FS 1

LEARNING EPISODE 16
On Teacher’s Philosophy of Education

RAZZEL E. BARBARONA
IV-MATH A
Razzel E. Barbarona IV-Math A 12-07-2021

OUTPUT 16: On Teacher’s Philosophy of Education

TARGET Your Intended Learning Outcomes

At the end of this Episode, I must be able to:
 Determine prevailing philosophies of education based on DepEd
Vision and Mission statements, core values and mandate, the K to
12 Curriculum Framework and Guide and RA 10533;
 Cite teacher’s teaching behaviors and the philosophies of education
on which these behaviors are founded; and
 Articulate my philosophy of teaching

OBSERVE, ANALYZE, REFLECT

Activity 16.1 Analyzing DepEd’s Philosophy of Education

Resource Teacher: Teacher’s Signature: School:
Grade/Year Level: Subject Area: Date:

OBSERVE
 Determined prevailing philosophies of education based on DepEd
Vision and Mission statement, core values of the K to 12 Curriculum
Framework and Guide
 Study the DepEd’s Vision and Mission statements, Core Values and
Mandate
 Read the features of the K to 12 Curriculum based on the Kto12
Curriculum Framework and Guide and Sec. 5 of RA 10533.
 Accomplish the Table below by answering the question: Which
philosophies are expressed?
 Cite relevant statements to back up an identifies philosophy of
education. You are given an example.

