IB HL Chemistry

Topic : Periodicity

Exercise on Periodicity (Core & AHL)

Name :

1.

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Date

Phosphorus is found in period 3 and group 5 of the periodic table.

(a)
Distinguish between the terms period and group.
[1]
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(b)

State the electron arrangement of phosphorus and explain why it is

found in period 3 and group 5 of the periodic table.
[3]
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2.

Table 8 of the Data Booklet gives the atomic and ionic radii of elements.
State and explain the difference between
(a)
the atomic radius of nitrogen and oxygen.
[2]
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(b)

the atomic radius of nitrogen and phosphorus.

[1]
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(c)

the atomic and ionic radius of nitrogen.

[2]
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3.

For the elements of period 3 (Na to Ar), state and explain

(a)
the general trend in ionization energy
[2]
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IB HL Chemistry
Topic : Periodicity

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(b)

any exceptions to the general trend.

[4]
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4.

Explain the following features of the melting points of the period 3

elements. Refer to bonding and structure, and use information from Table
6 in the Data Booklet.
(a)
The difference between the values for sodium and magnesium
[3]
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(b)

The high value for silicon

[2]

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(c)

The difference between the values for chlorine and argon

[2]
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5.

(a)

Write a chemical equation that shows which is more reactive:

[2]
(i)
Na or K
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IB HL Chemistry
Topic : Periodicity

(ii)

Cl2 of F2
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(b)

Give a reagent which could be used to distinguish between separate

solutions of potassium chloride and potassium iodide. State what
would be observed when this reagent is added to each of the
separate solutions of potassium chloride and potassium iodide.
Write an equation for one of the reactions.
[3]
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6.

Consider the 3rd period elements.

(a)write the formula of their common oxides

[1]

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(b)Write a chemical equation (or equations) to show if sodium oxide is
acidic, basic, or amphoteric
[1]
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(c)

Write a chemical equation (or equations) to show that sulfur dioxide

is acidic, basic, or amphoteric
[1]
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(d)

Write a chemical equation (or equations) to show that aluminum

oxide is acidic, basic, or amphoteric
[2]
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7.

(a)

Describe three similarities and one difference in the reactions of

lithium and potassium with water.
[4]
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IB HL Chemistry
Topic : Periodicity

(b)

Give an equation for one of these reactions. Suggest a pH value for

the resulting solution, and give a reason for your answer.
[3]
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8.

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Elements with atomic number 21 to 30 are d-block elements.
(a)
Identify which of these elements are not considered to be typical
transition elements.
[1]
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(b)

Complex ions consist of a central metal ion surrounded by ligands.

Define the term ligand.
[2]
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(c)

Complete the table below to show the oxidation state of the

transition element.

ion
oxidation state
(d)

Cr2O72-

[CuCl4] 2-

[Fe(H2O)6] 3+

Identify two transition elements used as catalysts in industrial

processes, stating the process in each case.
[2]
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(e)

Apart from the formation of complex ions and apart from their use
as catalysts, state two other properties of transition elements.
[2]
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9.

By reference to the structure and bonding in the compounds NaCl and

SiCl4
(a)
state and explain the differences in conductivity in the liquid state.
[3]
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IB HL Chemistry
Topic : Periodicity

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(b)

predict an approximate pH value for a solution formed by adding

each compound separately to water.
[4]
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10.

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Two characteristics of the d-block (transition) elements are that they
exhibit variable oxidation states and form coloured compounds.
(a)
State two possible oxidation states for iron and explain these in
terms of electron arrangements.
[2]
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(b)

Explain why many compounds of d-block (transition) elements are

coloured.
[3]
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(c)

Explain why compounds of s-block elements are usually white.

[2]
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11.

(a)

Ionisation enthalpy changes for vanadium and calcium are given in

the table below.

Calcium

Ionisation enthalpy changes/kJ mol1

1st
2nd
3rd
4th
5th
590
1145
4912
6474
8144

vanadiu

650

1414

2828

4507

6294

6th
10
496
12

IB HL Chemistry
Topic : Periodicity

362

(i)
Write the chemical equation for the third ionisation of
vanadium.
[2]
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(ii)

Explain, using the ionisation enthalpy data in the table, why

vanadium can form high oxidation states in its compounds
whereas calcium does not form oxidation states greater than
+2 in its compounds.
[2]
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(b)

Explain why V3+ can act as both an oxidizing agent and a reducing
agent while Sc3+ is neither.
[3]
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12.

(a)

Compare the structure and bonding in AlCl3 and Al2O3.

[2]
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(b)

Describe the acid-base behaviour of AlCl3, Na2O and P4O10. Include

suitable equations in your answer.
[4]
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(c)
state. [3]

Explain whether AlCl3 and Al2O3 will conduct in the solid or molten
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IB HL Chemistry
Topic : Periodicity

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13.

(a)

Both zinc and nickel are d-block elements, but only nickel is a
transition element. Explain the difference between these 2 terms.
[2]
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(b)

State three factors which cause the colour change in reactions of

transition metal complexes.
[3]
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