Name: Gladys A.

Mesiona
BSEDE-3
EL 115: Task 2

Instruction: Mention every five different tribes that beset the United Kingdom and what
their influences were during those periods.

In American history's colonial and early

federal eras, European Americans referred to the
Southeast's five great Native American nations—the
Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Creek
(Muscogee), and Seminole—as the "Five Civilized
Tribes."
They were seen as "civilized" by Americans of
European heritage since they had assimilated Anglo-
American cultural elements.   Christianity, centralized
governments, literacy, market participation, written
constitutions, intermarriage with white Americans,
and chattel slavery practices, such as buying enslaved
African Americans, are just a few examples of these
five tribes adopted colonial practices colonial
rules these five tribes adopted.   Before the United
States pushed the Indian Removal of these tribes from
the Southeast, the Five Civilized Tribes tended to have
stable political connections with the European
Americans for some time. These five tribes differed
from most others in that their lands were held through
patents or deeds with restrictions on alienation and reversion and other limits on timber,
mining, and grazing within their respective tracts. This is because their lands were not held
on the same basis as reservations. Before the government forcibly removed them under the
Indian Removal Act to other regions of the country, particularly the future state of Oklahoma,
all of the Five Civilized Tribes were based in the Southeastern United States. All Native
American tribes living east of the Mississippi River were obligated under this statute, which
President Andrew Jackson signed into law in May 1830, to relocate to territory west of the
river.

1. Cherokee (1794–1907)-When Europe first began colonizing the Americas, one of the
greatest politically integrated tribes was the Cherokee, a group of North American Indians
with Iroquoian ancestry. The tribe is a remarkably developing civilization. The nation
generously supports its schools, with more significant average attendance and pronounced
academic improvement than any prior year since the war. Farms are expanding and being
operated according to more intelligent principles than in the past. An attempt was made to
get a treaty supplemental to the treaty of 1866, which would have given the United States
control over vast and vital areas of land south of Kansas, ratified during the most recent
session of Congress. There have been many long-standing disputes between the
government and the Cherokees resolved. Moreover, tribal migration is shown to have
 started in the far north in a historical migratory fragment. In images, Cherokees are seen
battling icy winds and rain to reach their southern homeland. Although the prehistoric
ancestry of the Cherokee is unknown, we do know that they spoke an Iroquoian language
and that they had numerous cultural ties to their northern cousins. Additionally, the
traditional Cherokee society was governed by a belief in supernatural energies that
connected all living things. The bond between people and land, family and clan, and
community and council served as the foundation for values. In the past, villages
functioned independently and gathered for celebrations and battles. Tiny individual
homes were situated around huge towns or council houses, which served as the hub of the
seven clan villages. The Cherokees of the past had a life centered on hunting and warfare;
the tribe had also adopted some modest agriculture and developed fields to complement
the hunt. Men hunted, while women tended gardens, prepared meals, created ceramics,
and raised kids. The tribe was matrilineal; women had access to the land, and one's
mother determined one's clan membership. The British referred to the tribe as "a petticoat
government" because a "beloved lady" and the Council of Women held significant power,
including the authority to declare war.
With a contribution to the local economy of almost half a billion dollars, the Cherokee
Nation was the largest employer and economic force in northeastern Oklahoma. The
Cherokee Nation of today is strengthening the economic standing and independence of
the tribe and its members by developing a national university, offering courses in tribal
history and language, and restoring traditional tribal properties.

2. Chickasaw- The Treaty of Old Town, which saw tribe elders renounce their claims to
western Kentucky and Tennessee areas, marked the beginning of the Chickasaw Nation's
existence in Oklahoma. The election of President Andrew Jackson in 1828, the Indian
Deportation Act of 1830, and the expansion of Mississippi state laws over the Chickasaw
predicted their removal despite their refusal to yield their traditional territories in 1826.
Congress refused to ratify the removal treaty that followed in 1830 because the United
States federal government could not ensure a fair land exchange west of the Mississippi.
By the terms of the Treaty of Pontotoc, signed in 1832, Jackson's treaty commissioners
consented to survey and sell the tribe's approximately six-million-acre ancestral lands in
Mississippi and Alabama for $3 million. Chickasaw leaders agreed to formalize their
land-for-money trade by signing the Treaty of Washington in 1834 after Congress refused
to ratify it. The election of mixed-blood Cyrus Harris as the first governor of the brand-
new Chickasaw Nation seemed to represent rejuvenation and rebirth for his people.
Mixed-blood people dominated the new administration and the economic recovery before
1861 as commercial farmers and slaveholders. The main crops were cotton, corn, and
other cereals, but Chickasaw farmers also raised horses, cattle, sheep, hogs, and goats on
their prairie holdings. After becoming well-known for breeding horses, they built markets
for their horses and cattle in Arkansas, Missouri, and Louisiana.
Furthermore, the Chickasaw joined the other Five Tribes in a separate statehood
movement for the Indian Territory when their tribal autonomy was threatened to be lost.
Delegates drafted a constitution and a blueprint for an Indian state at the Sequoyah
Convention, which took place in Muskogee in August 1905. Despite the Five Tribes'
demand for statehood garnering a landslide majority in a referendum, the United States
government rejected it. By 1910, 6,337 Chickasaw and 4,607 black freedmen had
 received land allotments. The Chickasaw tribe lost all control over their former tribal
grounds and the newly created state of Oklahoma in 1907. Today, about 37,000
Chickasaw people, with about 26,000 living in Oklahoma. Members of that tribe received
a wide range of services, such as housing, health care, education, and training. Tribal
officials prioritized heritage preservation and the study of Chickasaw’s language, culture,
and history. Political and economic stability had been attained by the Chickasaw Nation,
which was encouraging for the future of its citizens.