Philosophies of Which philosophies Which

Education are expressed in the philosophies are
DepEd Vision, Mission expressed in the
Statements, Core K to 12
Values, and Mandate? Curriculum
Give proof. Framework and
Guide and Sec. 5
of RA1053? Give
proof.
1. Essentialism- teach Essentialism- The core Essentialism- List
mastery of the basics; values of maka- Diyos, of standards and
curriculum is prescribed; maka-tao, maka- competenies that
subject matter- centered kalikasan and maka- learners are
there are universal; bansa show that DepEd expected to attain
objective values; is essentialist. DepEd is the subject
inculcate values in believes in unchanging matter that
subject matter values that need to be students are
inculcated. expected are
expected to learn.
 -Essesntiaist
2. Perennialism- teach Any proof of In K-12 Curriculum
those that last, the perennialism? Framework which
classics; there are Perennialism- the is making the
universal values; DepEd mission in which curriculum relevant
inculcate these universal, students learn in a child to learners
objective values friendly, gender (contextualization
sensitive, safe and and
motivating environment enhancement).
shows that DepEd Students needed
applied perennialism to to acquire the
their DepEd Mission as knowledge skills,
they believe that if the values and
learners engage with attitudes through
this kind of continuity and
environment, it is consistency across
possible that they all levels of
become a friendly and subjects in order to
good citizen of our bring a good
country in the future as values and
they bring a good value characteristics to
that they learned in their future from
schools. what they learned
in schools.
3. Progressivism- very Any proof of In RA no. 10533
child-centered; teach progressivism? Sec. 5 which is
those that interest the Progressivism- the curriculum
child; one learns by DepEd vision in which development. The
experience; learners as a leaner-centered curriculum shall be
learn by doing so teacher institution, the DepEd learner-centered,
teacher’s teaching is continuously improves inclusive and
experiential; values are itself to better serve its developmentally
subjective; no inculcation stakeholders shows that appropriate in
of values since they are DepEd in which it shows that
subjective; instead progressivism. DepEd progressivism is
teachers help students believes in learners by applied in this law.
clarify their values learning by doing as
well as if we teach of
what they are
interested.
4. Reconstructionism- Any proof of In RA no. 10533
School is agent to reconstructionsim? Sec. 5 in which the
change; schooling is Reconstructionism- the curriculum shall be
preparing students for the DepEd mission in which relevant,
social changes; teaching Administrators and responsive and
is involving the students staff, as stewards of the research-based it
in discussions of moral institution, ensure an clearly shows that
dilemmas. enabling and supportive reconstructionism
for effective learning to is applied in this
happen. DepEd law.
believes that through
administrators and
 staffs can create
changes and implement
it that can be beneficial
to both learners and
school.
5. Existentialism- Any proof of In K to 12
Teachers teach learners existentialism? Curriculum
to make decisions and Existentialism- the Framework where
not merely to follow the DepEd mission which in it focuses on
crowd; one who does not states that we dream of gearing up for the
make a choice and so Filipinos who future. Students
simply follow others do passionately love their are allowed to
not leave meaningful life. country and whose choose what track
values and wanted to pursue
competencies enable and not to follow
them to realize their what the crowd
potential and contribute says to.
meaningfully to building
the nation.
6. Pragmatism- That Any proof of In RA no. 533 Sec.
which is practical and that pragmatism? 5 pragmatism is
which works is what is Pragmatism- the DepEd expressed in the
good; that which is good. mission which states curriculum shall
e.g. showing a video clip that teachers facilitate use pedagogical
on is more efficient and learning and constantly approaches that
more affective therefore nurture every learner. are constructivist,
more practical than inquiry based,
teacher coming up with a reflective,
visual and by drawing collaborative and
mistosis on a cartolina or integrative.
illustration board.
7. Rationalism- Any proof of Rationalism is
emphasizes the rationalism? expressed in RA
development of the Rationalism- is shown no. 10533 Sec. 5
learners reasoning in DepEd mission in which it states
powers; knowledge where in it says to that the curriculum
comes through reason; protect and promote the shall use the spiral
teacher must develop the right of every Filipino to progression
reasoning power of the quality, equitable, approach to
learner culture based and ensure mastery of
complete basic knowledge and
education. skills after each
level.
8. Utilitarianism- what is Any proof of In RA no 10533
good is that which is most utilitarianism? Sec. 5 in which the
useful (that which brings Utilitarianism- the curriculum shall be
happiness) to the DepEd wherein they flexible enough to
greatest number of formulate, implements enable and allow
peoples; and coordinates all schools to
policies, plans, localize, indigenize
programs and projects and enhance the
in the areas of formal same based on
 and non-formal basic their respective
education. It supervises educational and
all elementary and social contexts
secondary education.
9. Empiricism- source of Empiricism- the DepEd In RA no. 10533
knowledge is through the mission which states Sec. 5 which is
senses; teacher must that students learn in acurriculum
involve the senses in childfriendly, gender- development. The
teaching-learning sensitive, safe, and curriculum shall be
motivating environment. learner-centered,
With that type of inclusive and
environment, a teacher developmentally
can involve senses in appropriate in
learning. which it shows that
empiricism is
applied in this law.
10. Behaviorism- Any proof of In K-12 Curriculum
behavior is shaped behaviorism? framework in
deliberately by forces in Behaviorism- is which nurturing
the environment and that expressed in the DepEd holistically
the type of person and mission in which family, developed Filipino
actions desired can be community, and other college and
the product of design; stakeholders are livelihood
behavior is determined by actively engaged and readiness and 21st
others, rather than by share responsibility for century skills and
person’s own free will; developing life-long behaviors to be
teacher must carefully learners. fully nurtured and
shape desirable behavior, participate
drills are commonly used meaningfully.
to enhance learning,
rewards reinforce
learning.
11. Constructivism- Any proof of In RA no. 10533
Learners are capable of constructivism? Sec. 5 which is
constructing knowledge Constructivism- the Curriculum
and meaning; teaching- DepEd mission Development. The
learning therefore is expressed curriculum shall
constructing knowledge constructivism in the adhere to the
and meaning; teacher parts of teachers principles and
does not just asks facilitate learning and framework of
learners for knowledge constantly nurture every Mother Tongue
they construct and learner. Teachers are based Multilingual
meaning of lesson. only there to facilitate Education (MTB-
and guide and the MLE) which starts
learners are from where the
independent in learners and from
constructing their own what they already
knowledge to be knew proceeding
nurtured by both from the known to
teacher and learner the unknown;
instructional
materials and
 capable teachers
to implement the
MTB-MLE
curriculum shall be
available where in
it shows that
constructivism is
applied in this law.
12. Other Philosophies

Activity 16.2 Articulating My Personal Philosophy of Teaching

Resource Teacher: Teachers Signature: School:

Grade/Year Level: Subject Area: Date:

OBSERVE
 Observe how a teacher relates to every learner and how he/she
proceeds with her teaching.
 Accomplish this observation sheet.

