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OPERATION MANUAL

CONDUCTIVITY METER

WARRANTY :
All products are warranted against defective workmanship for a period of one year from the date of delivery. We will repair or replace all defective equipment returned to it (transportation charges prepaid) during the warranty period without charge, provided there is no evidence that the equipment has been mishandled or abused. If, during the period of this warranty, the product appears to have a defect materials or workmanship, please email or write directly . in

All products returned to supplier must be insured by sender and must be carefully packaged and adequately protected such as to prevent breakage from shock and rough handling that might occur during shipment; all applicable shipping charges, insurance, duties and taxes must be prepaid by the sender.

WARNING :
To prevent fire or shock hazard do not expose the unit to rain or moisture. Dangerously high voltages are present inside the unit. Do not open the cover. Refer servicing to qualified personnel only.

PRECAUTIONS:
On Safety * Operate on 230V AC 50 Hz

Should any liquid or solid fall on the cover, unplug the unit and have it checked by qualified personnel before operating it any further. * Do not install the unit in a location near heat sources such as radiators or air ducts, or in a place subject to direct sunlight, excessive dust, mechanical vibration or shock.

On Cleaning To keep the unit looking brand new, periodically clean it with a soft cloth, stubborn stains may be removed with a cloth lightly dampened with a mild detergent solution. Never use strong solvents such as thinner or benzene, or abrasive cleaners since these will damage the paint. As a safety precaution, unplug the unit before cleaning it. On Repackaging Do not throw away the carton and packing materials. They make an ideal container in which to transport the unit. When shipping the equipment to another location repack it as it was originally packed at the factory.

INSTALLATION AND CONNECTIONS


* Unpacking and Inspection The digital meter is fully tested, inspected and then carefully packed before shipment. Unpack the meter carefully and inspect it for obvious shipping damage. * Mechanical Installation The Conductivity Meter is light weight instrument made of aluminum sheet metal housing epoxy painted. The frame is made of two aluminum extruded channels where the side, top and bottom covers are slided in through the grooves which are provided on the extrusions. The Conductivity meter has two legs in the front which are folded and shipped. Just release the two legs and let it stand on the working table. The instrument will stand in a tilted position, convenient for viewing the display. The flexible stand is shipped as two parts, base plate and the flexible arm. To assemble the stand insert the vertical member of the flexible arm in the hole provided in the base plate after loosening the thumbscrew. Now tighten the thumbscrew. Move the stand to the required place and press the base plate by hands so that the vacuum pads at the base of the base plate adhere to the resting surface firmly. This completes the mechanicals installation. * Electrical connections The 230V mains input is provided through a mains 3 pin inlet at the back panel. A push switch provides ON/OFF operation to the instrument at the back panel via a 500mA fuse. Connect the Conductivity Cell to the R x input socket at the back panel. Connect the reference cell or NTC compensator to their respective input sockets at the back panel, as the case may be.

DESCRIPTION AND PRINCIPLE The Conductivity Meter is ideally suited for the analytical laboratory. It operates on 23V Mains supply, and gives digital Conductivity of the specimen. readout of the

Conductivity of a solution is a measure of the ability of the solution to carry the electric current. It is defined as the reciprocal of the resistance in Ohms of a 1 cm3 of the liquid at a specified temperature. Conductivity H = L x 1 _________ A R Where L A R H = Length of the column of liquid between the electrodes in cm. = Area of the column of liquid between the electrodes in cm2. = Electrical resistance of liquid between the electrodes in ohms. = Conductivity in Mhos/cm or Siemens/cm.

Conductivity is also known as specific conductance. L/A is known as cell constant (K) and is a constant value depending upon the geometry of the conductivity cell. The resistance of the liquid depends also on ion concentration and the temperature. Conductivity is determined by applying an AC voltage to the conductivity cell which traps a sample of the specimen within its well defined electrode geometry and measuring the resistance between the electrodes of the cell. AC is used because DC voltage causes electrolysis and polarisation effects at the electrodes.

The conductivity cell is immersed in the specimen and the cable connected to the conductivity meter. Suitable range and cell constant are selected. If automatic temperature compensation is required, a NTC probe is also connected to the instrument. Otherwise manual Temperature Control is set at the required point. The meter then gives accurate value of the conductivity of the specimen. The oscillator portion of the instrument generates stable transmitter signal which is fed to the conductivity cell. The output of the cell is sensed and measured after suitable amplification. The gain of the amplifier is also varied for temperature compensation. The measurement involves precision AC rectification followed by analog to digital conversion and display.

OPERATING PROCEDURE:
After making the connections as described, select the proper range and cell constant. If Automatic Temperature compensation is implied, connect the jumper from manual to Auto on the PCB inside. Standard Measurement with Manual Temperature Compensation: The Conductivity Cell is connected to the Rx inputs. The NTC inputs are left unconnected. Now set the TMP control knob to the temperature position equal to the temperature of the specimen. Range and cell K are selected as usual. Now the meter reads conductivity in mS/cm or us/cm directly. Connect the conductivity cell in the Rx inputs. Connect the NTC compensator to the A,B inputs of the NTC sockets at the rear side and immerse it in the specimen. Connect the jumper from manual to Auto on the PCB inside. Select range and cell-K as usual. The meter will now read conductivity of the specimen accurately at all temperatures.

