Introduction to UMTS

Reference (1/2)
[1] Wireless and Mobile Network ArchitecturesA Y-Bing Lin and Imrich ChlamtacA Wiley Computer PublishingC [2] The Most Materials of this talk is summarized by the UMTS System Overview course held by the Informa Telecoms LtdC [3] GSM, cdmaOne and 3G SystemsA Raymond Steele, Chin-Chun Lee and Peter GoludA John Wiley & Sons, LTD.
2

Reference (2/2)
[4] WCDMA for UMTS, Radio Access For Third Generation Mobile CommunicationsA Harri Holma and Antti ToskalaA John Wiley & Sons, LTD.

Outlines
Introduction System Architecture WCDMA in UMTS UTRA UMTS User Plane vs. Control Plane Mobility Management Summary

Introduction

Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS)

3GPP (the 3rd Generation Partner ship Project) 3rd Generation System

RACE I RACE II ACTS/FRAMES ATDMA FMA1: WTDMA Basic studies CODIT FMA2:WCDMA

ETSI Decision: ETSI Concept WCDMA for FDD groups operation

Release-6 Release-5

1988

1992

1995

1997

1998 1999
3GPP Release-99 Release-4

HUwb 1988 ~ , i i}s

3G Ws{

: 3G

RACE I (Research of Advanced Communication Technologies in Europe) program, .

1992-1995 ~i RACE II P CDMA-based CODIT (Code Division Tested) M TDMA-based ATDMA (Advanced TDMA Mobile Access) air interface proposal i . 1995 ~ , is ACTS(Advanced Communication Technologies and Services) -pe . b ACTS U , ]F FRAMES (Future Radio Wideband Multiple Access System) project, X RAS (radio access system) proposal. ]A Nokia, Siemens, Ericsson, France Telecom, CSEM/Pro Telecom Pwj P . U ETSI, , FRAMES N- proposals: Wideband TDMA (FMA1) P Wideband CDMA (FMA2) e UMTS Air Interface H . ETSI, UMTS proposals k-j proposals i , UMTS TURA (Terrestrial Radio Access) : WCDMA, WTDMA,

1996-1997 ~ , UN proposals candidates. b 1997 ~ 7 , ETSI No TDMA/CDMA, OFDMA, ODMA. @ ITU-R IMT 2000 W , ETSI U

1998 ~ 1 , ETSI Mw WCDMA UTRS (UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access) air interface. licensed paired bands, FDD. @lLk spectrum TDD N . , ETSI [J 3GPP 3GPP, -NTNtq . ]X UMTS specification u@ , K Universal Mobile Telecommunication , UTRA. .

1999 ~X , 3GPP 3GPP. q ETSI System (UMTS). 1999 ~X 3GPPX@- 2000 ~}l-PON Release 4 wh- Media AN-

specification: Release-99. jLuq- WCDMA TDD P IS-41 X MSC , cdma200 [

GSM core network W

Circuit Switched domain, QF Softswitch N Signal P MSC Server -td SignalB Media Gateway -td MediaC Packet Switched Domain W IP @YBjqsC real-time multi-media

Release 5 wAO-nb AAGN GPRS [H-AoLu Release 6 X Wireless LAN P GSM.

3GPP
Project Coordination Group (PCG) 4 Technical Specification Groups (TSGs):
Radio Access Network (RAN) TSG Core Network TSG Service and System Aspects TSG Terminals TSG

3GPP ]A - ARIB (Japan), CWTS (China), ETSI (Europe), TI (USA), TTA (Korea) and TTC (Japan), N GSM Association, UMTS Forum, IPv6 Forum, UWCC. 3GPP B-@ specification whO project coordination group (PCG) 3GPP U 4 - TSG -td : . M . 1999 ~ 3GPP

Radio Access Network (RAN) TSG: wP radio \ X Release-99, UTRA air interface specification. U-[J , Release-99 UMTS spec. Core Network TSG P All IP network Service and System Aspects TSG: w Terminals TSG: wW C@- TSG U- . spec. working group, -tdP 3G service.

CS vs. PS Domains
The Core Network (CN)
Circuit-switched (CS) service domain (i.e., PSTN/ISDN) Packet-switched (PS) service domain ( i.e., IP).

In the CS domain, an Mobile Station (MS) is identified by IMSI and TMSI. In the PS domain, an MS is identified by IMSI and P-TMSI.
8

Core Network (CN) ]tA - qA PSTN/ISDN). A IP). b CS domain b PS domain , , h circuit-switched (CS) service domain (i.e., packet-switched (PS) service domain (i.e., Internet, IMSI P TMSI O IMSI P P-TMSI O MS. MS.

GSM and UMTS Terminologies

GSM Mobile Station (MS) Base Station Transceiver (BST) Base Station Controller (BSC) Base Station Subsystem (BSS) Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) UMTS User Equipment (UE) Node B Radio Network Controller (RNC) Radio Network Subsystem (RNS) Universal Subscriber Identity Module (USIM)
9

oO@i @ .

