QUALITY CONTROL

DEFINITION
Quality control is a technique by means of which products of uniform acceptable quality are
manufactured.”

IMPORTANCE OF QUALITY CONTROL

1. The brand products build up goodwill or image which ultimately increases sales.
2. It helps the manufacturers/ entrepreneurs in fixing responsibility of workers in the production
process.
3. Quality control also helps in minimizing the costs by increasing efficiency, standardization,
working conditions, etc.
4. It also enables the entrepreneur to know the cost of product quite in advance which helps him
in determining competitive prices of his product.
5. The entrepreneur can confirm whether the product manufactured is in accordance with the
standard set by the Government. It further facilitates the entrepreneur to take necessary actions to
comply with the standard set.

FEATURES ABOUT QUALTY CONTROL

 It mainly focuses on fulfilling the quality requested
 It aims to identify and fix the defects
 It is a method to verify the quality
 It’s a corrective technique
 It confirms that the standards are followed while working on the product
 It ensures that whatever we have done as per the requirement
METHODS OF QUALITY CONTROL
1. Inspection – product inspection, process inspection and inspection analysis
2. Statistical quality control - This method is based on statistical techniques to determine
and control the quality. Sampling, probability, and other statistical inferences are used in
this method for controlling the quality of a product.

CURRICULUM PLANNING
DEFINITION
Curriculum is defined as the formal and informal content and process by which learners gain
knowledge and understanding, develop, skills, and alter attitudes, appreciations and values under
the auspices of that school.

DETERMINANTS OF CURRICULUM
Psychological, Scientific, Political, Sociological, Philosophical

STEPS OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

1. Formulation of educational objectives
2. Selection of teaching learning experiences
3. Organization of teaching – learning experiences
4. Evaluation of learning objectives/ outcomes

1. Formulation Of Educational Objectives:

Educational objectives will provide useful guidelines for teachers to adopt a more systematic
approach in designing and planning instructional strategies, particularly with respect to:
What to teach
How to teach  
How to assess
What to evaluate  
In formulating educational objections, it is best to use words or phrases ( eg . to identify, to
differentiate, to evaluate, to perform a particular task or procedure, to elicit a response from) that
describe, as precisely as possible,  measurable  or  observable learning outcomes

2. Selection Of Learning Experiences

Learning experience is defined as deliberately planned experiences in selected situations where

students actively participate, interact & which result in desirable changes of behavior in the
students. In nursing education, selection of learning experience is concerned with the decision
about the content of subject matter & clinical, community & laboratory practice.

Criteria for the selection of Learning Experiences:

Consistent with the philosophy
Varied & flexible enough
Give the students an opportunity to practice
Provide chance for the development of independent thinking
Adapted to the needs of the student
Provide continuity, correlation & integration
Learning experience should be:
Planned & evaluated co-operatively by the teacher & the student
Selected & arranged to give appropriate emphasis & weight age according to the relative
importance of the various learning experiences & contents
Should allow the student to learn by doing
Should create motivation & interest among students
All learning experiences which are planned & selected should be helpful to the student in
attaining the educational objectives.
3. Organization of learning experiences :
It has to be done carefully, systematically & sequentially
Aim of organization of learning experiences in the curriculum is to bring & relate various
learning experiences together to produce the maximum. Continuity, sequence & integration has
to be followed

Learning experiences have to be vertically & horizontally organized:

In vertical organization, the learning experience planned for the entire curriculum have to be
arranged in such a way that the learning progresses week by week, month by month, semester to
semester & year to year.
In horizontal, all the learning takes place in different times & are automatically related to
learning of another situation or subject.

Elements of Organizing the Learning Experiences:

Preparation of master plan for curriculum
Placement of learning experiences in the total curriculum
Preparation of the correlation chart
Organization of clinical experience
Types of teaching system have to be followed.

4. Evaluation of the curriculum:

Curriculum evaluation involves an assessment of the philosophy of the institution, programme
goals, nursing content taught in each course, course objectives, teaching – learning methods,
course evaluation methods & the relationship of non- nursing courses to the overall plan of
study. Evaluation of a curriculum should be efficient & effective.

COUNSELING STUDENTS FOR DISCIPLINARY ISSUES

1. Analyse the factors causing disciplinary issues

 2. Arrange for a time and place which will provide privacy
3. Focus the student on the topic of concern
4. Listen to the student in an acceptive manner
5. Make no judgements
6. Respond when appropriate
7. After the concerns expressed by the student, focus him on finding the solution for the
issues
8. Promote positive student behavior
9. Help students to create effective behavior change
10. Consult with friends and families to understand appropriate student behavior
11. Design and implement positive behavior for him in collaboration with class teachers
12. Coordinate and facilitate programs such as
Mentor program
Peer support
Conflict resolution
Anger management

MALPRACTICE
MEANING
Malpractice occurs when a nurse fails to perform the duties and that causes harm to the patients
COMMON MALPRACTICE
1. Medication error
2. Failure to follow physician order
3. Delaying patient care
4. Failure to monitor a patient
5. Incorrectly performing procedure
6. Documentation error
7. Failure to get informed consent
NEGLIGENCE
MEANING
When a nurse who is failure to take reasonable care to prevent loss or injury to the patient is
negligence

TYPES
1. Ordinary negligence is the failure to do what a reasonable and prudent person would do
under the same circumstances in the situation
2. Gross negligence is more severe and includes the intentional omission of proper care or
the commission of act constituting the improper delivery of care

NURSE’S ROLE IN PREVENTING MALPRACTICE AND NEGLIGENCE

 Be present to your patient
 Explain consent
 Never wait to refer a patient
 Remember to document thoroughly
 Measure twice and administer medicines
 Proper communication
 Be sure to follow up
 Stay up-to-date on current standards