Ratiometric Measurement:
Connect the reference cell to the R REF inputs. Connect the conductivity cell (specimen cell) to the Rx inputs. It is implied that both cells have the same cell constant. Immerse both cells, either in the specimen solution or in the reference solution. Set the range selector and cell K selector in R position. Adjust CELL CALIB control in the rear panel so that the display reads 1.000. Leave the CELL CALIB control in this position undisturbed. Remove the cells and immerse them in their respective solutions. Now the meter reads the ratio of the conductivity of the specimen solution to that of the reference solution directly. It is to be noted that the reference solution conductivity should be at least double of that of the specimen. Otherwise the meter will show over range.

SPECIFICATIONS
Measuring Range: Standard Cell Constant Measuring Frequency Temperature Compensation : : : : 0-20uS: 0-200uS; 0-2mS; 0-20mS. 0.01; 0.1; 1 or 10 Cm-1 100 Hz or 1000 Hz internally selected a) Automatic with either temperature compensator (NTC) b) Manual with a potentiometer on the front panel. 3 1/2 digits LED 7 segment 0.5" height along with uS/Cm or mS/ 0 to 100mV full scale for driving recorders. Better than 1% Better than 1% Better than 1% 230V 50Hz ( 10%) 2.5VA. Ambient Temperature : -20C to +55C, 235mm width X 90mm height X 210mm

Digital Display Analog Output Linearity Accuracy Reproducibility Power Supply Environmental Conditions Dimensions and weight

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STANDARD CONDUCTIVITY SOLUTION :


DISSOLVE AS PER TABLE A,B OR C the indicated amount of Analytical Grade Potassium Chloride (KCL) in 1 litre of double distilled water. Shake the solution till the KCL is completely dissolved. Readings should correspond closely to the table given below.

CONDUCTIVITY OF POTASSIUM CHLORIDE SOLUTIONS (mS/cm)


TEMPERATURE C 15C 20C 21C 22C 23C 24C 25C (A) 74.555g/1000cc 92.52 102.07 104.00 105.94 107.89 109.84 111.8 7.4555g/1000cc 10.48 11.67 11.91 12.15 12.39 12.64 12.88 (B) 0.7455g/1000cc 1.147 1.278 1.305 1.332 1.359 1.386 1.413 (C)

Standard Method for Calibration of a Conductivity Meter Conductivity meters are usually used to measure the conductivity of a liquid solution. Conductivity generally increases with ionic concentration for highly soluble ions. Conductivity meters are calibrated at specific temperatures using specific solutions of known conductivity. Meters usually have to be calibrated at different ranges of conductivity for greater accuracy and precision. Conductivity is usually given as siemens per centimeter. Siemens are equal to inverse ohms (mhos). Siemens measure conductance; siemens per centimeter are a measure of conductivity. Pure deionized water at 25 degrees Celsius and pH 7.0 has a conductivity of 0.055 microSiemens per centimeter. However, it is very difficult to obtain water of this purity; even leaving it exposed for a few minutes will cause the pH to decrease due to absorption of carbon dioxide. The difference between pure water and "pure" tap water can be three to four orders of magnitude. Standard conductivity solutions with known conductivity are usually used instead of pure water. You can calibrate the instrument using a single solution. However the resulting data for samples will not be as valid as when you use solutions with far different conductivities compared to the calibration solution. Calibration for Different Conductivities - Conductivity measurements are only valid when they are between two or more calibrated known values. Calibrate your instrument with different conductivity solutions and graph the results. Use solutions that will be lower, similar and higher in conductivity than you expect the samples to be. Standard solutions have expiration datesusually about a year after manufacture. Check to make sure you have up-to-date standard solutions for calibration. You can also make your own standard calibration solutions. This is generally acceptable but the accuracy of your measurements will depend on your skill in making the solutions. A 14.10 microSiemens solution can be made out of a 1:100 dilution of a 1.41 milliSiemens solution. However you have to use a <1uS water for the dilution. It is always advisable to buy the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) certified solutions for conductivity calibration. Don't store conductivity standard solutions in the refrigerator; you can condense out salts, and the temperature difference may have an effect on the readings in your meter. Make sure the solutions are stored in perfectly airtight

containers to avoid evaporation and changing the conductivity. CELL CARE AND USE: The probe or electrodes in the conductivity meter should be cleaned periodically with detergent and dilute nitric acid. The probe should also be conditioned with a standard solution or tap water for a period of time before use. Do not wipe the cell rods or rub it with tissue as this will remove the platinum black deposit. Take off watering cap & immerse Cell in distilled water. Do not ever rub inside of Cell with any material, as the platinum black coating will rub off resulting in wrong readings. Shake Cell slightly after immersion in solution to eliminate air bubbles. Rinse in Distilled water after use. Dip in 0.7455 g/liter KCL solution & adjust Cell K potentiometer on the back of the meter to read 1.413 mS. (Temp Set to 25C) Cell is calibrated. After a long dry storage period reactivate in distilled water for 24 hrs. Store cell dry or in Distilled water Warning : DO NOT USE POLYCARBONATE CELL WITH ANY ORGANIC SOLVENTS.

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