GSM P UMTS MNy

. b\WO@

System Architecture

10

UMTS System Architecture

Uu
Iub USIM Cu ME Node B RNC Node B Iur Node B RNC UE Node B UTRAN (UMTS Terrestrial RAN)
Iu-PS Iu-PS Iu-CS Iu-CS

Iu

3G
MSC/VLR D Gs Gr

GMSC
D

PLMN, PSTN, ISDN,...

HLR
Gc Gi

3G SGSN Gn GGSN

Internet External Networks

Core Network

System Architecture of 3GPP Release 99

11

oO i

Release 99 3 - :

UMTS t

. iX

UMTS [cH\ Yradio \ ,

UTRAN (UMTS Terrestrial RAN): wP WCDMA, FDD/TDD Core network: P~ Pe . User Equipment: (

interworking), -tdqP .

air interface P user q-

WO Release 99 UMTS tCo-[cP GPRS A tOOb Release 99 A radio network M core network F@-M jC Radio network -tdBzM radio u@AHN- GPRS SGSN B z radio u@A RNC BzCp handoff P radio resource management (RMM) RNC -td , HiH RNC sbs , o O RNC BSC XC]hX RNC Iur AD - -n-td soft handoff u@C VLR b CS domain P MSC Xb_ @ , b PS domain, P SGSN X .

User Equipment (UE)

UE consists of two parts:
Mobile Equipment (ME) UMTS Subscriber Identity Module (USIM)

Three operation modes :

PS/CS mode UE is equivalent to GPRS Class A MS. PS mode UE is equivalent to GPRS Class C MS. CS mode UE can only attach to the CS domain.

12

User Equipment (UE; MS NP Node B s . ]A-

3G y

), zL

Uu radio interface H WCDMA . ,

Mobile Equipment (ME) : O-td

Uu -Luq

UMTS Subscriber Identity Module (USIM): smart card, { xs{P[KKXPLT . UMTS UE wqFT@ PS/CS mode UE: PS connection.) PS mode UE: CS mode UE: usW UMTS GPRS wq CS PS connection @ : GPRS GPRS Class A MS. (MS P \

CS

Class C MS. (u

PS connection)

CS domain. Class B MS (ibq Y ).

UTRAN
RNS (Radio Network Sub-system)
Consists of one RNC and several Node Bs

Node B
Converts data flow between Iub and Uu interfaces

Radio Network Controller (RNC)

Own and control the radio resources of Node Bs connected to it Iub Node B Provide service to CN
RNC Node B

RNS

13

UTRAN \h C- RNS h]A@-

RNS (Radio Network Sub-system) ol RNC Ps- Iub interface s Node B. . SGSN s , zL

RNC P Node B

C@- RNC zL IuPS interface P@- interface P@- MSC s .

IuCS

Node B, Y Base station, -td Uu P Iub L1 , u@]A channel coding P interleaving, rate adaptation, spreading . BTS, P O Node B ]|Bz radio resource management, p inner loop power control. RNC Bd access point A RNC ~ (i.e., a@ Node B Luq , service Core Network. RRC (Radio Resource Control) w ). message P procedure. RRC -td , |eWh (MM, (measurement, . Note: GPRS/GSM .

Note: RRC wq UE P UTRAN e L1 L2 entities CM, SM) T , P UE mobility handover, cell update). @- RNC iP- BSCs s RNCs zL .

Iur interface s ATM [cW

IuCS, IuPS, Iub, Iur interface {

Characteristics of UTRAN
Support of UTRA and all the related functionality Maximization of the commonalities in the handling of PS and CS data Maximization of the commonalities with GSM Use of the ATM transport as the main transport mechanism in UTRAN

14

UTRAN S

(]NOb]-p

UTRAN [cD-nq soft handover , j@q Iu s

): WCDMA , P

radio interface \ , SOO Radio Resource Management algorithms. iBz PS P CS domains air interface protocol stack (Uu) s iP ATM GSM jq @ UTRAN D-n bearer. UE, P

CN.

Logic Role of the RNC

Iub

Iu

Controlling RNC (CRNC) Serving RNC (SRNC) Drift RNC (DRNC)

Iu
Iub Node B SRNC Node B UE Node B Iur UE DRNC Node B

Node B SRNC UE Node B

(a)
Iu
Iub

Node B SRNC Node B Iur Node B DRNC Node B

(c)
15

(b)

Soft handover

RNC TP CRNC: -td _ss RNC bt@-

, CRNC, SRNC, DRNC. Node B , CRNC. UE RNC P cells load and congestion control. -nP , -td admission control P code allocation. handover, y-nh- :

@- UE P UTRAN su , i] Luq , RNC KU-

SRNC: b UE P UTRAN su , P CN s , -tdM CN P Bz RANAP RNC, SRNC. SRNC ]O RRC signaling @ . SRNC -n-tdP air interface L2 Bz , Radio Access Bearer P air interface transport channel , handover decision, outer loop power control. Note: RNC P CN s RANAP connection. DRCN: UE , P UE Luq RNC, F SRNC ~ , DRNC. DRNC -td data routing, macro-diversity combining and splitting. DRNC Bz L2 h , UE W transport channel , -tdb Iub, Iur e . C- UE |@- SRNC, | 0 h- DRNC. O inter-RNC soft handover N , (a) O@}l UE uP@- SRNC sp . (b) UE soft handover P- RNC , Ob- SRNC combine @ , s[J DRNC. (c) O UE A U , uP@- Node B sp .

