Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Engineering
Thermodynamics
Content
Basic concepts
Basic laws
Systems
System properties
1
Basic concepts
Energy (“capacity to do work”)
Heat (“energy that flows”)
Basic Laws
0th law: helps define temperature
T
1st law: energy is conserved
2
Systems – where all this takes place
Some physical region we want to
study
– What systems can you name?
– Characteristics?
System + boundary/surface + surroundings
Types:
– Isolated (no mass and heat transfer)
– Closed (no mass but heat transfer)
– Open (both mass and heat transfer)
Examples of systems
Domestic hot water heater
– Sketch it … what type of system is it?
A refrigerator
– Sketch it … type of system?
Potatoes in a microwave oven
– Sketch … type of system?
3
System properties
Types:
– Temperature (T)
– Pressure (P)
– Volume (V)
– Mass (m)
Classes of properties:
– Extensive (changes with extent of
system)
– Intensive (independent of system
extent)
Question: How do you classify the system properties above?
Some properties
Density m
ρ= Units = kg/m3
V
Specific volume
1 V Units = m3/kg
v= =
ρ m
4
Units
Commonly SI, sometimes Imperial
(British)
Consistent use of units is very
important !
Mass: m (kg)
Weight: W = m.g (units?) kg m s-2
Phase (mass)
Chemical (composition)
5
State Postulate
“Allof the equilibrium states of a
simple compressible system are
completely specified by 2
independent, intensive properties”
Equations of State
For gases T, V and P are not all
independent
Ideal gas equation of state is:
PV = nRT P = N/m2 = ?
n = moles of gas J=Nm=?
R = ideal gas constant (J/mol/K)
Is
this consistent in terms of units?
Check it!
6
Processes
Going from one equilibrium state to
another
P P2, V2 (State 2)
(State 1) P1, V1 Thermodynamic
path
• Types of processes
• isothermal (T constant)
• isobaric (P constant)
• isochoric (v constant)
Review
Basic thermodynamic units and
prefixes
Systems help us to define regions of
interest – what are the 3 main
systems?
We need properties to characterize
systems – intensive and extensive
Making sure units are consistent !
Understanding thermodynamic
processes and cycles – how to move
around the P,v and other regions.
7
Some other information
These slides available on course web
page:
http://www.cheque.uq.edu.au/ugrad/e
ngg1050/
Textbook Cengel and Boles has
tutorial problems
Please make arrangements with
tutors if you are going to miss
tutorials