Here are philosophies of education. Find out which philosophies

were manifested in class by observing what and how teacher teaches and
relates to learners.

Philosophies of Education Teacher Behavior (State what the

teacher said, taught or did)
1. Essentialism- teach mastery of In what way was teacher
the basics; curriculum is essentialist?
prescribed; subject matter-
centered there are universal; e.g. He/she say to it that the
objective values; inculcate values in students mastered basic concepts
subject and skills

He/she inculcated values

2. Perennialism- teach those that
last, the classics; there are
universal values; inculcate these
universal, objective values
3. Progressivism- very child-
centered; teach those that interest
the child; one learns by experience;
learners learn by doing so teacher
teacher’s teaching is experiential;
values are subjective; no
inculcation of values since they are
subjective; instead teachers help
students clarify their values
4. Reconstructionism- School is
agent to change; schooling is
preparing students for the social
changes; teaching is involving the
She say to it that the student
mastered basic concepts and skills.
He/she inculcated values.
The students learn by their
experience and a teacher share
their experience to their students
just to have an example and they
understand the lessons.
A teacher was many experience
than a student’s so see to it
students always heard about your
experience that can make them
students in discussions of moral inspired to work hard for having a
dilemmas. new knowledge.
5. Existentialism- Teachers teach In a classroom a teacher is the
learners to make decisions and not second mother or parent of all
merely to follow the crowd; one students they teach to know how
who does not make a choice and their limits on making a decision.
so simply follow others do not leave
meaningful life.
6. Pragmatism- That which is Teacher always have a activities
practical and that which works is so that they use a cards and video
what is good; that which is good. clips for having their attention on
e.g. showing a video clip on is the lesson. A students once they
more efficient and more affective have a entertainment they want to
therefore more practical than participate in class.
teacher coming up with a visual
and by drawing mistosis on a
cartolina or illustration board.
7. Rationalism- emphasizes the In school or other part of our
development of the learners society we need to learn a art of
reasoning powers; knowledge questioning. In school we learn
comes through reason; teacher more about it because in school
must develop the reasoning power we always have a activity that can
of the learner develop by thinking a questions
and answer.
8. Utilitarianism- what is good is The teacher gave an example of
that which is most useful (that utilitarianism, she said that: A city
which brings happiness) to the government's decision is to build
greatest number of peoples; an airport too close to a
neighborhood whose residents say
the noise of aircrafts flying over
their neighborhood will impair their
health.
9. Empiricism- source of knowledge The teacher makes sure that using
is through the senses; teacher must multiple senses allows more
involve the senses in teaching- cognitive connections and
learning associations with a concept to
happen.
10. Behaviorism- behavior is Behavior is very important in
shaped deliberately by forces in the classrooms especially to those
environment and that the type of students and they need to react
person and actions desired can be according to the rules of their
the product of design; behavior is schools.
determined by others, rather than
by person’s own free will; teacher
must carefully shape desirable
behavior, drills are commonly used
to enhance learning, rewards
reinforce learning.
11. Constructivism- Learners are The teacher reminded the class
capable of constructing knowledge that without proper etiquette,
and meaning; teaching-learning society would be a mess with free-
therefore is constructing knowledge for-all behaviors that would have
 and meaning; teacher does not just
asks learners for knowledge they
construct and meaning of lesson.
12. Other Philosophies
rude people dominating those who
care about others. People would
say whatever is on their minds,
regardless of how crass it is.

ANALYZE
1. Based on your findings and observations in Activity 16.1 and Activity
16.2, which philosophies of education are dominant in Philippine basic
schools? Why do you say so?
 For me, they are all important in Philippine basic schools because
educational philosophies give all teachers can manage their own
philosophies in teaching that can use it in everyday life. Through
educational philosophies, it was considered as a plan to guide the
educational process. Students need guidance and not just lecture
only.

2. If there is one philosophy that schools and teachers should give more
attention to, what should that be and why?
 I believe that a good teacher is known about on how to understand
their students they also need a long patience for having a good
relationship to their students. The most important is things is they
need to have a full attention of their students because a student’s
always look for their attention for them to learn more about the
lessons you’ve ready for them to gain more knowledge.