Core Network
HLR (Home Location Register) MSC/VLR (Mobile Services Switching Center/ Visitor Location Register) GMSC (Gateway MSC) SGSN (Serving GPRS Support Node) GGSN (Gateway GPRS Support Node)

16

Core Network ]AU-o CbW- : HLR MSC/VLR GMSC SGSN GGSN q GPRS ti

, @

Intelligent network \

circuit-switched (CS) A UMTS PLMN q CS domain s~ MSC/VLR, GMSC,

. . . . ).

circuit-switched (PS) domain A PS domain A (SOO . SGSN P MSC -n@-

UMTS, core network

SGSN P MS -

MM P PDP Context {

core network `Ip HLR (SOO HLR packet domain subscription date), VLR GGSN ( SOO , PDP contexts) WO@ .

Main Open Interface

Cu: USIM ME Uu: UE Node B Iub: Node B RNC Iur: RNC RNC Iu: UTRAN CS

17

UMTS wqFUo Cu: USIM ME Uu: UE Node B Iub: Node B RNC Iur: RNC RNC Iu: UTRAN CS

interface.

= Codes with different spreading, giving 8-384 kbps

Wideband CDMA, Code Division Multiple Access

Power Frequency
4.4 5.0 MHz 10 msec frame

Variable bit rate user High bit rate user

18

Time

bo- , -N-zGNt air interface Wt . GNtD-nOy-A |OsA WCDMA S 2G/3G t . ]-NTNtD . -| .

, GSM P IS-95, PTNtb , TNtFSwD , A power control P softer/soft handover, A , . frame length, , ~

W-Nb- WCDMA S bandwidth, variable bit rate, code P power

Requirements of 3G Systems (1/2)

Bit rate up to 2 Mbps Variable bit rate to offer bandwidth on demand Multiplexing of services with different quality requirements on a single connection Delay requirements from delay-sensitive realtime traffic to flexible best-effort packet data Quality requirements from 10% frame error to 10-6 bit error rate
19

Requirements of 3G Systems (2/2)

Coexistence of 2G and 3G systems and intersystem handovers for coverage enhancements and load balancing Support of asymmetric uplink and downlink traffic High spectrum efficiency Coexistence of FDD and TDD modes

20

Main WCDMA Parameters

Multiple access method Duplex method Chip rate Frame length Base station frequency Service multiplexing DS-CDMA (Direct-Sequence - CDMA) FDD / TDD 3.84 Mcps 10 msec Asynchronous operation Multiple services with different quality of service requirements multiplexed on one connection Variable spreading factor and multi-code Coherent using pilot symbols or common pilot Supported by the standard, optional in21 the implementation

Multi-rate concept Detection Multi-user detection, smart antennas

HUO

WCDMA nSx - @

WCDMA wideband Direct-Sequence Code Division Multiple Access. , -W CDMA spreading code quasi-random bits ( chips, 3.84Mchips per second), b 5 MHz WeWi} . pG DS-CDMA tWeb 1 MHz k 1.25 MHz, q`| narrowband CDMA t . eWNjq U- WCDMA frame, boq KiHD ttLuq WCDMA kWDW . Bandwidth on Demand (BoD) , tvOTw data rate. |F . . C 10 msec @- . U@- throughput, B frame, carriers interference, i}We|b , IS-95

, W[ multipath diversity. 4.4 MHz - 5 MHz

FDD (uplink/downlink U 5 MHz) P TDD ( ) . IS-95 GPS

IMT2000 L , ax .

WCDMA , U-ax -nPB . HL-Max|e

WCDMA Q pilot symbol common pilot, s (coherent detection) uplink P downlink T . IS-95 u downlink, WCDMA iHW i uplink capacity P coverage. b , iHi multiuser detection, W[ CDMA [ capacity P coverage. , p smart antenna,

Spreading and Despreading

22

BPSK, bit sequence rate R. bit -W@- spreading code (i.e., sequence of 8 chip rate =8R. - spreading factor = 8. , despreading, NTP data. summation, @_eXh .

b spreading L{ , C@- bits, ( chips)). hG receiver U spreading code BS , C@

, BJi equivalence, Ni- user

Principle of the CDMA Correlation Receiver

23

oi p q

MS oT power. u 1 or 1.

, v BS v

, P code despreading, h|o signal, |b depreading o data bit , o 8, A-W 1/8, No despreading, @- , qNq BS v 8-s 1.

WbOT 1, oK-

code despreading, @- 1 [_ , qNq 0

WbOt@- MS T code , o 1,-1,-1,-1,-1,1,1,1,1, oK-q[_ o 0, A-W 1/8, Noq 0, }

data bit 0 WWUU , , SvT .

