Sources

I have sourced every word as best as I could. This sourcing is placed in a subscript after the IPA transcription, and tells where I, or the source from which I received a word, initially got their word from Frommer. In early March, Frommer sent us a list of words which he had: these are the denitive source now, and not the ASG. Some words are not present in this list, and so, in order of validity, from most to least: PF = Frommers Canon (Including approved entries by: JC, Prr and RL) F = Frommer himself M = The Movie S = The Survival Guide main text (ora, songs, and vocab list) G = the Avatar Games C = Cameron himself (not legalised by Frommer) T = Taronyu D = Words not derived by Taronyu ASG = The Survival Guide main text (ora, songs, and vocab list)

The Activists Survival Guide contains a list of words, with some errors. Words not in this list but still within the Guide are all illegal phonetically, and are to be regarded as noncanonical. I have attached the character to each such word, and put them in their own section in the appendix. However, the plant names and songs are distinctly Frommerian, and are thus included in the dictionary proper. James Cameron himself made up many words, which Frommer then legalised. Frommer did not legalise some pronounciation errors made during lming: these, like osss, are now canon regardless. Finally, Frommer has deigned some constructions made by learners as good words, and so, occasionally there are extra sources, as P RR and RL. These are to be treated as Frommerian, if included here, although not if they are attached to words whose part of speech is root, as those have been derived. I have edited this dictionary too many times not to assume that it will have errors. Please, if you note any, let me know here, and I will change them. As for version number, Ill change the rst digit when there is a big change. Ill update .0x0 when I make a signicant, but not large change. Finally, Ill edit the .00x number when Ive made tiny edits. Refer to the Change Log for explanation. Many, many thanks are to be given to Tuiq, who took the time and had the skill to put this dictionary into an online database, to help other translators and make the process of changing this dictionary much easier.

P ampi: ["P.amp.i] P F v. touch aw: [Paw] P F num. one, 1 awkx: [Pawk] P F n. cliff awlie: ["PawliE] P F adv. once(Note awlo) awlo: ["Pawlo] P F adv. once awpo: ["Pawpo] P F pn. one individual awsiteng: [Pawsi"tEN] P F adv. together awstengyem: [PawstEN"j.Em] P F v. join (two things together) awve: ["PawvE] P F adj. rst rp: ["P.R.Ip^] P F v. move (something) a eal: ["PEPal] P F adj. worst efu: ["P.Ef.u] P F v. feel, sense, perceive eko: ["P.Ek.o] P F v. attack ekong: ["PEkoN] P F n. beat (rhythmic) em: [P.Em] P F v. cook engeng: ["PENEN] P F adj. level eoio: ["PEoio] P F adj. ceremonious eveng: ["PEvEN] P F n. child evi: ["PEvi] P F n. kid (affectionate form of eveng child) A a: [a] F adjectival attributive marker a: [a] P F pn. which, that alaksi: [a"laksi] P F adj. ready alm: [a"lIm] P F adv. far away, at a distance apxa: [a"pa] P F adj. large atan: [a"tan] JC n. light atokirina: [atoki"RinaP^] JC n. seeds of the great tree (c.w. from rina seed) atxkxe: [at"kE] P F n. land au: ["au] JC n. drum (made of skin) ie: ["iE] P F n. vision (spiritual) o: ["o] P F adp. below E *em: [Em] T 9 root over derived from taem from above and emzau pass eltu: ["Eltu] P F n. brain emzau: [Em"z.aP.u] P F v. pass (a test), overcome eltu lefngap: ["Eltu le"fNap^] P rr n. computer (c.w. from em over and zau come) eltu si: ["Eltu s.i] P F v. pay attention, quit goong eo: ["Eo] P F adp. before, in front of (place) off eyawr: [Ej"awR] P F adj. correct, right 3 ean: ["Ean] P F adj. blue, green txle: ["tlE] P F n. request txle si: ["tlE s.i] M v. request aungia: [a"uNia] P F n. sign, omen awnga: [aw"Na] F pn. we derived from ayoeng we ayfo: [aj"fo] or ["ajfo] or [fo]] P F pn. they aylaru: [aj"laRu] P F pn. to the others (contraction of ay+laheru) aynga: [aj"Na] P F pn. you all, you (pl.) ayoe: [aj"oE] P F pn. we (exclusive) ayoeng: [aj"wEN] P F pn. we (inclusive)(ayoenga base for sufxes) ewan: ["PEwan] P F adj. young ewll: ["PEwl] P F n. plant " eylan: ["PEjlan] P F n. friend eyng: [P.EjN] P F v. answer, respond ia: ["P.iP.a] P F v. end, conclude ia: ["P.i.a] P F v. lose oneself (spiritual sense) it: ["Pit^] P F n. bit, a small amount itan: ["Pitan] JC,P F n. son ite: ["PitE] JC,P F n. daughter awn: [P.I"P.awn] P F v. remain, stay heyu: [PI"hEju] P F n. spiral ngls: ["PINlIsI] P F n. English language (loaned from Eng. English) ok: [Pok^] P F n. remembrance ong: [P.oN] P F v. unfold, blossom u: [Pu] P F n. thing (object, fact, abstraction) uo: ["Puo] P F pn. something upe: ["PupE] P F inter. what (thing) (c.w. from u thing and pe inter. marker) upxare: [Pu"paRE] P F n. message

