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HISTORY OF PHILIPPINE ART 2.

Hagabi (Ifugao)
- wooden bench that marks the socio-economic
I. Pre-conquest status of owner
- In art historical terms, “Pre-conquest”
- In stylistic, “Indigenous” On the other hand, Christianized communities in
- In cultural terms, “Pre-colonial” Paete Laguna and Betis Pampanga are known for
carving santos. In the Southern Philippines
Art Before curvilinear decorations called the okir are
- Are everyday expressions and were all integrated employed in wood carving.
within rituals.
Sarimanok is the stylized design of a bird holding a
Art before Colonization fish in its beak and/or standing on a base in the
shape of a fish.
Earliest forms of Theater/Rituals
1. Mayvanuvanua (Batanes) Naga has the form of an elaborate mythical serpent
- ritual that opens the fishing season of dibang or dragon with a vigorous S-curve and numerous
(flying fish) curvilinear motifs to suggest its scales.
2. Cañao or Kanyaw (Cordillera Administrative
Region) Pako rabong is a stylized growing fern with a
- officiated by a shaman or mumbaki. It involves broad base gracefully tapering upwards.
animal sacrifice where the entrails are read through
a process of divination. The sarimanok and naga are found in the
Performed for healing childbirth coming of age panolong, the extended floor beam and the interior
during wakes weddings and burial ceremonies beams and posts of the large sultan’s house called
3. Kashawing (Lake Lanao, Mindanao) torogan.
- ritual to ensure abundance during rice planting
and harvesting. The Manunggul Jar, excavated in Manunggul
4. Tagbanwa (Palawan) Cave Lipunan Point Palawan is dated to the late
- shamans go into a trance amidst ritual chanting Neolithic Period (890-710). It has two
and dancing and are believed to be taken over the anthromorphic or human forms atop the lid.
goddesses themselves.
During the Metal Age (5 BC-225 AD) another type
Ethnic Musical Instruments of anthromorphic jars was produced the human
1. Kudyapi- a three stringed guitar figure is more pronounced with lid as the head and
2. Kulintang- an array of bossed gongs base as the body.
3. Gansa- flat gong
4. Agong- a large bossed gong In later years pottery would become more and more
associated with objects for daily use, such as the
Native Dance Forms palayok (clay pot) for cooking, and the banga and
1. Pangalay (Sulu) tapayan (clay pot) for storing liquids. In Vigan
- mimetic dance of seabirds Ilocos the making of burnay pottery continues as a
2. Kinabua of Mandaya lively tradition.
- performs swooping movements of eagle
3. Banog-banog of the Higaonon and B’laan According to Respicio, “Textile weaving has a long
- courtship dance that portrays the flight of the birds history, Philippine ethnolinguistic groups have a
4. Man-manok (Bagobos) rich textile weaving tradition.”
- imitate the movements of predatory birds
5. Talip (Ifugaos) Textiles are not only functional they also impart
- courtship dance mimetic of the movements of wild knowledge about people’s belief systems: the
fowls reverence for spirits and nature criteria for beautiful
6. Inamog of Matigsalugs and Kadaliwas (T’boli) and the society’s sociopolitical structure.
- represent the comedic movements of monkey
7. Tinikling (Tagalog) Woven Textiles
- evocative of the movements of the crane 1. Pis syabit
balancing itself on stilt-like legs or flitting away from - a headpiece woven by Tausug of Sulu
the clutches of bamboo traps 2. Malong
- it has exquisite tapestry panels called langkit
Carving woven by the Maranao of Lanao Del Sur
1. Bulul (Cordillera)
- granary god that plays important role in rituals Weaving
- anthromorphic bulul appears in container bowls 1. Tepo Mat
and spoons - a colorful double layered mat of Sama of Tawi-
Tawi made of pandan leaves
2. Ovaloid Baskets greatness of the divine being.
- made of nito and bamboo are used as a head
sling to carry harvest 1. Interior of mosques are covered with
3. Bubo elaborate patterning in the form of reliefs.
- fish traps made of sturdy bamboo strips in the To draw attention away from the concrete object or
Ilocos region away from human forms and nature toward to
contemplation of the divine. Divine Unity.
1. Tattoos 2. Abstract forms and patterns
- Visayas “Islas de los Pintados” Mental concentration against material world.
- shared by Southeast Asia and New Zealand other 3. Parts of the Mosque like the mihrab or niche
ethnolinguistic groups that practices tattooing are and the Qibla wall are oriented toward west
Kalinga, Kankanay, Ibaloy and Ifugao In order to fulfill the requirement that all Islamic
2. Jewelry buildings must be oriented toward Mecca as an
- the T’boli in particular are known for wearing expression of oneness.
brass chain bells and colorful beads 4. Bulbous Dome expresses all levels of comic
existence
1. Lotoans Octagonal base symbolizes the spirit while the four
- betel nut boxes of various shapes sided main base refers to the earth or material
2. Functional Containers world.
- textured design of rhombuses, spirals, circles and 5. The courtyard or Ka’bah a black shrine
tendrils swarm over the exteriors believed to be built by Prophet Muhammad
3. Brass Candy and Gadur himself
- used in ceremonies and are cherished as status It is the most revered Muslim architecture which
symbols or as heirloom pieces serves as a reference point for the Qiblah the
direction that should be faced when a Muslim
II. Islamic Colonial (13th Century to the prays.
Present) 6. The area of water supply serves as the
Islam was already well entrenched in Southern function of ablution or cleaning
Philippine where it continues to be culturally 7. The gardens within the Mosque compound or
dominant. even outside homes
Are evocative of paradise
Islam 8. Islamic forms are incline to project, grow or
Gained significant grounding in Sulu as early as have an upward orientation
13th century In tune with the regard for heaven and to veer from
Sayyid Abubakar of Arabia married Princess the material earth.