Multipath Propagation

Rake fingers Rake receiver Strong coding, interleaving, 24 retransmission

gDvT (reflection), ]\]|

, LuqigPS]^ light of sight. N|U-

effects: , time . b WCDMA C- 78m HW , , J , slow fading. (ex: GSM , H fast

1. oeXH , Jg^C@|u@ delay ]P , FPqP chip 0.26 s (for 3.84Mcps), un path t delay KWL 0.26us, IS-95 -n 300m Y- . ]b |CC , HT\v|-w 2. Y Fast fading, signal cancellation. -Y , qSth , K-n . ] 900 MHz, i 0.33m) Z , HjKot fading. : delay position, h- . fast power control

path Z-ntb-i , Cb-i

WCDMA F

1. boS receivers) NqX_ 2. 3. Rake receiver

Rake fingers (correlation

strong coding and interleaving and retransmission protocol, HW[ redundancy time diversity.

Maximal Ratio Combining

Transmitted symbol
Received signal at each time delay Finger #1 Finger #2 Finger #3
25

Combined symbol
Modified with the channel estimate

oi Rake receiver ]A phase P amplitude). WCDMA w phase rotator. A[b@_ oL{

3 -

Rake finger lPH , -LH . ,

pilot symbols , H-lH

maximal ratio combining (MRC).

CDMA Rake Receiver

Input signal from RF
I Correlator Code generators Q Channel estimator Phase rotator Delay Equalizer I

I Q

Finger 1 Finger 2 Finger 3

Combiner

Timing (Finger allocation)

Matched filter

26

oO@- Q

CDMA Rake receiver phase rotator N delay .

block diagram. despreading and integration . channel multipath delay profile. .

Code generator P Correlator Combiner NP Matched filter Mweo- finger T[b@_

Close-loop Power Control

P1

P2 BS UE2
27

UE1

b WCDMA Yt power control, -YS |- cell Lk@

power control O-n uplink power control, @oejO (block).

. SOO

uplink , N

UE1 P UE2 PWv , uQP spreading code O - . -Y UE1 b cell t path loss Wo - , UE2 a BS. P UE2 S power control, P power e , UE1 TK|Q UE2 T\L . near-far problem of CDMA. nMoD - BS TO@j .

UE1

Open-loop power control (uV ), OQ-p downlink beacon signal - , oj path loss, MMw -Y oe\vT . -]O] WCDMA uplink P downlink WD , H uplink/downlink fast fading AO . ] open-loop power control u UE }l-nPts power setting. Fast closed-loop power control ~MD . uplink, BS g (1.5kHz) -n-p Signal-to-Interference Ratio (SIR), P target SIR . -YO measured SIR > target SIR, BS RO UE -C power; -YO measured SIR < target SIR, BS RO UE power. oWvY - path loss fast Reyleigh fading oWc , ~oHMD . ` Note: power W|zZ{ closed-loop power control ] UE PD BS zZ , ]] H . P cell. downlink. b downlink, b cell t Rayleigh fading BS WjLz u

Outer Loop Power Control

Frame reliability information SIR target adjustment commands UE1 SIR target

RNC

Node B

Time UE stands still

28

]w UO (FER), O Ot PS

target SIR setpoint. radio link connection, iH]w uplink frame error rate bit error rate (BER) A~ , BS ]w target SIR setpoint , -nDW[ power. O target SIR O@-w- , -] , JP multipath profile R , |su . H-H]w target SIR setpoint (power), Ht , u-nHXCqT~ (FER) Yi . , target SIR iH]p , S FER (ex:

pW , <1%).

Outer loop power control q`Ob RNC . BS N frame CRC check frame reliability indicator, e RNC P_~O_U- . pGU - , RNC q BS W[ target SIR setpoint. Mwv|b RNC - ] , ObpGb handoff, -p CRC check, b soft handover combining .

Softer Handovers
The same signal is sent from both sectors to UE1. Sector 1

UE1 Sector 2 RNC Node B

29

bP@- N|

BS - softer handover.

sectors -|

(P

frequency),

|PtzL- air interface qT , FiHOo- PT , P spreading code, A ratio combining) Rake processing Xb@_ . Uplink ]OOP air path, e (maximal ratio combining) b@_ . b j softer handover , u@- path | 5-15% O softer handover. BS

(maximal

baseband Rake receiver X power control.

-ni soft/softer handover -]P-n closed-loop power control -] , -Y soft/softer handover, N| near-far scenarios, |]e j power (v BS power control), zZ{ cells (S power control). ] soft/softer handover O WCDMA znu - Z .

Soft Handovers
The same signal is sent from both BSs to UE1 except for the power control commands.

1st Node B

UE1

RNC

2nd Node B
30

b- handover.

BS -|

(P

frequency), N|

soft

|PtzL- air interface qT , FiHOo- PT , P spreading code, A (maximal ratio combining) Rake processing Xb@_ . M softer handover XG@ . Uplink , soft M softer handover th . - uplink signal |Oe RNC ~X . RNC |Q frame reliability indicator ( outer power control) X n frame. o-L{ 10-80ms (]-n interleaving). - j F-n path | power control. soft handover, tbW b Node B -nB~ b RNC P Node B -nB~ b UE -nB~ UTRA FDD |q Rake finger. CPICH (common pilot channel) q despreading, , qUCB~ transmission links : 20-40% O softer handover. Rake receiver channels.