3. Choctaw- The Treaty of Doak's Stand, which was signed in 1820 by tribe leaders in
central Mississippi, exchanged nearly thirteen million acres in southeast Oklahoma's
Canadian, Kiamichi, Arkansas, and Red Rivers watersheds for rich cotton lands in the
delta region east of the Mississippi River. The Choctaw Nation had a diverse population
by the 1850s. Some people still practiced old traditions like traditional weddings or
proper courtship, in which a young man sought a young woman, and she gave him a sign
that she was willing or reluctant to be caught. By 1855, there were eleven Christian
churches with 1,094 members. By 1860, the ABCFM reported twelve churches with
1,362 members. According to Choctaw law, "no one who denies the existence of a God or
a future state of rewards and punishments shall hold any post in the civil department of
this country or be permitted his oath in any court of justice. Traditional Choctaw stickball
games were still played despite Christian influence. Food sharing is still done according
to hospitality conventions, and kinship terms emphasize lineage from the mother. Long
after, a treaty signed in 1855 allayed these many worries. The Choctaw and Chickasaw
land bases remained jointly controlled, but the Chickasaw obtained political
independence.
The Choctaw and Chickasaw Nations leased the property west of the 98th Meridian to
the federal government for the settlement of western tribes, railroad rights-of-way through
these areas were assured, and the federal government accepted the Net Proceeds claim.
Hearings were held to discuss whether the government should extend the leases, with
their steady income for the Choctaws, or liquidate the tribal estate in 1942 when the
minerals became valuable for the war industries. The majority of the coal lands were
bought from the Choctaw Nation by the United States government for $8.5 million in
1948. The United States government adopted a policy in the 1950s to end its particular
ties with Indian tribes. This prompted the Choctaw Nation chief, who had just been
chosen to take the initiative in 1959 to transfer the remaining portion of the tribe's mineral
interests into a private trust. Online Choctaw language classes and the annual Choctaw
Labor Day festival, which include famous country music artists and religious services
with the singing of Choctaw hymns, are examples of cultural revival endeavors. The
Choctaw Nation has prospered economically while preserving and advancing its heritage
and culture.

4. Creek (Muscogee- An eighteenth-century account of Creek oral tradition described the

legend of one ancestral Creek clan migrating and founding a colony at the Ocmulgee site
close to modern-day Macon, Georgia. Between A.D. 900 and 1000, the critical towns of
Cusseta and Coweta were born from this settlement. The storied Creek Confederacy
finally gained popularity and power. Elders conducted business in the rotunda or council
house at one of the edges. In contrast to many other Indian tribes, the members of this
 civilization retained loyalty to a town in addition to their maternal clans. The cities of the
confederacy were split into factions known as red/war and white/peace. A meko governed
each village with the aid of advisors. Every year, Creek towns and tribes gathered. The
more than 20,000 Creek people who lived there at the beginning of the eighteenth century
lived in at least fifty settlements. Changes in trading practices, pressure from slave
merchants, population changes, and the merger of town survivors all contributed to the
acceleration of a long-term trend toward the fusion of groups seeking stability. Especially
under Alexander McGillivray in the late eighteenth century, this resulted in the
development of what Europeans called the Creek Confederacy. The British traders
referred to Indians living along the Ochese Creek by this place name, which was
subsequently abbreviated to "Creeks." Through the first part of the eighteenth century, the
deerskin trade took the role of the Indian slave trade, which had changed the Southeast's
interior up until 1717. Indian society was transformed by work.
The federal government started allowing the Creek Nation to choose its chief
executive in 1970. The Harjo v. Kleppe case from 1976 signaled the end of federal
paternalism and the beginning of a new era for an Indian nation that had been
rejuvenated. The elected government supports the three branches of tribal government
and continued economic development. Based on a descendancy roll derived from the
Dawes allotment rolls, there are currently more than 58 000 tribe members. The eleven
counties in Oklahoma that made up the traditional Creek Nation borders and other
countries across the world are home to certain tribal members. Various Creek Nation
activities and services are supported by a combination of federal funding and revenue
from gaming, farming, and other businesses. The Southeast's dispersed Creek claimants
have applied for national recognition. In 1984, the Poarch Band of Eastern Creeks in
southern Alabama became well-known. They live close to Atmore, a town in the historic
Creek homeland, where more than 2000 of them live. In an urban diaspora, other Creeks
are dispersed across the country, with families looking for work in Dallas, Los Angeles,
Phoenix, and other cities. Most ethnic groups in the US also have descendants, including
black people who are known as freedmen but do not have tribal rights. The population has
kept up the celebration of its cultural history. They continued to give hymns to their
Savior and dance around the sacred fire while praising their Creator. They have kept on
conducting all tribal business at Mvskoke. The high jinks of the trickster Rabbit, the
traditional cultural hero, have been chronicled in new stories of modern life that have
joined historic oral literature. The Este Mvskokvlke (Creek people) of the old Southeast is
known for its resilience and ability to overcome misfortune, and the Mvskoke people
have also absorbed these skills.

5. Seminole