Piramisuli, daughter of Rajah Baguinda. Abubakar
succeeded the throne and established the Panolong an elaborately carved protusion akin to a
Sultanate of Sulu wing attached to the torogan
However it was in the arrival of Sayyid Abubakar of Though Islam rejects direct copying of images in
Arabia in 15th century that led to significant turn of nature it is apparent in the okir that takes inspiration
events. from it nonetheless also an example is luhul.

✓ Quran Luhul or canopy that takes inspiration from the


✓ Madrasa tree of life.
His is known for introducing the quran the holy text
and madrasa a religious school that facilitated the 9. Burraq, a horse with the head of a woman, is
teaching of Arabic writing in the 16th century. also an important figure
Believed to carry the Prophet in his ascension to
o Tausug heaven.
o Maranao
o Maguindanao III. Spanish Colonial (1521-1898)
o Yakan Style and Culture Religious Art, Lowland Christian
o Samal Art or Folk Art
o Badjao Lowland Christian Art
o Some areas in Palawan
Islamization process in Mindanao strengthened it Architecture
became the driving force that enabled the natives 1. Plaza Complex
to resist colonization. Islam was embraced as a - The complex was designed as the town center
religion and way of life. and consisted of the municipio or local government
office and church.
How art is influenced by Islam 2. Cruciform Churches
Notion of Tawhid or Unity with God emphasizes the - Following the shape of the Latin cross churches
impermanence of nature and the incomprehensible were built
This relocating became a means of organizing and The Sto. Domingo and San Agustin convents
gaining control of the native populace. taught choral music to young boys including Filipino
3. Baroque Style composers like Marcelo Ardonay (1848-1928)
- Characterized by grandeur, drama, elaborate
details that purposely appealed to the emotions 3. Pasyon or Pabasa
In keeping with the prevailing design of Hispanic - Biblical narration of Christ’s passion chanted in
churches baroque style was employed. improvised melody.
4. Awit and Corrido
Seen in San Agustin Church in Manila, Morong - Musical forms were chanted stories based on
Church in Rizal, Paoay Church in Ilocos Norte and European Literature and history.
Sto. Tomas de Villanueva Church in Miag-ao Iloilo 5. Balitao
- Sentimental love songs
4. Colonial Baroque or Philippine/Tropical 6. Kundiman
Baroque - Usually spoke of resignation and fatalism became
- Fusion of both native and European elements. a vehicle for resistance.
To suit the native’s sensibilities local intervention - Kundiman ni Abdon, a kundiman which became a
was made. The façade of Miag-ao Church features feature of protests actions against Martial Law and
St. Christopher surrounded by reliefs or relleves Bayan Ko.
having tropical motifs life palm fronds and papaya
trees. Literature
The use of adobe stone, limestone or brick and the - Among Mangyans of Mindoro bamboo poles are
construction of thick buttresses or wing-like turn into smaller nodes and are etched with
projections reinforce the church structure to make it Baybayin used to compose short poems of
more resistant to earthquakes. courtship and emotional concerns.
Baybayin pre-colonial writing system
Sculpting Engraving - In Ticao Leyte a huge stone was discovered that
1. Santos contained baybayin writing believed to be an
- From Western model to Chinese features and invocation for a safe journey by sea.
techniques with Greek and Roman classical
influence. 1. Cathecism and Prayer Books
- Greek and Roman classical influence is seen in - Religious books, first book is Christiana Doctrina
the proportion and formality of expression of a using the printing method xyloraphy.
santo and baroque style in the expressive and
emotional characteristics of the santo. Theater
2. Retablo • Processions
- Integrates architecture and sculpture and is often - Earliest form of theater were replaced by the
embellished with rosettes, scrolls, pediments and pomp and pageantry of religious processions
solomonic columns which may be gilded or complete with embellished carrozas containing
polychromed. religious tableaus of Catholic saints and scenes
3. Via Crusis from the Bible.
- Series of 14 paintings or relief structures depicting • Zarzuela or Sarsuwela
Christ’s crucifixion or resurrection. - A popular form of musical theater from Spain
4. Trompe l’oeil imported during 19th century it is an opera which
- A French word meaning “fooling the eye” it refers features singing and dancing interspersed with
to painting that give a heightened illusion of three- prose dialogue which allowed the story to be
dimensionality. carried out in song.
5. Relleves - Severino Reyes and Hermogenes Ilagan are the
- Carved figurative protusions. most distinguished playwrights of their day and
6. Plateria Honorata “Atang” dela Rama (National Artist for
- Organic designs of hammered silver. Theater and Music, awarded 1987) as their most
celebrated leading actress.