REFLECT
What is your philosophy of teaching? This describe what you
believed you should teach, how you should teach and how you should
relate to others in school - with the learners, your colleagues, your superior
and all other stakeholders. Write them down. This is your title, “My
philosophy of Teaching”

My Philosophy of Teaching

I believe that the learner are capable of learning. They are not have
the same learning but its natural because all students have a different
skills so maybe they are not interested for the other subjects but he/she
have a special skills.

I believe that I should teach the learners by sharing all my

knowledge and experience in life before I got this profession. I believe
teachers who only use one method to teach should not be in the
classroom. They obviously are not reaching all of their students because
we know that not all students learn in the same way. Teachers must reach
visual learners, auditory learners and kinesthetic learners. By doing my job
I always step forward and I promise that I’ll do my best for all my students
and gain their more knowledge from me.

I believe that I’m the one who help those students to achieve their
goals and finish their studies very well and they learn more from me. To
live this belief, I must continuously examine my teaching methods and find
new ones. To remain connected to my students, their lives and the schools
in which they will practice their professions, I must be a student of society
and the constantly changing worlds in which students live. I eagerly and
willingly learn from my students as they learn with me.

SHOW Your Learning Artifacts

Accomplished Observation Sheets
My Philosophy of Teaching

LINK Theory to Practice

1. In its vision and mission statements, DepEd wants to develop learners…
“Whose values and competencies enable them to realize their full
potential…” On which philosophy of education in this mission statement
anchored?
A. Existentialism
B. Empiricism
C. Essentialism
 D. Pragmatism

2. Based on DepEd’s mission statement, “quality basic education means

that students learn in a child-friendly, gender-sensitive, safe, and
motivating environment”. This implies that DepEd believes that
environment affects learning. Which philosophy of education is this?
A. Utilitarianism
B. Empiricism
C. Essentialism
D. Behaviorism

3. Field Study 1 which is primarily observation of classes and teacher, is

based on which philosophy of education?
A. Utilitarianism
B. Empiricism
C. Essentialism
D. Behaviorism

4. The inclusion of logic and critical thinking as subjects in the curriculum is

an offshoot of which philosophy?
A. Rationalism
B. Utilitarianism
C. Existentialism
D. Progressivism

5. It’s Valentine’s Day. The lesson is a part of human digestive system -

the stomach. Students bargain with teacher and so ask if they can discuss
the heart in place of the stomach. Teacher responds “Let’s talk about the
stomach which is the lesson for today then go to the heart when we are
done with stomach. Based on philosophies of education, which is TRUE of
teacher?
A. Is essentialist in the sense that she sticked to the subject matter for
the day and progressivist since she also considered student’s
interest
B. Is pragmatic because it was practical to give way to students’
request even if she prepared for the days lesson
C. Is utilitarianist because she considered both lessons useful
D. Is empiricist, she used visual aids for her lesson

6. What do the DepEd vision and mission statements and core values
imply about Philippine educational system?
I. It is highly essentialist and perennialist,
II. It believes in universal, objective, unchanging values
III. It is reconstructionist.
A. I only
B. I and III
C. II and III
D. I, II and III
7. For a lesson on developing classifying skills, instead of making students
bring objects to classify, teacher consider it most practical to simply use
the students’ body parts like kinds of ear lober, kinds of hair line or a
lesson on classifying. On which philosophy is teacher’s practice anchored?
 A. Pragmatism
B. Progressivism
C. Utilitarianism
D. Empiricism

8. The history of curriculum development in the Philippines shows

reduction of units in the humanities but an increase in the natural and
physical sciences. On which thoughts is this action based?
A. Perennialism
B. Progressivism
C. Utilitarianism
D. Empiricism

9. There are a number of laws in the Philippines requiring the teaching of

subject matter such as taxation and agrarian reform, etc. This proves that
schools must bring about reform in society. On which philosophy of
education is this based?
A. Perennialism
B. Progressivism
C. Empiricism
D. Reconstructionism

10. Teacher makes use of moral dilemmas to enable students to make a

stand in moral issues. Which word CORRECTLY applies to teacher’s
teaching practice?
A. Behaviorist
B. Existentialist
C. Rationalist
D. Pragmatist