Received Signal Code Power (RSCP): N CPICH @ signal code Tj Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI): NeWT - j UTRS FDD Ec/No: RSCP/RSSI P_O_ spec ] operator iH power control |q

handover SIR

. ~ handover

Handovers in WCDMA
Softer handover Soft handover Inter-frequency hard handover Inter-system hard handover

31

-ni soft/softer handover -]P-n closed-loop power control -] , -Y soft/softer handover, N| near-far scenarios, |]e j power (v BS power control), zZ{ cells (S power control). ] soft/softer handover O WCDMA znu - Z . F soft/softer handover ~ , WCDMA tU ~ handovers: BSs. Inter-frequency hard handover - BS PWD . q`O]-n W[t capacity, ~|bP@[c\hP frequency Hard handoff NpP soft handoff -n timing measurement. Inter-system hard handover V WCDMA FDD tP GSM, Ltp Multi-carrier CDMA .

WCDMA TDD,

WCDMA vs. GSM Air Interface

WCDMA
Carrier spacing Frequency reuse factor Power control frequency Quality control Frequency diversity Packet data Downlink transmit diversity 5 MHz 1 1500 Hz Radio resource management algorithms 5 MHz bandwidth gives multipath diversity with Rake receiver Load-based packet scheduling Supported for improving downlink capacity

GSM
200 kHz 1-18 2 Hz or lower Network planning (frequency planning) Frequency hopping

Time slot based scheduling with GPRS No supported by 32 standard

- GSM t]A core network P service WCDMA air interface, KiHsA . GSM t

, o

platform [W

WCDMA v. IS-95 Air Interface

WCDMA
Carrier spacing Chip rate Power control frequency Base station frequency Inter-frequency handovers
Efficient radio resource management algorithm

IS-95
1.25 MHz 1.2288 Mcps Uplink: 800 Hz, downlink: slow power control Yes, typically obtained via GPS Possible, but measurement method not specified Not needed for speech only network Packet data transmitted as short circuit switched calls No supported by standard 33

5 MHz 3.84 Mcps 1500 Hz, both uplink and downlink Not needed Yes, measurements with slotted mode Yes, provides required quality of service Load-based packet scheduling Supported for improving downlink capacity

Packet data Downlink transmit diversity

Universal Terrestrial Radio interface (UTRA)

34

-b

ETSI

, UTRA NO

UMTS Terrestrial Radio.

Duplex Modes
UTRA FDD (Frequency Division Duplex) Mode
Paired separate frequency bands Duplex separation is 190 MHz For low data rate, wide cell area

UTRA TDD (Time Division Duplex) Mode

Uplink and downlink in the same frequency band Guard period is needed. For higher data rate, small cell area
35

WCDMA kWDW

FDD (uplink/downlink U 5 MHz) P TDD ( ) . UOH FDD D .

IMT2000 L

FDD (Frequency Division Duplex): A DUPLEX SEPERATION of 190 MHz is used to avoid interference between the two signals. FDD is better suited to covering wide areas with lower transmission rate. TDD (Time Division Duplex): To avoid overlap between uplink and downlink from propagation delays, a GUARD PERIOD is allocated. TDD is suitable for small cell areas where higher data rates can be provided.

General Protocol Model for UTRAN Terrestrial Interfaces

Radio Network Layer Transport Network Layer
Control Plane Application Protocol
Transport Network Control Plane Transport Network Control Plane

User Plane Data Stream(s)

Transport Network User Plane

Data

ALCAP(s) Signaling Bearer (s) Signaling Bearer (s) Physical Layer Data Bearer (s) Transpor channel Physical channel 36

]-p UTRAN terrestrial interfaces wc w . model -hbC@- plane, C@- independent. ]t-D-n Layer. u u-nO@qT

, |Wo-@ layer -n

layers: Radio Network Layer P Transport Network Radio Network Layer P UTRAN , Transport Network Layer , L] UTRAN .

qt@- , h]A Control plane, User Plane, Transport Network Control Plane, Transport Network User Plane. Control Plane e UMTS SwH RANAP, Iur RASAP, Iub NBAP. Uh . , bwW]A Signaling bearer e Iu AP

Physical Layer
To support variable bit rate transport channels to offer bandwidth-on-demand service To multiplex several service to one connection

37

b UTRA channel A

, Wh|Uh Physical layer, P

transport channel e . Transport physical channel e . transport channel, H

Physical layer u@bU bandwidth-on-demand A (connection) .

bit rate . ANo\hPAJP@-s

Transmitter

Transport Channels vs. Physical Channels

Receiver
Transport Ch. 2 Transport Block TFI Transport Block TFI Transport Ch. 1 Transport Block Transport Block TFI Transport Ch.2 Transport Block Transport Block

Transport Ch. 1
Transport Format Indicator

Transport Block Transport Block

TFI

Transport Format Combination Indicator

TFCI

Coding & Multiplexing

TFCI Decoding & Demultiplexing

Physical Control Channel

Physical Data Channel

Physical Control Channel

Physical Data 38 Channel

C@-Wh Transport channel |@- TFI (Transport Format Indicator) a . o TFI e physical layer |X TFCI (Transport Format Combination Indicator), zL physical control channel eX . C@- Transport channel physical data channel eX . b Receiver , hHV transport channel. , hgL coding P multiplexing, zL

Decoding P demultiplexing, eU-

Transport Channel
Dedicated transport channel
Dedicated channel (DCH)
Service data (e.g., speech frame) and higher layer control frame (e.g., handover commands and measurement reports)

Common transport channel

6 types Difference between 2G and 3G
Transmission of packet data Downlink shared channel for transmitting packet data Fast power control

39

Transport channel j transport channels.

