JUNIOR LEADER PROFICIENCY TEST: 23 JUN 2009 QUESTION PAPER PART II TRADE : TECH COMPUTER (ENGLISH) Total Marks 50

Solutions 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. Enterprise Resource Planning Switch Hard Disk DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) World-wide Inter-operability for Microwave Access b a b d a True False True False True

16. There are certain addresses in each class of IP address that are reserved for LAN. These addresses are called private addresses.They can be used for: home & office networks, ATM machines, networks not connected to Internet. Range of Private Address Class A 10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255 Class B 172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255 Class C 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255 The first address is in each class is known as network address and the last address is known as broadcast address. The network address is represented with all bits as ZERO in the host portion of the address The broadcast address is represented with all bits as ONES in the host portion of the address (Another network) Valid IP Addresses lie between the Network Address and the Broadcast Address. Only Valid IP Addresses are assigned to hosts/clients.

Example Any PC in a network with an IP address-172.16.4.5 Here Network address 172.16.0.0 Broadcast address 172.16.255.255 Valid IP Addresses 172.16.0.1 to 172.16.255.254 17. A network architecture in which each computer or process on the network is either a client or a server is called client server architecture. Servers are powerful computers or processes dedicated to managing disk drives (file servers), printers (print servers), or network traffic (network servers). Clients are PCs or workstations on which users run applications. Clients rely on servers for resources, such as files, devices, and even processing power. Peer-to-peer network architecture, abbreviated as P2P, is a type of network in which each workstation has equivalent capabilities and responsibilities. This differs from client/server architectures, in which some computers are dedicated to serving the others. Peer-to-peer networks are generally simpler, but they usually do not offer the same performance under heavy loads. 18. There are three main kinds of UPSs viz. Offline, Online and Line Interactive. An off-line UPS remains idle until a power failure occurs, and then switches from utility power to its own power source, almost instantaneously. An on-line UPS continuously powers the protected load from its reserves (usually lead-acid batteries), while simultaneously replenishing the reserves from the AC power. The on-line type of UPS, in addition to providing protection against complete failure of the utility supply, provides protection against all common power problems, and for this reason it is also known as a power conditioner and a line conditioner. The line-interactive UPS uses a totally different design than any type of standby UPS. In this type of unit, the separate battery charger, inverter and source selection switch have all been replaced by a combination inverter/converter, which both charges the battery and converts its energy to AC for the output as required. AC line power is still the primary power source, and the battery is the secondary. When the line power is operating, the inverter/converter charges the battery; when the power fails, it operates in reverse. The main advantage of this design is that the inverter/converter unit is always connected to the output, powering the equipment. This design allows for faster response to a power failure than a standby UPS. The inverter/converter is also normally fitted with circuitry to filter out noise and spikes, and to regulate the power output, providing additional power during brownouts and curtailing output during surges. 19. The steps required to troubleshoot a printer are as follows, Reboot your computer. This generally solves most printing problems. a. If it's not printing, or you're getting a message about the Fax printer, change your default printer: Start - Settings -

b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i.

Printers/Faxes. Right-click the printer you want, and then select (left-click) Set as Default. Check and make sure all connections going to and coming from the printer are firmly in place. Check that the printer is on-line: Start - Settings - Printers, right-click the printer. If there isn't a checkmark by "Set as Default", left-click that option to select it. Print a test page. If that prints and the application you are using doesn't, you probably will need to contact the application's vendor for support. Turn off your printer for 10 seconds and turn it back on. Make a note of any error messages or flashing lights when the printer is turned back on. If your printer is connected directly to another computer, try rebooting that computer. Try to uninstall and then re-install your printer drivers once again.

Installing and uninstalling printers To uninstall: j. Start - Settings - Printers/faxes, right-click the Printer k. Select (left-click) Delete; say Yes to delete related files, if asked. To install a networked printer: l. Start - Settings - Printers/faxes m. Add a Printer - Next n. Local printer, but uncheck Auto-detect box o. Click Create a new port, and pick TCP/IP from drop-down list; Next p. If you are re-installing a printer using the same IP address, choose "Use the following port" and then pick the IP address from the drop-down list. q. Type in printer name or IP address, Next, Finish r. Select manufacturer and then model from the available lists s. You can either keep the suggested printer name or put in something that makes sense to you. Click Next twice. t. It's suggested that you print a test page; click Next and then Finish. Printing a test page u. Start - Settings - Printer v. Right-click the printer name, left-click Properties Click on the Print Test Page button. 20. Database normalization is a technique for designing relational database tables to minimize duplication of information. It is used to safeguard the database

against certain types of logical or structural problems, namely data anomalies. It is the process of efficiently organizing data in a database. There are two goals of the normalization process: a. eliminating redundant data (for example, storing the same data in more than one table) b. Ensuring data dependencies make sense (only storing related data in a table). For example, when multiple instances of a given piece of information occur in a table, the possibility exists that these instances will not be kept consistent when the data within the table is updated, leading to a loss of data integrity. A table that is sufficiently normalized is less vulnerable to problems of this kind, because its structure reflects the basic assumptions for when multiple instances of the same information should be represented by a single instance only. There are a total of Five Normal Forms, namely First Normal Form to Fifth Normal Form.