suffers from a In 2007, 

India had approximately 159 gigawatts (GW) of installed electric

major shortage capacity and generated 761 billion kilowatt hours. Nearly all electric power
of electric inIndia is generated with coal, oil, or gas. Conventional thermal sources
generating produced over 80 percent of electricity in 2007. Hydroelectricity, a seasonally
capacity. dependent power source in India, accounted for nearly 16 percent of power
generated in 2007. Finally, nuclear energy produced roughly 2 percent of
electricity during the same year, while geothermal and other renewable sources
accounted for approximately 2 percent.
In July of 2010, India and Bangladesh signed a 35 year power import deal
wherebyIndia will import up to 500 megawatts beginning in late
2012. India also imports some electricity from Bhutan and Nepal. However,
these electricity imports are not likely to prove sufficient to make up for Indias
lack of electric generation capacity.

Electricity Shortages
India suffers from a severe shortage of electricity generation capacity.
According to the World Bank, roughly 40 percent of residences in India are
without electricity. In addition, blackouts are a common occurrence throughout
the countrys main cities. Further compounding the situation is that total demand
for electricity in the country continues to rise and is outpacing increases in
capacity. Additional capacity has failed to materialize in India in light of market
regulations, insufficient investment in the sector, and difficulty in obtaining
environme
According to Oil & Gas Journal (OGJ), India had approximately 5.6 billion barrels of
proven oil reserves as of January 2010, the second-largest amount in the Asia-Pacific
region after China. Indias crude oil reserves tend to be light and sweet, with specific
gravity varying from 38° API in the offshore Mumbai High field to 32° API at other
onshore basins.
India produced roughly 880 thousand barrels per day (bbl/d) of total oil in 2009 from
over 3,600 operating oil wells. Approximately 680 thousand bbl/d was crude oil, the
remainder was other liquids and refinery gain. In 2009, India consumed nearly 3
million bbl/d, making it the fourth largest consumer of oil in the world. EIA expects
approximately 100 thousand bbl/d annual consumption growth through 2011.

The combination of rising oil consumption and relatively flat production has
leftIndia increasingly dependent on imports to meet its petroleum demand. In
2009,India was the sixth largest net importer of oil in the world, importing nearly 2.1
million bbl/d, or about 70 percent, of its oil needs. The EIA expects India to become
the fourth largest net importer of oil in the world by 2025, behind theUnited
States, China, and Japan.
acknowledgement

We are over helmed in all humbleness and gratefulness to acknowledge our depth to all those who
have helped us to put these ideas, well above the level of simplicity and into something concrete.
We are very thankful to our guide Mrs. ARCHANA HANS for his valuable help. She was always
there to show us the right track when we needed his help. With the help of his valuable suggestions,
guidance and encouragement, we were able to perform    this project work.
I would also like to thank our colleagues, who often helped and gave me support at critical junctures
during the making to this project

Conclusion

Reducing your home energy use is the best of win-win deals — not only does it reduce your carbon footprint, it also
saves you big bucks on your energy bills. That’s especially exciting when you consider that many home energy
improvements are fast, easy and inexpensive. Often, the savings from an individual project are small, but when you
start putting them together they add up quickly.

My family set a goal of cutting our total energy use, energy costs and greenhouse gas emissions in half, and we were
able to meet that goal with the help of these simple home projects. We found these reductions in our energy use easy
to accomplish without making any significant lifestyle changes.
Our project was very productive. Our hypothesis was: we think that solar energy can be used to power
electronic appliances while not polluting the environment. Our goal is to learn how solar energy works,
and in which situations it can be used.

The results of our research proved that solar power caused no pollution whatsoever. What we did not
mention, was that solar energy can be used to power houses and their electronic appliances, such as
flashlights, electric motors and even such things as refrigerators. It can also be used to heat water and cool
buildings!

Here are the details: We cut our total energy use from 93,000 kilowatt hours (kWh) per year to 38,000 kWh per year.
This is saving us $4,500 per year in energy costs, and has reduced our carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions by 17 tons!
Our rate of return on the money we invested in this program is more than 50 percent — tax free.

This has been a wondeful learning experience for us. We have learned much more about how solar energy
can be used to make electricity and power everyday appliances. We also learned about the structure of the
PV cell, which itself is the absorber of solar energy. This was a fantastic topic to research, and we have
accomplished many things.

Power
Access to affordable and reliable electricity is critical to a country’s growth and prosperity. The country has made
significant progress towards the augmentation of its power infrastructure. In absolute terms, the installed power
capacity has increased from only 1713 MW (megawatts) as on 31 December 1950 to 118 419 MW as on March 2005
(CEA 2005). The all India gross electricity generation, excluding that from the captive generating plants, was 5107
GWh (gigawatt-hours) in 1950 and increased to 565 102 GWh in 2003/04 (CEA 2005).
Energy requirement increased from 390 BkWh (billion kilowatt-hours) during 1995/96 to 591 BkWh (energy) by the
year 2004/05, and peak demand increased from 61 GW (gigawatts) to 88 GW over the same time period. The
country experienced energy shortage of 7.3% and peak shortage of 11.7% during 2003/04. Though, the growth
inelectricity consumption over the past decade has been slower than the GDP’s growth, this increase could be due to
high growth of the service sector and efficient use of electricity. 
Per capita electricity consumption rose from merely 15.6 kWh (kilowatt-hours) in 1950 to 592 kWh in 2003/04 (CEA
2005). However, it is a matter of concern that per capita consumption of electricity is among the lowest in the world.
Moreover, poor quality of power supply and frequent power cuts and shortages impose a heavy burden on India’s
fast-growing trade and industry.