: Dedicated transport channels P common user , Sw code.

Dedicated transport channels OOd@Sw

Uu@ dedicate channel (DCH), iHBe data p speech frame, H higher layer control information p handover commands, measurement report. b WCDMA , C@- frame iHP data rate, H-n GSM traffic channel (TCH), Associated control channel (ACCH). Common transport channels O users @ , @ type. packet data, M GSM th , tbb common channel W|e b downlink shared channel W]|e packet data. Common channel -td handover, e

fast power control.

Common transport channel

Broadcast Channel (BCH) (downlink) Paging Channel (PCH) (downlink) Random Access Channel (RACH) (uplink) Uplink Common Packet Channel (CPCH) (uplink) Forward Access Channel (FACH) (downlink) Downlink Shared Channel (DSCH) (downlink)
40

Broadcast Channel (BCH): eP cell UTRAN T slots, transmit diversity method . F , low-end iH paging procedure T . . Vh , b paging |q standby . page, D BCH, BCH , pG-nq@q Paging Channel (PCH): eP area U cells -n page PCH ]-p|vTqq HdO_q

, p

cell io

random access codes, access

low and fixed data rate, high power. speech call, , boe paging T , W location receiver

Random Access Channel (RACH): b^ . RACH ]-nO low data rate, TOiHT Uplink Common Packet Channel (CPCH): based user data hzL FACH e ).

connection, initial system access,

RACH

, eW

packet-based user data (U

packet,

CPCH M RACH PaO UPCH fast power control, physical layer CPCH status monitoring procedure. RACH q`u 1-2 frames, UPCH ih- RACH e , axN-nzL power control, TO-no . control information.

collision detection frames. inband

Forward Access Channel (FACH): W identification information . -n@- , hiL

FACH eTp . pGL-n

FACH -n low bit rate, high bit rate FACH e DSCH

Downlink Shared Channel (DSCH): eSw DSCH M FACH PaO HT , -Y-nB@ option.

user data

fast power control, variable bit rate. DSCH u-nSwi RACH, FACH P PCH @w-n , DSCH P CPCH O

, Common transport channels

Transport-channel to Physicalchannel Mapping

Transport Channels
BCH FACH PCH RACH DCH DSCH CPCH

Physical Channels
Primary Common Control Physical Channel (PCCPCH) Secondary Common Control Physical Channel (SCCPCH) Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) Dedicated Physical Data Channel (DPDCH) Dedicated Physical Control Channel (DPCCH) Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) Physical Common Packet Channel (PCPCH) Synchronization Channel (SCH) Common Pilot Channel (CPICH) Acquisition Indication Channel (AICH) Paging Indication Channel (PICH) CPCH Status Indication Channel (CSICH) Collision Detection/Channel Assignment Indicator Channel (CD/CA-ICH)
41

oiv . iHo{j e .

transport channel P physical layer physical channels transport channel Sw physical channel

SCH, CPICH, AICH wn @ CSICH, CD/CA-ICH O CPCH , ~ . DCH - physical channels, Oe physical layer control information P data. DPCCH O fixed rate, DPDCH O variable rate. b physical layer, C- radio frame random access procedure, F-nT system frame. 10 msec. M , j paging procedure 10 msec

Spreading and Scrambling

Spreading Usage
Uplink: Separation of DPDCH and DPCCH from the same terminal Downlink: Separation of downlink connections to different users within one cell channelization code

Scrambling
Uplink: Separation of terminal Downlink: Separation of sectors (cells)

scrambling code

Data
Bit rate Chip rate

To transmit
Chip rate
42

F-n spreading, ]-n channelization code) , A Scrambling code O-nO Downlink: OP@- Uplink: OP@-

scrambling. e spreading ( scrambling ( scrambling code) . downlink ax users s DPDCH M DPCCH. .

uplink U-PO cells P

Spreading/Channelization code @b

Scrambling Codes
The scrambling codes differentiate signals from different sources. Generated by using Pseudo-Random number sequences known as a PN sequence. A sequence of binary numbers which appears to be random. Since UTRA uses different scrambling codes to separate users from cells, it is not necessary to be synchronous between BSs.

