Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Decameron
Black Death
taille
Jacquerie
Schism
longbow
Joan of Arc
Peace of Bretigny-Calais
a collection of stories by Boccacio; provides insight into life during the Black Death
deadly disease originating in Asia that leaves buboes on the skin; the more deadly airborne version is pneumonic plague
outbreak of bubonic plague in the 14th Century killing up to a 1/3 of the European population and challenging European institutions
French peasant revolt against an increase in the taille; brutally put down
English/French war between 1337-1453; fought in France, led to stronger monarchies in both countries
a Welsh or English bow about as tall as a man; very effective in Hundred Years War but required in general, a division; often used to note a division within the Catholic Church well-trained, strong archers
Edward renounces claim to French throne but no longer vassal to France; Edward soverign over peasant woman who saw visions; led French English territory in France; France to pay 3 million armies to victories in Hundred Years war, gold crown ransom for King John the Good's improved French morale and identity; burned as a release - only temporary peace in Hundred Years heretic by the English War
Avignon Papacy
Pope Urban IV
Indulgence
clericos laicos
Defender of peace
unam sanctum
curia
Lollards
Seat of the Papacy moved to Avignon, France from 1309 to 1378 - also known as the Babylonian Captivity
created a centralized papal monarchy that led to greater focus on secular matters for the Catholic Church
pardons for unrepented sins that could be purchased; used to raise funds by the Church; greatly criticized by Protestant reformers
established the Church's law court, the Rota Romana which centralized the Church's legal proceedings
book by Marsilius of Padua arguing for the papal bull (formal document) forbidding lay taxes authority of the sovereign over the state and w/o revoking refuting the idea that the Church had authority over on the clergypapalpapal approval andlay taxes all previous approval for such secular governments
papal bull (official document) declaring temporal leaders were subject to the spiritual authority of the Church. Written in desparation by a threatened papacy
agreement in which the French King Charles VII's English Followers of John Wycliffe, who criticized Gallican Liberties regulating church appointments the spiritual and secular authority of a Church & taxes - part of a European trend toward secular hierarchy independence from the Church
Hussites
Golden Horde
Great Schism
Kulikov
Conciliar Theory
Boyars
Mongol khanate that demanded tribute and obedience from Russia in the 13th to 15th centuries
Bohemian followers of Jan or John Huss, who criticized the spiritual and secular authority of a Church hierarchy
location of a battle in which Grand Duke Dmitri of Moscow defeated Mongol (Tatar) force beginning the decline of Mongol rule in Russia
Strange event 1378-1417, in which there were two, then three, Popes existed at the same time; an Italian Pope, a French Pope, and then a "compromise" Pope finally resulting in all three resigning or being deposed & Martin V's election
idea that Church Councils could regulate the actions of a Pope and acted with greater authority than the Pope