Music • Senakulo
1. Western Musical Intruments - Written in 1704 by Gaspar Aquino de Belen its
- Pipe organ, violin. guitar, piano narrative was culled entirely from the Biblical
2. Catholic Lithurgical Music account of Christ’s passion and death on the cross
- Introduced in 1742 by the Archbishop of Manila adapted into verse form and translated into local
Juan Rodriguez Angel language.
- Established a singing school at the Manila - Metaphor for the suffering of the Filipinos under
Cathedral that taught Western Church Music. Its the Spanish colonial rule.
curriculum was patterned after Madrid • Komedya
Conservatory of Music. - Depicts the conflict between the Muslims and
Christians.
1. Komedya de Santo or Religious Komedya
2. Secular Komedya Adonay and his compositions based on the
- Moro-Moro Western tradition.
- Moro is from Moor or the North American Arabs 2. Viriña
who ruled parts of Spain from the 8th-15th century. - A bell shaped glass where santos are placed.
3. Urna
Folk Music and Dance - A humble domestic version of retablo often
• Cariñosa attributed to the artists of Visayan region.
• Pandango
• Polka The rise of new elite in art
• Dansa 1. Bahay na Bato
• Riodon 2. Paintings
The galleon trade does not served just as a means
of governance it also brought influence to our folk Paintings
music and dance. Carry traces of habanero jota 1. Miniaturist Style
and tango dances from Spain. - Meticulous details that signify the wealth and
refinement of the sitter.
Secular Art
1. Carta Hydrographica y Chorographica de las Portrait of the Quezon Family 1800 documents the
Yslas Filipinas family’s affluence: the magnificent interior of the
- The first scientific map of the Philippines family’s house, the mother’s jewelry the delicate
- Non-religious literature fabric and embroidery of their clothing and their
dignified poses.
In 1734, the Jesuit Priest Fr. Pedro Murillo Velarde Example of miniaturist style painting by Simon
collaborated with artists Francisco Suarez and Flores
engraver Nicolas de la Cruz Bagay to make Carta
Hydrographica y Chorographica de las Yslas Other known painters of the same style are Antonio
Filipinas they were the first to acknowledge their Malantic, Isidro Arceo, Dionisio De Castro and
role as artist. Justiniano Asunsion
Other known engravers include Laureano Atlas and Who also rendered portraits of individual
Felipe Sevilla who produced religious images. 2. Letras Y Figuras
- Combining names of individuals and vignettes of
- Surrounding the map are vignettes of everyday everyday life.
life that focus on different types of people and their - Became popular when Filipinos acquired Spanish
surrounding called tipos del pais. names according to a decree implemented in 1884.
2. Flora de Filipinas
- An extensive compilation of Philippine plants by Jose Horonato Lozano
Augustinian botanist Fr. Manuel Blanco. - Is a practitioner of this art where the tipos del pais
- It consist of lithographic reproductions of are painstakingly rendered within the graphic
remarkable watercolor illustrations. Lithography outline of letters spelling out the name of a person
facilitated the reproduction of color plates as well as or family in watercolor on paper.
the mass printing of newspaper and periodicals. - A closer looks depicts specific circumstances
such as the family’s trade or business meanwhile
Virtual Arts the plaza landscapes and seascapes fill the
1. Heaven, Earth and Hell (1850) background.
- A mural by Jose Dans in Paete Church Laguna 3. Academic Paintings
2. Two versions of San Cristobal - Championed European academic styles
3. Basi Revolt Esteban Villanueva - Includes use of large panels, adoption of
Paintings served an instructive function through mythological themes and historical scenes and the
visual interpretation of biblical texts. application.
The art is strongly influenced by Spanish
rule/patronage. In 1821 Damian Domingo established the first art
Basi revolt is a series of 14 paintings that school in Binondo Manila, Academia de Dibujo,
chronicles the defeat of Ilocanos during their which eventually became absorbed by Real
rebellion against the Spanish monopoly of basi or Sociedad Economica Filipina de Amigos del Pais
rice wine 1821. where he serve as director.
Damian Domingo is known for watercolor tipos del
The opening of Manila to international trade and the pais. After Domingo’s death it closed down on the
Suez Canal in 1869 gained economic benefits for year 1834 and opened again after 1850’s the
the native elites. teachers are predominantly Spanish born or
peninsulares.
Religious art persisted like:
1. Music
- Development inside the Church through Marcelo
Features chiaroscuro or the play of light and the city attractive by making its building impressive and
dark and the contrast between them to heighten the places more inviting for leisure amid urban light
composition’s sense of drama. • Legislative Building
Academia trained Lorenzo Guerrero The Water • National Art Gallery
Carrier uses 19th century chiaroscuro. • Post Office
Tomas Mapua, Juan Arellano, Andres Luna de San
Juan Luna won gold for Spoliarium and Felix Pedro and Antonio Toledo
Hidalgo won silver for Virgenes Christianas
Expuestas Al Populacho in Madrid Exposition. Paintings
España y Filipinas 1. Landscape
- Became cherished travel souvenirs
Vergenes Christianas Expuestas Al Populacho Fabian Dela Rosa
- Currently on long-term loan to National Art Gallery - Known for his naturalist painting characterized by
in Singapore is a part of the Metropolitan Museum restraint and formality in brushwork, choice of
of Manila or MET Collection. somber colors and subject matter.
