Reliability Analysis

Descriptive statistics

From the following table we can observe that about 37% of the respondents were aged between

31 – 40 years. Following bar chart also shows taller bar corresponding to the same.

Age group

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Percent

Less than 20 years 4 4.0 4.0 4.0

21 - 30 years 26 26.0 26.0 30.0

31 - 40 years 37 37.0 37.0 67.0

Valid
41 - 50 years 24 24.0 24.0 91.0

51 - 60 years 9 9.0 9.0 100.0

Total 100 100.0 100.0

From the following table we can observe that about 82% of the respondents were females.
Following bar chart also shows taller bar corresponding to the same.

Gender

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Percent

Female 82 82.0 82.0 82.0

Valid Male 18 18.0 18.0 100.0

Total 100 100.0 100.0

From the following table we can observe that about 83% of the respondents had education up to
university degree. Following bar chart also shows taller bar corresponding to the same.

Education level

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Percent

Community college 6 6.0 6.0 6.0

Primary school 1 1.0 1.0 7.0

Valid Secondary school 10 10.0 10.0 17.0

University 83 83.0 83.0 100.0

Total 100 100.0 100.0

From the following table we can observe that about 94% of the respondents were Qatari
nationals. Following bar chart also shows taller bar corresponding to the same.

What is your nationality?

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Percent

Non Arab 1 1.0 1.0 1.0

Valid Other Arab nationality 5 5.0 5.0 6.0

Qatari 94 94.0 94.0 100.0

 Total 100 100.0 100.0

From the following table we can observe that about 75% of the respondents completed their
university education. Following bar chart also shows taller bar corresponding to the same.

Have you completed your university education?

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Percent

No 25 25.0 25.0 25.0

Valid
Yes 75 75.0 75.0 100.0
 Total 100 100.0 100.0

From the following table we can observe that about 57% of the respondents completed their
education in Qatar. Following bar chart also shows taller bar corresponding to the same.

If yes, where did you complete your education?

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Percent

22 22.0 22.0 22.0

Valid
Aleppo, Syria 1 1.0 1.0 23.0
Egypt 1 1.0 1.0 24.0

France à Paris 1 1.0 1.0 25.0

HEC-Paris 1 1.0 1.0 26.0

I did not complete my

1 1.0 1.0 27.0
education

Overseas (e.g. UK, USA,

14 14.0 14.0 41.0
Europe)

Qatar 57 57.0 57.0 98.0

Saudi Arabia 1 1.0 1.0 99.0

Syria 1 1.0 1.0 100.0

Total 100 100.0 100.0

From the following table we can observe that about 40% of the respondents were employed in
private sector. Following bar chart also shows taller bar corresponding to the same.

Employment status: Are you currently

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Percent

Employed in private sector 12 12.0 12.0 12.0

Employed in public sector 40 40.0 40.0 52.0

Valid
Homemaker 11 11.0 11.0 63.0

Out of work and looking for

3 3.0 3.0 66.0
work
 Out of work but not currently
7 7.0 7.0 73.0
looking for work

Retired 5 5.0 5.0 78.0

Self-employed 9 9.0 9.0 87.0

Student 13 13.0 13.0 100.0

Total 100 100.0 100.0

From the following table we can observe that about 61% of the respondents were married.
Following bar chart also shows taller bar corresponding to the same.
 Marital status

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Percent

Divorced 10 10.0 10.0 10.0

Married 61 61.0 61.0 71.0

Separated 2 2.0 2.0 73.0

Valid
Single 24 24.0 24.0 97.0

Widowed 3 3.0 3.0 100.0

Total 100 100.0 100.0

From the following table we can observe that about 13% of the respondents were living in Al
Wakrah locality of Qatar. Following bar chart also shows taller bar corresponding to the same.

In which locality of Qatar do you or your family live?