43

Scrambling code O-nO HYhFP Scrambling code |

uplink U-PO spreading code, ]

downlink ax scrambling X

. .

random

Pseudo-Random sequence, NO@D` binary number.

scrambling OP , IS-95 S Spreading code O : chip rate 512 downlink codes cell P user, HU scrambling code, U BS users. BS

WCDMA NA-nPB . synchronization,

Scrambling code UoSx

Length: 10ms frame 38400 chips (H 38400/10^-2 = 3.84 MHz) Number of code: U Code family: 10 ms Scrambling | spreading \ . uplink code, u Gold code

signal bandwidth, chip rate. ]NOS

Channelization Codes
Transmissions from a single source are separated by chanelization codes. The Spreading Factor (SF) can be changed (e.g., for variable bit-rate services) The generations of channelisation codes are based on the OVSF codes.
OVSF (Orthogonal Variable Spreading Factor)

Spreading factor defines the number of channelization codes per scrambling code
44

Channelization code @bOP@ P@WP ) s Downlink: OP@- Uplink: OP@- Spreading code Spreading factor iH spreading code. OVSF codes SNOoP orthogonal. U- Node B chip rate MO Downlink cells P

(pP@ . users s DPDCH M DPCCH.

BS P .

users,

Orthogonal Variable Spreading Factor (OVSF) N , i.e., P user biWiHP spreading factor, NOi}-v spreading code M 3.84 Mcps. orthogonal codes O : 4-512 chips (w@- 10 RNC z . .

Channelization code UoSx Length: uplink ms frame)

4-256 chips, downlink

Number of code under one scrambiling code = spreading factor Code family: channelization codes O Spreading Factor (OVSF) N . Channelization code bandwidth. spreading \ Orthogonal Variable , |W[ transmission

OVSF Code Tree

c,c c c,-c
0 0101 01 0110 Chip length SF=1 SF=4 data 0 1 code 0110 0110 SF=8 data 0 code 0110 1001 SF=2 SF=4 00 0011 0000 00000000 00001111 00110011 00111100 01010101 01011010 01100110 01101001 SF=8

45

OVSF code |@-

tree, pW

. children OO (c,c) , c=0110, -c=1010, c code (ex: 0110) Q , q . Bq branch DPCCH ( rate) P-P , , -Y SF=256 bit rate

, pG parent O code c, SF, h- P (c,-c), 2SF. c N complement. | children (c,c) =01100110, (c,-c)= 01101010. bt channelization code @- : @- code root codes (ex: 0, 01) iQ code iLH (ex: 01101001). Example: CW OVSF code) T DPDCH (SF q 4 , |]A@ (p TFCI P DPDCH 256) . 8 - period chips p

-n chip rate=3.84Mbps, HbP u , KieVh . pP -Y SF=8, hie-@ bit. SF=4, total bit rate SF=256, total bit rate

spreading code V SF=4, hie 2 bits,

3.84Mbps/4 = 960 kpbs 3.84Mbps/256 = 15 kpbs

Uplink Dedicated Channel Frame Structure

2560 chips

DPDCH

Data TPC 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

DPCCH PILOT TFCI FBI slot 0 1 2 3 4 5

10msec
46

-H C-

Uplink DPCCH, DPDCH , [3]. frame | slot | 15 - slots. C , OO slot

, [c

. L

channel ] .

666 us, P GSM 577 us

DPCCH

pilot, TFCI, FBI, TPC.

pilot channel estimation. TFCI (Transport Format Combination Indicator) T , FBI (Feedback Information) BS U closed loop transmission diversity . TPC (Transmission Power Control) hOe BS U power control commands. b DPCCH . slot N , u pilot P TPC @w , ]|

DPDCH . -YHjq-p , pG SF=4 spreading code, hC@- slot 640 bits, total bit rate 960 kpbs. pGO coding, h 480 kbps data rate.

Mobility Management

47

ou

GPRS_UMTS_MM.ppt UMTS location tracking.

Control Planes for UMTS and GPRS

GMM Relay RRC RRC RLC Lower layer protocols Un MS
GMM LLC Relay RLC RLC Lower layer protocols Um MS BSS Lower layer protocols BSSGP Lower layer protocols Gb SGSN Lower layer protocols BSSGP

GMM

RANAP RANAP SCCP Lower layer protocols RNS LuPS SCCP Lower layer protocols SGSN
GMM LLC

RLC Lower layer protocols

(a) Control plane for UMTS Mobility Management

(b) Control Plane for GPRS Mobility Management

48

UMTS P GPRS

Control Planes

GPRS , MS P SGSN iasuO LLC O . b UMTS S LLC layer, SGSN ]A-tdP radio . UMTS _ : Radio Resource Control (RRC) protocol -td MS P UTRAN ias u(]t radio resource z ), Signaling Connection Control Part (SCCP) htd - UTRAN P SGSN iasu . b SCCP Radio Access Network Application Part (RANAP) protocol, MS P CN zHe , UTRAN | BzoT . RANAP ]-td serving RNC - m relocation, radio access bearer (RAB) management . b GPRS P UMTS protocol z\ , O GPRS Mobility Management (GMM) . b UMTS GMM ] UMTS MM (UMM).