• Planting Rice 1921
Spoliarium • El Kundiman 1930
- May be viewed at the National Art Gallery of the Fernando Amorsolo
Philippines - 1972 National Artist known for his romantic
paintings that captured the warm glow of the
España y Filipinas Philippines sunlight.
- Is at the Lopez Museum • Ginebra Logo Degisn
• Amorsolo School
4. Genre of Paintings Irineo Miranda, Toribio Herrera, Cesar
- Paintings of scenes from everyday life of ordinary Buenaventura and Dominador Castaneda
people in work or recreations, depicted in a Victor Edades
generally realistic manner. - National Artist Edades influenced by United
- Includes use of large panels, adoption of States’ modern art movement.
mythological themes and historical scenes and the
• The Builders
application.
Guillermo Tolentino
- National Artist (1973) is a sculptor studied Fine
Simon Flores’ Primeras Letras 1890
Arts in Rome and was influenced by classical
tradition.
IV. American Colonial to the Postwar • Oblation Original (1935)
Republic (1898-1940) • Oblation (1958)
• Bonifacio Monument (1933)
Sedition Law which banned writing, printing, and
Napoleon Abueva
publication of materials advocating Philippine
- National Artist that is a modern artist who has
Independence
worked with a variety of mediums from hardwood to
precious alabaster.
Literature
1. Drama Simbolico
Japanese Occupation (1941- 1945)
- Are one-act play came to represent a deep and
Modern Art project slow downed in pace
profound yearning from freedom
• Tanikalang Ginto or Golden Chain by
1. KALIBAPI (Kapisanan sa Paglilingkod ng
Juan Abad
Bagong Pilipinas)
• (1902) Hindi ako Patay or I’m not Dead by - Sponsored art competition
Juan Matapang Cruz 2. Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere
• (1903) Kahapon, Ngayon at Bukas by - A propaganda movement that sought to create a
Aurelio Tolention Pan-Asia identity that rejected Western tradition
2. A Modern Filipina Early moderns and conservatives alike continued to
- The first English play written in 1915 by Liastillejo produce art and even participated in KALIBAPI in
and Jesus Araullo 1943 and 1944, Ricarte Purugganan and National
3. Vaudeville Artist Carlos Francisco won KALIBAPI awards.
- Is a motley collection of slapstick, songs, dances,
acrobatics, comedy, skits, chorus girls, magic acts Slogans like “Asia for Asia” made its way to the
and stand-up comic acts. public through posters, ephemera, comics and
Japanese sponsored publications such as Shin-
Architecture Seki, Liwayway and Tribune
1. New Urban Design
- Employed Neoclassic architecture for government
offices and integrated parks and lawns to make the
Amorsolo Paintings National Arts Center
- Harvest Scene 1942 and Rice Planting 1942 - In Mt. Makiling was designed by Architect Leandro
continued to flourish because his arts showed little Locsin is appropriated the style of vernacular
or no indication of war’s atrocities which is houses like the Ifugao fale.
continued to be favored.
- Evocative of Semblance of peace, idealized work Coconut Palace
in the countryside and promoted values of docile - Was designed by Architect Francisco Manosca
industriousness utilized indigenous building materials and fashioned
the roof to look like a salakot.
Sa Kabukiran
- Is Sylvia La Torre’s hit song written in tagalog in CONTEMPORARY PHILIPPINE ARTS
the 1940 by the acclaimed composer Levi Celerio
FROM THE REGIONS
National Artist for Music and Literature awarded
1997.
His Excellency, Jorge B. Vargas, Chairman of the GAMABA (Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayan)
Philippine Executive Commission 1943 - Institutionalized through Republic Act No. 7355 in
“Independence this Year” said His Excellency, April 1992
Premier Tojo 1943
Difference between NA and GAMABA
Paintings • Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayan
1. Genre Paintings - Given to an artist who has high level
2. Showed indigenous and pre-colonial tradition skill of a traditional art uniquely
3. Portraits of ethnolinguistic groups (Crispin Filipino and is passed on and widely
Lopez’s Study of an Aeta 1943) practiced by the present generation.
4. Scenes of war that remained neutral • National Artist Award
- Focusing on the aesthetic qualities of ruin and - Highest national recognition given to
disaster (Amorsolo’s Bombing of the Intendencia Filipinos who made huge
1942 and Ruins of the Manila Cathedral 1945) contributions to Philippine arts like
music, dance, theater, etc.
After 1945 works which depicted horrors of war NCCA (National Commission for Culture and
such as Diosdado Lorenzo’s Atrocities in Paco and the Arts)
Dominador Castaneda’s Doomed Family were - The highest policy-making and coordinating body
painted for culture and the arts of the state.