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Percent

3 3.0 3.0 3.0

Ain Khalid 4 4.0 4.0 7.0

Airport 11 11.0 11.0 18.0

Al Gharrrafah 5 5.0 5.0 23.0

Al Hilal 2 2.0 2.0 25.0

Al Kheesa 3 3.0 3.0 28.0

Al Khor 3 3.0 3.0 31.0

Al Khuratiyat 5 5.0 5.0 36.0

Al Maamoura 1 1.0 1.0 37.0

Valid
Al Rayyan 5 5.0 5.0 42.0

Al Sadd 3 3.0 3.0 45.0

Al Thumama 2 2.0 2.0 47.0

Al Ubaib 1 1.0 1.0 48.0

Al Waab 9 9.0 9.0 57.0

Al Wajba 2 2.0 2.0 59.0

Al Wakrah 13 13.0 13.0 72.0

Aziziyah 2 2.0 2.0 74.0

Bin Mahmoud 1 1.0 1.0 75.0

Dafnah 2 2.0 2.0 77.0

Duhail 4 4.0 4.0 81.0

Izghawa 1 1.0 1.0 82.0

Luqta 1 1.0 1.0 83.0

Madinat Khalifa 1 1.0 1.0 84.0

Muaither 2 2.0 2.0 86.0

Najma 1 1.0 1.0 87.0

New Slata 1 1.0 1.0 88.0

Salwa 1 1.0 1.0 89.0

Slata 1 1.0 1.0 90.0

Umm Salal 4 4.0 4.0 94.0

West Bay 6 6.0 6.0 100.0

Total 100 100.0 100.0

From the following table we can observe that about 78% of the respondents were using internet.
Following bar chart also shows taller bar corresponding to the same.

Do you use the Internet?

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Percent

No 2 2.0 2.0 2.0

Valid Yes 98 98.0 98.0 100.0

Total 100 100.0 100.0

From the following table we can observe that about 33% of the respondents were using
Smartphone. Following bar chart also shows taller bar corresponding to the same.

From which device do you access the Internet?

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Percent

1 1.0 1.0 1.0

iPad/tablet 2 2.0 2.0 3.0

Valid
Laptop/PC 2 2.0 2.0 5.0

Laptop/PC, Smartphone 24 24.0 24.0 29.0

 Laptop/PC, Smartphone,
23 23.0 23.0 52.0
iPad/tablet

Smartphone 33 33.0 33.0 85.0

Smartphone, iPad/tablet 15 15.0 15.0 100.0

Total 100 100.0 100.0

From the following table we can observe that about 33% of the respondents were using Twitter,
Instagram, snap chat. Following bar chart also shows taller bar corresponding to the same.

Which of the following social media do you use?

 Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative
Percent

Facebook 1 1.0 1.0 1.0

Facebook, Instagram 2 2.0 2.0 3.0

Facebook, Instagram,
3 3.0 3.0 6.0
Snapchat

Facebook, Instagram,
1 1.0 1.0 7.0
Snapchat, Pinterest

Facebook, Twitter 1 1.0 1.0 8.0

Facebook, Twitter,
13 13.0 13.0 21.0
Instagram, Snapchat

Facebook, Twitter, Snapchat 2 2.0 2.0 23.0

Facebook, Twitter,
1 1.0 1.0 24.0
WhatsApp

Valid Instagram 1 1.0 1.0 25.0

Instagram, Snapchat 15 15.0 15.0 40.0

Instagram, Snapchat, Safari 1 1.0 1.0 41.0

Instagram, Snapchat,
1 1.0 1.0 42.0
WhatsApp

None 2 2.0 2.0 44.0

Snapchat 8 8.0 8.0 52.0

Snapchat, University
1 1.0 1.0 53.0
website

Twitter 3 3.0 3.0 56.0

Twitter, Instagram 6 6.0 6.0 62.0

Twitter, Instagram, Snapchat 32 32.0 32.0 94.0

Twitter, Instagram,
1 1.0 1.0 95.0
Snapchat, Path

Twitter, Instagram,
1 1.0 1.0 96.0
Snapchat, Tumblr

Twitter, Snapchat 2 2.0 2.0 98.0

WhatsApp 2 2.0 2.0 100.0

Total 100 100.0 100.0

From the following table we can observe that about 47% of the respondents they were spending
1 – 3 hours on social media apps. Following bar chart also shows taller bar corresponding to the
same.

If the previous question is applicable to you, how many hours per day do you spend
on social media apps?

