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The screening of patients in primary health hospitals is the initial step in the
treatment of COVID-19. Although transcription-polymerase chain reaction
(PCR) tests are still used for final diagnosis, in the case of persons with severe
respiratory symptoms, hospitals now rely on medical imaging since it is easy
and quick, allowing doctors to identify diseases and their effects more quickly.
This problem can be solved using deep learning methods. The goal of deep
learning is to develop a multi-hidden layer machine learning model that is
trained with a vast quantity of sample data to enhance classification and
prediction accuracy.
When resources are few, medical centres can consider patients' needs and make
the most use of what they have. Deep neural networks have been shown to be
particularly effective in the early identification of COVID-19. Reconstruction
techniques using autoencoders on CT images have been performed for covid-19
detections. U-Net-based architectures have been used to partition many infected
regions in the chest CT images.
The autoencoders combined with convolutional neural network
(CNN) has remarkably gave good results. Though there lots of studies revolved
around this concept, one major issue was either the model has been trained with
a small data set or the model involves large time and space complexity.
In this paper we will focusing on the following things. To yield better results in
terms of time and space complexity with minimum autoencoders in the section.
We used convolutional autoencoder for data augmentation and feature
extraction. Once the necessary features have been extracted the data is fed into
the CNN where after processing, it will state whether the image fed is covid
positive or covid negative.
In the paper [11], the author described the use of 3-dimentioanl deep learning
model with total of 618 CT samples and achieved an accuracy of 86.7%. In
papers [12, 13] COVID-19 detection neural network (COVnet) was used
with different architectures. They achieved 86.7% and 95% individual
accuracy respectively. A novel CNN-AE approach has been used in [14].
This model was quite efficient and produced good results compared to its
parent model ( CNN exclusive). The model’s accuracy was 96.05%.
Random forest algorithm[15] was used on the clinically available blood tests
results. This yieled an accuracy of 97.95%. But the catch here is, it was
performed on the blood test results. Another deep transfer learning model
combined with Conditional Generative Adversarial Nets (CGAN) [16] was
performed in the CT images with 5 different deep CNN models (AlexNet,
VGGNet16, VGGNet19, GoogleNet, and ResNet50) gave a accuracy of
82.91%.
Instead of lung CT images, chest X-rays were also used for detection. For
this, deep CNN [19] were used and accuracy achieved was 98.04%. For
detecting early cases, deep convolutional autoencoder [20] was used on
chest X-rays which gave an accuracy of 76.52%.
REFERENCES
6. Novelty/Innovation :
The novelty prescribed in this project is that, we are proposing a new variant of
convolutional autoencoder to identify and detect the presence of Covid 19 using
CT scan images. The model will use 3 autoencoders (AE) as of now, and can be
increased based on the performance and requirements. The model of these 3 AE
is designed such that, it gives better performance than other models. These 3
autoencoders are designed uniquely. The output from the autoencoder is then
run in the neural networks for classification. The result is displayed as ‘Covid’
or ‘No covid’.
7. Study Objectives:
To detect covid-19 from computed topography images (CT scans) using
autoencoders and convolutional neural networks.
With the help of convolution neural network, we classify the given
input image as either covid or no covid.
12.Data:
The dataset used for this paper is obtained from https://github.com/UCSD-
AI4H/COVID-CT.
The use of this dataset has been proven by a senior radiologist at Tongji Hospital
in Wuhan, China, who diagnosed and treated a significant number of COVID-
19 patients between January and April during the disease's epidemic.
13.Ethics Review:
The data used is publicly available dataset on github. The data collected by the
author has been approved clinically and the laws have not been broken.
14.Project Implementation Plan:
The project is proposed to have the following milestones.
Milestone 1- to find the last layer of the autoencoder for finding out the
features
Milestone 2- configure 3 autoencoders and running it
Milestone 3- running it with CNN and finding out the results
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16. Expected Outcomes: The model is projected to give an accuracy of 83%. This
accuracy can be increased more with the increase in the number of autoencoders.