• Searches for the finest traditional artists of
IV. 70’s Contemporary the land
Many cultural projects ensued during the helm of • Adopts a program that will ensure the
the Marcoses transfer of their skills to others
• Undertakes measures to promote a
Under Martial Marcos envisioned a New Society or genuine appreciation of traditional craft and
Bagong Lipunan art
1. Rebirth of a long lost Civilization • Instills pride among our people about the
2. Aspiration to Modernization and skill of the Manlilikhang Bayan
Development
Martial Law was declared on September 21, 1972 Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayan
➢ First awarded in 1993 to three outstanding
CPP Shrine for the Arts artists in music and poetry
- Cultural Center of the Philippines is the premier ➢ Has its roots in the 1988 National Folk
bureaucratic entity through which art acquisition, Artists Award organized by the Rotary Club
exhibition making, workshops, grants and awards of Makati-Ayala
were implemented. Qualifications
- Inspiration is bahay kubo • He/She/Group is an inhabitant of an
indigenous/traditional cultural community
CPP Complex anywhere in the Philippines that has
• Folk Arts Theater (1974 Miss Universe preserved indigenous customs, beliefs,
Pageant) rituals and traditions and/or has syncretized
• Philippine International Concentration whatever external elements that have
Center (1976 IMF- World Bank Conference) influenced it.
• Tahanang Filipino or Coconut Palace (Papal • He/She/Group must have engaged in a folk
Visit) art tradition that has been in existence and
• Manila Film Center (Manila International documented for at least fifty (50) years.
Film Festival) • He/She/Group must have consistently
Reviving Filipino Tradition performed or produced over a significant
National Arts Center (Mt. Makiling Coconut Palace)
period, works of superior and distinctive 8. Yabing Mansalon Dulo (2016)
quality. - Weaving (Ikat)
• He/She/Group must possess a mastery of - Polomolok, South Cotabato
tools and materials needed by the art and
must have an established reputation in the Literature and Performing Arts
arts as master and maker of works of 1. Ginaw Bilog (d. 2003 or 1993)
extraordinary technical quality. - Surat Mangyan and ambahan poetry
• He/She/Group must have passed on and/or - Hanunuo Mangyan/Mansalay, Oriental Mindoro,
will pass on to other members of the Central Philippines
community their skills in the folk art for 2. Masino Intaray (1993)
which the community is traditionally known. - Lyrical poems (kulilal, basal and bagit) and
playing their accompanying instruments; epic
What are the incentives received by the chanting and storytelling
Awardee? - Pala’wan/Brookes Point, Palawan Island, Central
A Manlilikha ng Bayan awardee receives: Philippines
• Especially designed gold medallion 3. Samaon Sulaiman (d. 2011 or 1993)
• An initial grant of P100,000 and - Playing Kudyapi
• P10,000 monthly stipend for life - Magindanao/Mama sa Pano, Maguindanao,
In consonance with the provision of Republic Act Western Mindanao Island, Southern Philippines
No. 7355, which states that “the monetary grant 4. Alonzo Saclag (2000)
may be increased whenever circumstances so - Playing Kalinga musical instruments; dance
warrant”, the NCCA board approved: patterns and movements associated with rituals
• An additional monthly personal allowance of - Kalinga/Lubuagan, Kalinga, Northern Luzon
P14,000 for the awardees Island, Northern Philippines
5. Federico Caballero (2000)
Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayan - Chanting the Sugidanon epic of the Panay
a. Folk architecture Bukidnon
b. Maritime transport (Groups) - Elements of oral tradition
c. Weaving (8) - Sulod Bukidnon/Calinog, Iloilo, Panay Island,
d. Carving Central Philippines
e. Performing arts (6) 6. Uwang Ahadas (2000)
f. Literature (6) - Playing Yakan Musical Instruments
g. Graphic and plastic arts (2) - Dimming eyesight
h. Ornament (1 nominee) - Yakan/Lamitan, Basilan Island, Southern
i. Textile of fiber art Philippines
j. Pottery
Plastic Arts
Weaving 1. Eduardo Mutuc (2004)
1. Lang Dulay (1998) - Silver planting of religious and secular art
- Tinalak weaving - Kapampangan/Apalit, Pampanga, Central Luzon
- T’boli/Lake Sebu, South Cotabato, Mindanao, Island, Northern Philippines
Southern Philippines 2. Teofilo Garcia (2012)
2. Salinta Monon (1998) - Gourd casque making
- Inabal weaving - Tabungaw
- Tagabawa Bagobo/Bansalan, Davao Del Sur, - Ilokano/San Quintin, Abra, Northern Luzon Island,
Southeastern Mindanao Island, Southern Northern Philippines
Philippines
3. Darhata Sawabi (2004 or d. 2005) Ornament
- Pis syabit weaving 1. Whang-od Oggay
- Tausug/Parang, Sulu, Southern Philippines - The last mambabatok of her generation
4. Haja Amina Appi (d. 2003 or 2004) - Nominee for GAMABA Awards for Ornament on
- Mat weaving October 21, 2017
- Sama/Tandubas, Tawi-Tawi, Southern Philippines - Started her tattoo works at the age of 15 from her
5. Magdalena Gamayo (2012) father. Now, she’s 101 years old.
- Inabal weaving - She has been tattooing headhunters and women
- Ilocano/Pinili, Ilocos Norte, Northern Luzon Island, of the indigenous people of Butbut in Buscalan,
Northern Philippines Kalinga
6. Ambalang Ausalin (2016)
- Weaving (Yakan tennun) Pottery
- Lamitan, Basilan 1. Mr. Fidel Go
7. Estelita Tumandan Bantilan (2016) - A Filipino-Chinese Artist, 68 years-old
- Weaving (B’laan igem) - Master of “Burnay Making”
- Malapatan, Sarangani
- In 1998, he was one of the 100 Filipino artist given Dance, Music, Architecture Design and
the Centennial award, a once-in-a-lifetime Allied Arts, Broadcast and Film, Theater and
recognition for local artists. The National Literature.