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Percent

2 2.0 2.0 2.0

1-3 hours 47 47.0 47.0 49.0

4-6 hours 27 27.0 27.0 76.0

Valid
6 hours or more 11 11.0 11.0 87.0

Less than 1 hour 13 13.0 13.0 100.0

Total 100 100.0 100.0

From the following table we can observe that about 95% of the respondents were traveling
overseas. Following bar chart also shows taller bar corresponding to the same.

Do you travel overseas?

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Percent

No 5 5.0 5.0 5.0

Valid Yes 95 95.0 95.0 100.0

Total 100 100.0 100.0

From the following table we can observe that about 11% of the respondents were traveling to
UK. Following bar chart also shows taller bar corresponding to the same.

If yes to Question 15, where overseas do you travel to?

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Percent

6 6.0 6.0 6.0

Different countries 1 1.0 1.0 7.0

Valid Egypt 1 1.0 1.0 8.0

France 1 1.0 1.0 9.0

France, Germany 3 3.0 3.0 12.0

France, Germany, South
1 1.0 1.0 13.0
Asia

France, Germany, Spain,

1 1.0 1.0 14.0
Scandinavia

France, South Asia, U.A.E.,

1 1.0 1.0 15.0
K.S.A., Jordan

France, Turkey, Morocco 1 1.0 1.0 16.0

GCC 1 1.0 1.0 17.0

Germany 1 1.0 1.0 18.0

Germany, South Asia 1 1.0 1.0 19.0

Germany, Turkey 1 1.0 1.0 20.0

Germany, Turkey, South

1 1.0 1.0 21.0
Asia

South Asia 5 5.0 5.0 26.0

South Asia, Europe 1 1.0 1.0 27.0

Spain, Italy 1 1.0 1.0 28.0

Switzerland, Austra 1 1.0 1.0 29.0

Turkey 4 4.0 4.0 33.0

Turkey, South Asia 1 1.0 1.0 34.0

U.K. 11 11.0 11.0 45.0

U.K., Europe 1 1.0 1.0 46.0

U.K., France 4 4.0 4.0 50.0

U.K., France, Germany 1 1.0 1.0 51.0

U.K., France, Germany,

2 2.0 2.0 53.0
Turkey
U.K., France, Germany,
1 1.0 1.0 54.0
Turkey, South Asia

U.K., France, Germany,

1 1.0 1.0 55.0
Turkey, South Asia, Vienna

U.K., France, South Asia 2 2.0 2.0 57.0

U.K., France, Turkey 5 5.0 5.0 62.0

U.K., Germany 1 1.0 1.0 63.0

U.K., Germany, Europe 1 1.0 1.0 64.0

U.K., K.S.A., Bahrain 1 1.0 1.0 65.0

U.K., South Asia, Geneva 1 1.0 1.0 66.0

U.K., South Asia, U.A.E. 1 1.0 1.0 67.0

U.K., Turkey 1 1.0 1.0 68.0

U.K., Turkey, South Asia,

1 1.0 1.0 69.0
K.S.A. for Umrah, Dubai

U.S., France 1 1.0 1.0 70.0

U.S., France, Germany,

1 1.0 1.0 71.0
South Asia

U.S., France, Germany,

Turkey, Czech Republic,
1 1.0 1.0 72.0
Egypt, Switzerland, Austria,
Jordan, Syria, Lebanon

U.S., France, South Asia,

1 1.0 1.0 73.0
Morocco

U.S., France, Turkey 1 1.0 1.0 74.0

U.S., France, Turkey, South

1 1.0 1.0 75.0
Asia
U.S., Germany, Turkey 1 1.0 1.0 76.0

U.S., Turkey 1 1.0 1.0 77.0

U.S., U.K. 2 2.0 2.0 79.0

U.S., U.K., France 6 6.0 6.0 85.0

U.S., U.K., France,

2 2.0 2.0 87.0
Germany, Turkey

U.S., U.K., France,

Germany, Turkey, South 1 1.0 1.0 88.0
Asia

U.S., U.K., France, Turkey 2 2.0 2.0 90.0

U.S., U.K., France, Turkey,

2 2.0 2.0 92.0
South Asia

U.S., U.K., France, Turkey,

1 1.0 1.0 93.0
South Asia, Gulf countries

U.S., U.K., Germany 1 1.0 1.0 94.0

U.S., U.K., Germany, South

2 2.0 2.0 96.0
Asia

U.S., U.K., Turkey, Italy 1 1.0 1.0 97.0

U.S., U.K., Turkey, South

2 2.0 2.0 99.0
Asia

Vienna 1 1.0 1.0 100.0

Total 100 100.0 100.0

From the following table we can observe that about 34% of the respondents travelled to overseas
2 times. Following bar chart also shows taller bar corresponding to the same.

