounce glass of warm water for use as a gargle for
sore throats.
Cleaning teeth - Mix one part salt to two parts baking soda after pulverizing the salt in a
blender or rolling it on a kitchen board with a tumbler before mixing. It whitens teeth, helps
remove plaque and it is healthy for the gums.
Washingmouth - Mix equal parts of salt and baking soda as a mouth wash that sweetens the
breath.
Reducing eye puffiness - Mix one teaspoon of salt in a pint of hot water and apply pads
soaked in the solution on the puffy areas.
Relieving tired feet - Soak aching feet in warm water to which a handful of salt has been
added. Rinse in cool water.
Relieving bee stings - If stung, immediately wet the spot and cover with salt to relieve the pain.
Relieving fatigue - Soak relaxed for at least ten minutes in a tub of water into which several
handfuls of salt has been placed.
Removing dry skin - After bathing and while still wet give yourself a massage with dry salt. It
removes dead skin particles and aids the circulation.
Applying facial - For a stimulating facial, mix equal parts of salt and olive oil and gently
massage the face and throat with long upward and inward strokes. Remove mixture after five
minutes and wash face.
10. (Ufsm 2015) Considere o segmento “Many of these salt uses are still valid today and can
be much cheaper and more environmentally-friendly than more sophisticated products” (ref. 2).
Se os termos sublinhados fossem substituídos, respectivamente, por “inexpensive”, “green” e
“classy”, o segmento ficaria assim:
a) Many of these salt uses are still valid today and can be much inexpensivier and more green
than more classy products.
b) Many of these salt uses are still valid today and can be much more inexpensive and greenier
than classier products.
c) Many of these salt uses are still valid today and can be much inexpensiver and greener than
classer products.
d) Many of these salt uses are still valid today and can be much more inexpensive and greener
than classier products.
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e) Many of these salt uses are still valid today and can be much more inexpensive and more
greener than more classier products.
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Gabarito:
Resposta da questão 1:
[A]
A alternativa [A] está correta, pois often e frequently são sinônimos e significam
frequentemente.
Resposta da questão 2:
[C]
Resposta da questão 3:
[E]
A alternativa [E] está correta, pois possui uso correto do tempo verbal present continuous
(presença do verbo to be no simple present e o verbo principal no present participle).
Resposta da questão 4:
[E]
A única alternativa em que a forma -ing está sendo usada em um tempo contínuo (no caso, o
present continuous) é a [E]. Tradução: "o mercado não está sendo fraudado".
Resposta da questão 5:
[C]
Resposta da questão 6:
[B]
A alternativa [B] está correta, pois os adjetivos estão respectivamente nos graus superlativo
(most powerful) e comparativo de superioridade (simpler). No primeiro caso, pelo fato de
powerful possuir três sílabas, deve-se usar most; como simple possui apenas duas sílabas e
termina em –le, deve-se usar o sufixo –er.
Resposta da questão 7:
[B]
Os adjetivos “good” e “bad” são irregulares quanto à formação de seus superlativos (best e
worst, respectivamente).
Resposta da questão 8:
[B]
A alternativa [B] está correta, pois possui respectivamente as formas corretas do comparativo
de good (better) e do superlativo de busy (busiest).
Tradução do trecho:
A: Você gostaria de ir para a praia na sexta-feira?
B: Na verdade, eu acho que sábado é melhor para mim. Sexta-feira é o dia em que estou mais
ocupado.
Resposta da questão 9:
[D]
A alternativa [D] está correta, pois possui as formas corretas das formas comparativa e
superlativa dos adjetivos easy, difficult e hard. Tradução do trecho: “Nenhuma língua é fácil de
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se aprender bem, embora as línguas que estejam relacionadas a nossa primeira língua sejam
mais fáceis. Aprender um sistema de escrita completamente diferente é um desafio enorme,
mas isso necessariamente não faz uma língua mais difícil do que a outra. No final das contas,
é impossível dizer que há uma língua que seja a mais difícil do mundo”.
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Legenda:
Q/Prova = número da questão na prova
Q/DB = número da questão no banco de dados do SuperPro®
1.............198626.....Média.............Inglês.............Famema/2021......................Múltipla escolha
4.............137130.....Média.............Inglês.............Ita/2015................................Múltipla escolha
10...........137482.....Média.............Inglês.............Ufsm/2015............................Múltipla escolha
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