Commission for Culture and Arts declared him as a
National Folk Artist. National Artist of Music
1. Antonino R. Buenaventura
The Production Process and the Changing - Research on and popularize Philippine Folk
Environment Songs and Dances in 1935.
- He wrote songs and musical arrangement based
Factors that affects the traditional artist’s on the folk songs of different groups in the country.
production process: His Noble Marches:
• History of Fantasy
1. Tourism • Triumphal March
- Dances and rituals are staged for an external • Echoes of the Past
audience rather than for the community’s • Second Symphony in E-flat
observance of tradition. • Ode to Freedom
▪ Art forms native to the community tend to
• Echoes from the Philippines
diminish in quality.
2. Jose Maceda
2. Mining and Infrastructure Projects
- His life-long musical career focused on
- The construction of dams and the establishment
understanding and popularizing Filipino traditional
of oil and mining companies evict people from the
music.
dwellings and severely damage the environment.
- His papers led to the understanding and
3. Militarization
appreciation if the ethnic and traditional music from
- The insecurity and tensions brought about by
the Philippines.
militarized zones arrest the people’s ability to
Hi major works:
create art.
• Ugma-ugma
▪ It prevents people from having communal
• Pagsamba
gatherings, where exchanges and passing
• Udlot-udlot
of knowledge can take place.
4. Christianization • Agungan
- The influence of Christianity and the conversion of • Ugnayan
the natives to a foreign religion have caused • Aroding
members of the community to forsake their • Ading
indigenous rituals and traditions. • Siasid
▪ The Manobo community of Mt. Apo, for • Suling-suling
example initiated a “Culture Regeneration 3. Lucrecia R. Kasilag
Movement” - She reinforces the Filipino’s appreciation to music
5. Environmental Degradation by fusing Western influence to Philippine ethnic
- Ushered in by calamities, modernization and music.
capitalistic endeavors displace the indigenous - She was the music editor of the Bayanihan Dance
peoples from places where culture is performed. Company
Difficulties in the Selection Process She integrated ethnic instrument on her orchestral
▪ Archipelagic orientation productions like:
▪ Risky places • Toccata for Percussions and Winds
• Divertissement and Concertante
Philippine Artists and their • Filisiana
Contributions to Contemporary Arts • De Profundis
Order of National Artist • Misang Filipino
▪ The Republic of the Philippines, through the Her other works include:
National Commission for Culture and the • Legend of the Sarimanok
Arts (NCCA) and the Cultural Center of • Philippine Scenes
the Philippines (CCP), established the • Her Son
order of the National Artist Award or the • Ang Pamana
Order ng Pambansang Alagad ng Sining • Jose
on April 27, 1972 under Proclamation No. • Sisa
1001. • Awit ng mga awit Psalms
▪ This award seeks to give honor to the • Fantasie on a 4-note Theme
Filipino individuals with outstanding share • East Meets Jazz Ethnika
the cultural heritage and cultural identity of 4. Ernani J. Cuenco
the country by the means of their valuable - He is one of the remarkable singer, composer, fil
efforts and contribution to the Philippine arts scorer and musician.
specifically in the areas of Visual Arts,
- His song etched a mark in the heart of the National Artist of Dance
Filipinos due to his styles of incorporating 1. Ramon Obusan
Kundiman elements in his ballad songs. (June16, 1938- December 21, 2006)
His popular works include: - He was a dancer, choreographer, stage designer
• Bato sa Buhangin and artistic director. He achieved phenomenal
• Bulong ng Puso success in Philippine dance and cultural work.
• Kalesa 2. Francisca Reyes Aquino
• Gano Kita Kamahal (March 9, 1899- November 21, 1983)
• Diligin mo ng Hamog ang Uhaw na Lupa - Acknowledge as the folk dance pioneer. This is
• Nahan Bulakeña began her research on folk dances in the
• Kahit na Magtiis 1920’s making trips to remote barrios in Central
5. Lucio San Pedro and Northern Luzon. Her research on the
- A master composer known for creatively using folk unrecorded forms of local celebration, ritual and
idioms in his musical compositions. sport resulted into a 1926 thesis titled “Philippine
- He extracted the Filipino essence and style from Folk Dances and Games” and arranged
the folk materials and use them in his compositions. specifically for use by teachers and playground
His famous songs: instructors in public and private schools.