If yes in Question 15, how many times in a year do you travel overseas?

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Percent

.00 14 14.0 14.0 14.0

1.00 17 17.0 17.0 31.0

Valid 2.00 34 34.0 34.0 65.0

3.00 23 23.0 23.0 88.0

4.00 8 8.0 8.0 96.0

 5.00 4 4.0 4.0 100.0

Total 100 100.0 100.0

From the following table we can observe that about 49% of the respondents were staying for 1 –
2 weeks during their travel. Following bar chart also shows taller bar corresponding to the same.

How long do you stay during your travel?

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Percent

Valid 5 5.0 5.0 5.0

 1-2 weeks 49 49.0 49.0 54.0

3-4 weeks 27 27.0 27.0 81.0

5 weeks or more 13 13.0 13.0 94.0

Less than 1 week 6 6.0 6.0 100.0

Total 100 100.0 100.0

From the following table we can observe that about 94% of the respondents travelled to other
GCC countries (e.g., UAE, Oman, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain). Following bar chart also
shows taller bar corresponding to the same.
 Do you travel to other GCC countries (e.g., UAE, Oman, Kuwait, Saudi
Arabia, Bahrain)

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Percent

No 6 6.0 6.0 6.0

Valid Yes 94 94.0 94.0 100.0

Total 100 100.0 100.0

From the following table we can observe that about 25% of the respondents travelled to other
Gulf countries 3 time a year. Following bar chart also shows taller bar corresponding to the
same.
 If yes to Question 19, how many times in a year do you travel to other Gulf
countries?

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Percent

7 7.0 7.0 7.0

1 25 25.0 25.0 32.0

2 24 24.0 24.0 56.0

3 25 25.0 25.0 81.0

Valid
4 7 7.0 7.0 88.0

5 3 3.0 3.0 91.0

6 or more 9 9.0 9.0 100.0

Total 100 100.0 100.0

From the following table we can observe that about 66% of the respondents were staying during
their travel in other GCC countries for less than 1 week. Following bar chart also shows taller bar
corresponding to the same.

How long do you stay during your travel in other GCC countries?

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Percent

7 7.0 7.0 7.0

1-2 weeks 21 21.0 21.0 28.0

Valid
3-4 weeks 3 3.0 3.0 31.0

5 weeks or more 3 3.0 3.0 34.0

 Less than 1 week 66 66.0 66.0 100.0

Total 100 100.0 100.0

From the following table we can observe that statement “Basic services such as health care, clean

water, food, and legal assistance should be available to everyone, regardless of what country they

live in” had higher mean value of 4.49 with a standard deviation of 0.87 and statement “I believe

that I am connected to people in other countries, and my actions can affect them” had a low

mean value of 3.09 with a standard deviation of 1.093.

Descriptive Statistics
 N Minimum Maximum Mean Std. Deviation

Most people who are

important to me think that
100 1 5 3.36 1.142
being a global citizen is
desirable

If I called myself a global

citizen most people who are
100 1 5 3.17 1.111
important to me would
approve

My friends think that being a

100 1 5 3.18 1.140
global citizen is desirable.

My family thinks that being a

100 1 5 3.16 1.152
global citizen is desirable.

I am aware that the actions

of people from other
100 1 5 3.08 1.236
countries in their local
environment may affect me.

I believe that I am
connected to people in other
100 1 5 3.09 1.093
countries, and my actions
can affect them.

I try to stay informed of

current issues that impact 100 1 5 3.79 1.094
international relations.

I understand how various

cultures of this world interact 100 1 5 3.94 .919
socially.