User Planes for UMTS and GPRS

Application

E.g., IP, PPP Relay PDCP RLC MAC L1

Uu

E.g., IP, PPP Relay GTP-U UDP/IP AAL5 ATM

Iu-PS

PDCP RLC MAC L1

GTP-U UDP/IP AAL5 ATM

GTP-U UDP/IP L2 L1
Gn

GTP-U UDP/IP L2 L1
Gi

(a) User plane for UMTS

MS
Application IP

UTRAN

3G-SGSN

3G-GGSN

IP
Relay

SNDCP LLC
Relay

SNDCP LLC

GTP-U

GTP-U UDP IP L2 L1 Gn

(b) User Plane for GPRS

UDP BSSGP Network Service L1bis Gb IP L2 L1

RLC MAC GSM RF

RLC MAC GSM RF Um

BSSGP Network Service L1bis

49
Gi

MS

BSS

SGSN

GGSN

Pewwq GPRS W

user plane. oi User Planes.

UMTS P

b GPRS, SubNetwork Dependent Convergence Protocol (SNDCP) b MS P SGSN LLC h , -tde NPDUs (Network Packet Data Units). Mb UMTS , b MS P UTRAN RLC hW Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP), -tde MS P UTRAN packet. UTRAN P CN h GTP-U (GTP for the user plane protocol) h-td b UDP/IP link (Iu link). MM signaling procedures , i| lost User data ] .

Mobility Management (MM) Messaging

The mobility management (MM) messages are exchanged among GPRS/UMTS nodes through various interfaces described in two aspects:
Between the MS and the SGSN Between the SGSN and Core Network Nodes (HLR, VLR, GGSN)

50

Mobility Management (MM) Messaging OgUC-b UMTS Ie ` MS P SGSN . . SGSN P Core Networks Nodes (HLR, VLR, GGSN)

GPRS P

MM Messaging between MS and SGSN

In GPRS, MM messages are delivered through the Gb and the Um interfaces.
An LLC link provides signaling connection between the MS and the SGSN in GPRS.

In UMTS, MM message transmission is performed through the Iu and Uu interfaces.

In UMTS, the signaling connection consists of an RRC connection between the MS and UTRAN, and an Iu connection ( one RANAP instance) between the UTRAN and the SGSN.
51

GPRS , MM messages Ob , LLC link F connection. UMTS , MM message eOb

Gb

Um interface e MS P SGSN P MS Iu P Uu interface i

. signaling .

UMTS signaling connection ]t@ connection H UTRAN P SGSN @ RANAP instance).

MS P UTRAN RRC Iu connection (]O@-

MM Messaging between SGSN and Other CN Nodes

In both GPRS and UMTS, GSM Mobile Application Part (MAP) is used to interface SGSN and the GSM nodes.

52

b GPRS P UMTS , GSM Mobile Application Part (MAP) Wd GSM I- ` . H UMTS SjT- . | , HLR Gr P MSC/VLR Application Protocol +). SGSNs P GGSN interface q .

SGSN P BSS

Gs (BSSAP+ protocol Gn

GPRS Tunneling Protocol (GTP) g

, - GPRS `I GTP tunnel He] . tunnel @- tunnel endpoint identifier (TEID) , @- IP address P @- UDP port number { .

Location Tracking
In UMTS, the cells in an RA are further partitioned into UTRAN RAs (URAs). The URA and the cell of an MS are tracked by the UTRAN. URA cell cell cell cell LA URA RA URA

RA URA URA RA URA URA URA

53

small cell URA: UTRAN RA RA: register area LA: location area big

Fl

MS, GPRS/UMTS A - groups. FeA MS, MS b radio link. b CS domain W , cells Q LA. b PS domain W , cells Q LA lX . SGSN il UMTS , RA UTRAN iHl

cells (BTSs/Node Bs) Q cells |-tdIs MS H MS b

location areas (LAs). VLR il routing areas (RA). @- MS b RA. UTRAN W cell. RA WO@-

cells iiB @ URA H MS b

RAs (URAs).

Areas Tracked by the Network Nodes

The areas controlled by VLR, SGSN, and UTRAN are listed below:
MSC/VLR GSM Cell URA RA LA no yes GPRS no no yes UMTS no no no yes SGSN GPRS yes yes no UMTS no no yes no UTRAN UMTS yes yes no no
54

CX ,

MSC/VLR, SGSN UTRAN Ob (i.e., cell, URA, RA, TA ).

GSM, GPRS, UMTS t

GPRS and UMTS MM

In both GPRS and UMTS, IMSI is used as the common user Identity, and common MAP signaling is applied to both systems as well as GSM. Unlike GPRS, UMTS Radio network parameters and radio resources are managed in the UTRAN. Link GPRS BSS, the UTRAN does not coordinate MM procedures that are logically between the MS and CN. 55

GPRS P UMTS IMSI @ i@ MAP signaling.

user Identity, B ]pP

GSM @

O GPRS, UMTS Radio network parameters UTRAN @z . pP z . GPRS BSS, UTRAN |b MS P CN P

radio resources Ob MM procedures B

Summary

56

Summary
UMTS Architecture Wireless CDMA in UMTS User Plane Control Plane Mobility Management

57