• Sa Ugoy ng Duyan 3. Leonor Orosa Goquingco
• Lulay (Dance, 1976)
Orchestral Compostions: - A Pioneer Filipino choreographer known to many
as “the trailblazer”, “the mother of Philippine
• Eastern Cantata
Theater dance” and “Dean of Filipino performing
• Sa Mahal Kong Bayan
arts critics”. She has produced stunning
Orchestral Works:
choreographies during her 50-year career,
• The Devil Bridge
highlighted by “Filipinescas: Philippine life, legend
• Malakas at Maganda and love" which elevated native folk dance to its
• Maganda Overture highest stage of development.
• Hope and Ambition 4. Alice Reyes
Band Musical Compositions: - National Artist for Dance (1970)
• Dance of Fairies - “The Mother of Contemporary Dance”
• Lahing Kayumanggi
He was the conductor of three bands namely: National Artist of Theater
• Band of Angono 1. Daisy H. Avellana
• Banda Angono Numero Uno (January 26, 1917- May 12, 2013)
• The San Pedro Band of Angono - An actor, director and writer. Born in Roxas City,
6. Levi Celerio Capiz on January 26, 1917, she elevated legitimate
- Plays violin when he was 11. theater and dramatic arts to a new level of
- Lyricist and wrote a wide range of songs of excellence by staging and performing in
different themes. breakthrough productions of Classic Filipino and
- He composed an estimate of 4000 musical works. Foreign plays and by encouraging the
- Lyricist “Ang Pasko ay Sumapit” establishment of performing groups and the
- Writing songs for Filipino Movies professionalization of Filipino theater.
- Collaborated with Lucio San Pedro, Ernani 2. Severino Montano
Cuenco (January 3, 1915- December 12, 1980)
- Known for making using a leaf - Playwright, director, actor and theater organizer
Famous Pieces: Severino Montano is the forerunner in
• Sa Ugoy ng Duyan institutionalizing “legitimate theater” in the
• Dahil sa Isang Bulaklak Philippines. Taking up courses and graduate
• San ka man naroroon degrees abroad, he honed and shared his expertise
• Ang Pipit with his countrymates.
• Kung Tayo’y Magtanim 3. Wilfredo Ma. Guerrero
• Kalesa (Theater, 1997)
- A teacher and a theater artist who, in his 35 years
Other Artists: of teaching, he mentored some of the country’s
• Antonio Molina best Filipino performing artists, including Joy Virata
• Francisco Feliciano and Joone Gamboa. He is also the founder and
• Ramon Santos artistic director of the UP mobile theater, leading
the way for the concept of a theater campus by
• Jovita Fuentes
bringing theater closer to students and audiences in
• Felipe Padilla De Leon
the countryside.
• Andrea Veneracion
4. Salvador F. Bernal
- He designed more than 300 productions
distinguished for their originality since 1969.
Sensitive to the budget limitations of local - He took up Fine Arts at the University of Sto.
productions, he harnessed the design potential of Tomas.
inexpensive local materials, pioneering or Major works;
maximizing the use of bamboo, raw abaca and • Procession
abaca fiber, hemp twine, rattan chain links and • Bagong Taon
gauze cacha. • Candle Vendors
5. Rolando S. Tino • Night Glows
- National Artist for Theater and Literature (1997) 6. Victorio Edades
6. Honorata “Atang Dela Rama - He is the “Father of Modern Philippine
(January 11, 1902- Juy 11, 1991) Painting”
- National Artist for Theater and Music - He shocked many Filipinos on his exhibit due to
his non-conventional style of painting. He deviated
National Artist for Visual Arts Amorsolo’s use of happy and bright colors and
1. Carlos “Botong” Francisco used dark and sad hues in his painting instead.
(November 4, 1912- March 31, 1969) - Depicted in his works were the hardship in the life
- National Artist for Painting (1973) of the laborers and the lower class in the society.
- The poet of Angono, single-handedly received the Major artworks;
forgotten art of mural and remained its most • The Sketch
distinguished practitioner for nearly three decades. • Japanese Girl
Major works: • Mother and Daughter
• Blood Compact • Poinsettia Girl
• Bayanihan 7. Hernando R. Ocampo
• The Martyrdom of Rizal - National Artist for Visual Art
• Sandugo 8. Abdulmari Asia Imao
2. Guillermo Tolentino - National Artist for Visual Art
- A product of the revival period in Philippine art. 9. J. Elizarde Navarro
Returning from Europe (where he was enrolled at - National Artist for Visual Art
the Royal Academy of Fine Arts, Rome) in 1925, he 10. Cesar Leagspi
was appointed as professor at the UP school of fine - National Artist for Visual Art
arts where the idea also of executing a monument 11. Jose T. Joya
for national heroes struck him. The result was the - National Artist for Visual Art
UP Oblation that became symbol of freedom at the 12. Ang Kiukok
campus. Acknowledges as his masterpiece and - National Artist for Visual Art
completed in 1933, the Bonifacio Monument in 13. Vicente Manansala
Caloocan stands as an enduring symbol of the - National Artist for Painting
Filipinos’ cry for freedom. 14. Francisco Coching
3. Fernando Amorsolo
(May 30, 1892- April 24, 1972) National Artist of Literature
- National Artist for Visual Arts 1. Carlos P. Romulo
Significant works: - Multi-faceted career spanned 50 years of public
• Planting Rice service as educator, soldier, university president,
• Dalagang Bukid journalist and diplomat. It is common knowledge
• The Mestiza that he was the first Asian president of the United
4. Benedicto Reyes Cabrera Nations general assembly, then Philippine
(Born April 10, 1942) Ambassador to Washington, D.C., and later
- Known as “BenCab”, a Filipino painter and was minister of foreign affairs. Essentially though,
awarded National artist of Philippine Arts for Visual Romulo was very much into writing: he was a
Arts (Painting) in 2006. He has been noted as reporter at 16, a newspaper editor by the age of 20
“arguably the best-selling painter of his generation and a publisher at 32.
