Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Hagabi (Ifugao)
- wooden bench that marks the socio-economic
I. Pre-conquest status of owner
- In art historical terms, “Pre-conquest”
- In stylistic, “Indigenous” On the other hand, Christianized communities in
- In cultural terms, “Pre-colonial” Paete Laguna and Betis Pampanga are known for
carving santos. In the Southern Philippines
Art Before curvilinear decorations called the okir are
- Are everyday expressions and were all integrated employed in wood carving.
within rituals.
Sarimanok is the stylized design of a bird holding a
Art before Colonization fish in its beak and/or standing on a base in the
shape of a fish.
Earliest forms of Theater/Rituals
1. Mayvanuvanua (Batanes) Naga has the form of an elaborate mythical serpent
- ritual that opens the fishing season of dibang or dragon with a vigorous S-curve and numerous
(flying fish) curvilinear motifs to suggest its scales.
2. Cañao or Kanyaw (Cordillera Administrative
Region) Pako rabong is a stylized growing fern with a
- officiated by a shaman or mumbaki. It involves broad base gracefully tapering upwards.
animal sacrifice where the entrails are read through
a process of divination. The sarimanok and naga are found in the
Performed for healing childbirth coming of age panolong, the extended floor beam and the interior
during wakes weddings and burial ceremonies beams and posts of the large sultan’s house called
3. Kashawing (Lake Lanao, Mindanao) torogan.
- ritual to ensure abundance during rice planting
and harvesting. The Manunggul Jar, excavated in Manunggul
4. Tagbanwa (Palawan) Cave Lipunan Point Palawan is dated to the late
- shamans go into a trance amidst ritual chanting Neolithic Period (890-710). It has two
and dancing and are believed to be taken over the anthromorphic or human forms atop the lid.
goddesses themselves.
During the Metal Age (5 BC-225 AD) another type
Ethnic Musical Instruments of anthromorphic jars was produced the human
1. Kudyapi- a three stringed guitar figure is more pronounced with lid as the head and
2. Kulintang- an array of bossed gongs base as the body.
3. Gansa- flat gong
4. Agong- a large bossed gong In later years pottery would become more and more
associated with objects for daily use, such as the
Native Dance Forms palayok (clay pot) for cooking, and the banga and
1. Pangalay (Sulu) tapayan (clay pot) for storing liquids. In Vigan
- mimetic dance of seabirds Ilocos the making of burnay pottery continues as a
2. Kinabua of Mandaya lively tradition.
- performs swooping movements of eagle
3. Banog-banog of the Higaonon and B’laan According to Respicio, “Textile weaving has a long
- courtship dance that portrays the flight of the birds history, Philippine ethnolinguistic groups have a
4. Man-manok (Bagobos) rich textile weaving tradition.”
- imitate the movements of predatory birds
5. Talip (Ifugaos) Textiles are not only functional they also impart
- courtship dance mimetic of the movements of wild knowledge about people’s belief systems: the
fowls reverence for spirits and nature criteria for beautiful
6. Inamog of Matigsalugs and Kadaliwas (T’boli) and the society’s sociopolitical structure.
- represent the comedic movements of monkey
7. Tinikling (Tagalog) Woven Textiles
- evocative of the movements of the crane 1. Pis syabit
balancing itself on stilt-like legs or flitting away from - a headpiece woven by Tausug of Sulu
the clutches of bamboo traps 2. Malong
- it has exquisite tapestry panels called langkit
Carving woven by the Maranao of Lanao Del Sur
1. Bulul (Cordillera)
- granary god that plays important role in rituals Weaving
- anthromorphic bulul appears in container bowls 1. Tepo Mat
and spoons - a colorful double layered mat of Sama of Tawi-
Tawi made of pandan leaves
2. Ovaloid Baskets greatness of the divine being.
- made of nito and bamboo are used as a head
sling to carry harvest 1. Interior of mosques are covered with
3. Bubo elaborate patterning in the form of reliefs.
- fish traps made of sturdy bamboo strips in the To draw attention away from the concrete object or
Ilocos region away from human forms and nature toward to
contemplation of the divine. Divine Unity.
1. Tattoos 2. Abstract forms and patterns
- Visayas “Islas de los Pintados” Mental concentration against material world.
- shared by Southeast Asia and New Zealand other 3. Parts of the Mosque like the mihrab or niche
ethnolinguistic groups that practices tattooing are and the Qibla wall are oriented toward west
Kalinga, Kankanay, Ibaloy and Ifugao In order to fulfill the requirement that all Islamic
2. Jewelry buildings must be oriented toward Mecca as an
- the T’boli in particular are known for wearing expression of oneness.
brass chain bells and colorful beads 4. Bulbous Dome expresses all levels of comic
existence
1. Lotoans Octagonal base symbolizes the spirit while the four
- betel nut boxes of various shapes sided main base refers to the earth or material
2. Functional Containers world.
- textured design of rhombuses, spirals, circles and 5. The courtyard or Ka’bah a black shrine
tendrils swarm over the exteriors believed to be built by Prophet Muhammad
3. Brass Candy and Gadur himself
- used in ceremonies and are cherished as status It is the most revered Muslim architecture which
symbols or as heirloom pieces serves as a reference point for the Qiblah the
direction that should be faced when a Muslim
II. Islamic Colonial (13th Century to the prays.
Present) 6. The area of water supply serves as the
Islam was already well entrenched in Southern function of ablution or cleaning
Philippine where it continues to be culturally 7. The gardens within the Mosque compound or
dominant. even outside homes
Are evocative of paradise
Islam 8. Islamic forms are incline to project, grow or
Gained significant grounding in Sulu as early as have an upward orientation
13th century In tune with the regard for heaven and to veer from
Sayyid Abubakar of Arabia married Princess the material earth.
Piramisuli, daughter of Rajah Baguinda. Abubakar
succeeded the throne and established the Panolong an elaborately carved protusion akin to a
Sultanate of Sulu wing attached to the torogan
However it was in the arrival of Sayyid Abubakar of Though Islam rejects direct copying of images in
Arabia in 15th century that led to significant turn of nature it is apparent in the okir that takes inspiration
events. from it nonetheless also an example is luhul.