I would describe myself as a

100 1 5 3.35 1.058
global citizen.

I strongly identify with global

100 1 5 3.50 .980
citizens.
I am able to empathize with
100 1 5 4.12 .832
people from other countries.

It is easy for me to put

myself in someone else’s
100 1 5 3.72 1.102
shoes regardless of what
country they are from.

I would like to join groups

that emphasize getting to
100 1 5 3.43 .977
know people from different
countries.

I am interested in learning
about the many cultures that 100 1 5 3.97 1.039
have existed in this world.

Those countries that are

well off should help people
100 1 5 4.45 .757
in countries who are less
fortunate.

Basic services such as

health care, clean water,
food, and legal assistance
100 1 5 4.49 .870
should be available to
everyone, regardless of
what country they live in.

People have a responsibility

to conserve natural
100 1 5 4.34 .945
resources to foster a
sustainable environment.

Natural resources should be

used primarily to provide for
100 2 5 4.39 .777
basic needs rather than
material wealth.
If I had the opportunity, I
would help others who are
in need regardless of their 100 1 5 4.34 .890
nationality, ethnic and
religious background.

If I could, I would dedicate

my life to helping others no
100 1 5 4.07 1.066
matter what country they are
from.

Being actively involved in

global issues is my 100 1 5 3.75 .947
responsibility.

It is my responsibility to
understand and respect
cultural differences across 100 2 5 4.44 .743
the globe to the best of my
abilities.

Valid N (listwise) 100

From the following table we can observe that statement “I am proud to be Qatari” had higher

mean value of 4.83 with a standard deviation of 0.587 and statement “In competition with other

nations, Qatar comes off best” had a low mean value of 2.5 with a standard deviation of 1.396.

Descriptive Statistics

N Minimum Maximum Mean Std. Deviation

I feel close to Qatar 100 1 5 4.75 .642

I am proud to be Qatari 100 1 5 4.83 .587

Being Qatari is an important

100 1 5 4.45 1.019
part of my identity
The national anthem and
Qatari flag give me a sense 100 1 5 4.58 .890
of meaning and belonging

I celebrate national holidays

100 1 5 4.38 .972
such as Qatar national day

I am willing to fight for my

100 1 5 4.76 .638
country

The national anthem and

Qatari flag give me a sense 100 1 5 4.23 .920
of meaning and belonging

I celebrate national holidays

100 1 5 4.75 .744
such as Qatar national day

I am willing to fight for my

100 1 5 4.78 .660
country

In competition with other

nations, Qatar comes off 100 1 5 2.50 1.396
best

National heritage should be

preserved for future 100 1 5 4.38 1.013
generations

In general, I’m glad to be a

member of the nation I 100 1 5 4.58 .768
belong to

I am more comfortable in
speaking and writing in 100 1 5 2.54 1.210
English than in Arabic

Being proficient in Arabic is

an important part of being a 100 1 5 1.47 .989
Qatari citizen

The local Qatari dialect is

100 1 5 2.44 1.217
part of the national identity
I identify more with
international cultures than 100 1 5 2.80 1.318
Qatari culture

I do not feel comfortable

100 1 5 3.34 1.075
wearing the national attire

I prefer international music

100 1 5 2.70 1.115
than Qatari music

I enjoy international
TV/Radio shows than Qatari 100 1 5 3.02 1.054
TV/radio shows

I attend cultural events in

100 1 5 4.28 1.129
Qatar

I prefer to eat international

100 1 5 4.88 .518
cuisines than Qatari cuisine

I make sure to attend

100 1 5 2.74 1.353
cultural events at Katara

Tradition is important to me;

to follow the customs 100 1 5 4.38 .962
handed down by my family

Valid N (listwise) 100

Reliability

From the following table we can observe that reliability of the items. The overall crohnbach’s

alpha was 0.863 ranging from 0.742 to 0.858 which is deemed to be good. Hence, it was decided

to include all the items in to the further analysis.

Items Crohnbach’s alpha (α)

Global citizenship scale 0.858

Qatar National Identity scale 0.742

Overall 0.863

Factor analysis

When all the items were forced to form a single factor, the factor analysis was able to extract 12

components with a variance of 72.525%. All the items had factor loadings of more than 0.4.