of Filipino artists”. 2. Sionil Jose
Major works: - One of the few living national artists, f. Sionil Jose
• Sabel is best known for creating the five novel
• Yellow Confetti masterpiece known as the Rosales Saga: poon;
• Ego Gesture tree; my brother; my executioner; the pretenders
• The Oriental Fan and the mass. Set in the town of Rosales,
5. Arturo Luz Pangasinan, it talks about the five generations of
- An abstractionist known for his minimalist two families, the Samsons and the Asperri, during
paintings and sculptures which exude sophisticated the Spanish and American occupation.
simplicity. He started doing art at the age of 17 3. Levi Celerio
without prior training. - A prolific lyricist and composer, is known for
- His first art lesson is under Pablo Amorsolo having effortlessly translating or rewriting lyrics of
(brother of Fernando Amorsolo) traditional Filipino melodies like “O Maliwanag na
Buwan” (Iloko), “Ako ay may Singsing” (Pampango) made integral to the structure. Pablo Jr. pointed
and “Alibangbang” (Visaya). He also been out, “For our Father, every line must have a
immortalized in the Guinness book of world records meaning, a purpose. For him, functions comes
as the only person to make music using just a leaf. first before elegance or form.”
4. Francisco Arcellan Major works includes:
- One of the greatest poets of his time • FEU Administration and Science Buildings
- Studied in Tondo Intermediate School • Manila Polo Club
- In Manila West High School, he took his writing • Ideal Theater
seriously and became a staff member of the Torres • Lyric Theater
Torch, their school paper. • Galaxy Theater
• Capitan Luis Gonzaga Building
Other Literature Artists: • Boulevard- Alhambra (now Bel-Air)
• N.V.M Gonvalez apartments
• Virgilio S. Almario • Ramon Roces Publications Building (now
• Edith L. Tiempo Guzman Institute of Electronics)
• Cirilio Bautista 3. Leandro V. Locsin
• Bienvenido Lumbera - A man who believes that true Philippine
• Nick Joaquin architecture “is the product of two great streams of
• Lazaro Francisco culture, the oriental and the occidental… to produce
• Jose Garcia Villa a new object of profound harmony.” Leandro V.
• Amado V. Hernandez Locsin is the man responsible for designing
• Elejandro Roces everything you see at CCP Complex- the cultural
• Carlos Quirino center of the Philippines, folk arts theater,
Philippine International Convention Center, Philcite
National Artist of Film and Broadcast and the Westin Hotel (now Sofitel Philippine Plaza)
1. Eddie Romero - Locsins largest single work is the Istana Nurul
- A screenwriter, film director and producer, is the Iman, the palace of the Sultan of Brunei, which has
quintessential Filipino filmmaker whose life is a floor area of 2.2 million square feet. The CCP
devoted to the art and commerce of cinema Complex itself is a virtual Locsin Complex with all
spanning three generations of filmmakers. His film five buildings designed by him- the Cultural
“Ganito Kami Noon… Paano Kayo Ngayon?”, set Center of the Philippines, Folk Arts Theater,
at the turn of the century during the revolution Philippine International Convention Center,
against the Spaniards and later, the American Philcite and the Westin Hotel (now Sofitel
colonizers, follows a naïve peasant through his leap Philippine Plaza)
of faith to become a member of an imagined 4. Ildefonso P. Santos, Jr.
community. - National Artist for Architecture
2. Ishamael Bernal 5. Jose Maria Zaragoza
- National Artist for Cinema - National Artist for Architecture
- Nora Aunor, “Himala” - National Library and Sto. Domingo Church
3. Ronald Allan K. Poe
- Popularly known as Fernando Poe, Jr., was a National Artist of Fashion Design
cultural icon of tremendous audience impact and 1. Ramon Valera
cinema artist and craftsman- as actor, director, - The contribution of Ramon Valera, whose family
writer and producer. hails from Abra, lies in the tradition of excellence of
4. Lino Brocka his works and his commitment to his profession,
- National Artist for Film/Broadcast Arts performing his magical seminal innovations on the
5. Manuel Conde Philippine terno.
- National Artist for Cinema

Architecture, Design and Allied Arts


1. Juan F. Nakpil
- Architect, Civil Engineer, teacher and civic leader,
is a pioneer and innovator in Philippine
architecture.
- Quiapo Church rebuilt in 1930, adding a dome
and 2nd belfry to the original design.
2. Pablo S. Antonio
- Born at the turn of the century, national artist for
architecture that pioneered modern Philippine
architecture. His basic design is grounded on
simplicity, no clutter. The lines are clean and
smooth, and where there are curves, these are

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