Hence all the items were considered for further analysis.

Factor

loadings

Most people who are important to me think that being a global citizen is desirable 0.756

If I called myself a global citizen most people who are important to me would

approve 0.845

My friends think that being a global citizen is desirable. 0.837

My family thinks that being a global citizen is desirable. 0.885

I am aware that the actions of people from other countries in their local environment

may affect me. 0.701

I believe that I am connected to people in other countries, and my actions can affect

them. 0.837

I try to stay informed of current issues that impact international relations. 0.693
I understand how various cultures of this world interact socially. 0.786

I would describe myself as a global citizen. 0.697

I strongly identify with global citizens. 0.618

I am able to empathize with people from other countries. 0.589

It is easy for me to put myself in someone else’s shoes regardless of what country

they are from. 0.631

I would like to join groups that emphasize getting to know people from different

countries. 0.675

I am interested in learning about the many cultures that have existed in this world. 0.776

Those countries that are well off should help people in countries who are less

fortunate. 0.64

Basic services such as health care, clean water, food, and legal assistance should be

available to everyone, regardless of what country they live in. 0.68

People have a responsibility to conserve natural resources to foster a sustainable

environment. 0.708

Natural resources should be used primarily to provide for basic needs rather than

material wealth. 0.739

If I had the opportunity, I would help others who are in need regardless of their

nationality, ethnic and religious background. 0.766

If I could, I would dedicate my life to helping others no matter what country they are

from. 0.812

Being actively involved in global issues is my responsibility. 0.558

It is my responsibility to understand and respect cultural differences across the globe

to the best of my abilities. 0.577

I feel close to Qatar 0.783

I am proud to be Qatari 0.581

Being Qatari is an important part of my identity 0.705

The national anthem and Qatari flag give me a sense of meaning and belonging 0.737

I celebrate national holidays such as Qatar national day 0.56

I am willing to fight for my country 0.818

The national anthem and Qatari flag give me a sense of meaning and belonging 0.703

I celebrate national holidays such as Qatar national day 0.724

I am willing to fight for my country 0.805

In competition with other nations, Qatar comes off best 0.712

National heritage should be preserved for future generations 0.52

In general, I’m glad to be a member of the nation I belong to 0.677

 I am more comfortable in speaking and writing in English than in Arabic 0.421

Being proficient in Arabic is an important part of being a Qatari citizen 0.722

The local Qatari dialect is part of the national identity 0.408

I identify more with international cultures than Qatari culture 0.444

I do not feel comfortable wearing the national attire 0.783

I prefer international music than Qatari music 0.79

I enjoy international TV/Radio shows than Qatari TV/radio shows 0.633

I attend cultural events in Qatar 0.566

I prefer to eat international cuisines than Qatari cuisine 0.771

I make sure to attend cultural events at Katara 0.661

Tradition is important to me; to follow the customs handed down by my family 0.564

One sample T test

In order to test whether there is a significant difference in the mean value of Global citizenship
scale, one sample t test was applied by using SPSS.

One-Sample Test

Test Value = 3

t df Sig. (2- Mean 95% Confidence Interval

tailed) Difference of the Difference
 Lower Upper

Global Citizenship
15.491 99 .000 .77864 .6789 .8784
Scale

The t value corresponding to the mean difference of Global citizenship scale and a fixed mean
value of 3 was 15.491 and its corresponding p value is 0.000<0.05. Since the p value is less than
0.05, we can conclude that there was significant difference in mean value of Global Citizenship
Scale.

In order to test whether there is a significant difference in the mean value of Qatar national
identity scale, one sample t test was applied by using SPSS.

One-Sample Test

Test Value = 3

t df Sig. (2- Mean 95% Confidence Interval

tailed) Difference of the Difference

Lower Upper

Qatar National
20.925 99 .000 .80696 .7304 .8835
Identity Scale

The t value corresponding to the mean difference of Qatar National Identity Scale and a fixed
mean value of 3 was 20.925 and its corresponding p value is 0.000<0.05. Since the p value is less
than 0.05, we can conclude that there was significant difference in mean value of Qatar National
Identity scale.