eyk: [.Ejk^] JC,P F v. lead

eyktan: ["Ejktan] JC n. leader Eywa ngahu: ["Ejwa "Nahu] JC,P F intj. goodbye, Eywa (be) with you

F fa: [fa] P F adp. with, by means of fahew: [fa"hEw] P F n. smell fay+: [faj] D prex these (c.w. from f this and ay+ plural) fayvrrtep: [fajvrtEp^] F n. these demons (c.w. from fay this "plural and vrrtep demon)T fpa: ["fpa] P F n. top fewi: ["f.Ew.i] P F v. chase f: [fI] F prex this derived from fpo this one and fu this thing fu: [fI"Pu] P F pn. this (thing) ffya: [fI"fja] P F adv. this way, like this fkem: [fI"kEm] P F pn. this (action) fpo: ["fIpo] P F pn. this one (person or thing) ftrr: [fI"tr] P F adv. today " ftseng(e): [fI" EN(E)] P F adv. here, this place ftxan: [fI"tan] P F adv. so, to such an extent (c.w. from f this and txan great, much) fkarut: ["fk.aR.ut^] P F v. peel fkew: [fkEw] P F adj. mighty fkip: [fkip^] P F adp. up among fko: [fko] P F pn. one, it (unspecied agent) fkxake: ["fk.ak.E] P F v. itch fkxen: [fkEn] P F n. vegetable (food) : [fl.] P F v. succeed ew: [flEw] P F n. throat fmal: [fm.al] P F v. sustain fmawn: [fmawn] P F n. news, something to report fmetok: ["fm.Et.ok^] P F v. test fmi: [fm.i] P F v. try, attempt fngap: [fNap^] P F n. metal fnu: [fn.u] P F v. quiet, be quiet fo: [fo] P F pn. they derived from ay+ deleted plural leniting morpheme and po he/she fpak: [fp.ak^] P F v. hold off, suspend action fpe: [fp.EP^] P F v. send fpeio: [fpE"io] P F n. challenge (ceremonial) fpi+: [fpI] P F adp. for the sake of, for the benet of fpl: [fp.Il] P F v. think fpom: [fpom] P F n. well-being, peace, happiness fpxkm: ["fp.k.Im] P F v. enter 4 *fra: [fRa] T prex every derived from frapo everyone and frau everything D frau: ["fRaPu] P F pn. everything frakrr: ["fRakr] P F adv. always (c.w. from krr ti" me) frapo: ["fRapo] P F pn. everyone (c.w. from po he/she) frato: ["fRato] P F superlative marker than all fratrr: [fRa"tr] P F adv. daily, every day (c.w. from trr day) " fratseng: ["fRa EN] P F adv. everywhere (c.w. from tseng place) frp: [fr.Ip^] P F v. bite frrfen: ["f.rf.en] P F v. visit " frrtu: ["frtu] P F n. guest, visitor " ftang: [ft.aN] P F v. stop ftawnemkrr: [ftaw"nemkr] P F n. past (c.w. " from ft<awn>em pass by (perfect participle form) and krr time) fte: [ftE] P F conj. so that fteke: ["ftEkE] P F conj. so that not, lest (c.w. from fte so that and ke not) ftem: [ft.Em] P F v. pass by (something) ftia: [ft.i."a] P F v. study ftu: [ftu] P F adp. from (direction) ftue: ["ftuE] P F adj. easy, simple ftxavang: ["ftavaN] P F adj. passionate ftxey: [ft.Ej] P F v. choose ftxey...fuke: [ftEj fu"ke] P F conj. whether....or not ftx: [ftI] P F n. tongue ftxoz: [fto"z] P F n. celebration, happy occasion fu: [fu] P F conj. or furia: ["fuRia] P F conj. that (subordinate clause marker) (c.w. from furi this (topical) and a relative clause marker) futa: ["futa] P F conj. that (subordinate clause marker) (c.w. from fu-t this (accusative) and a that) fwa: [fwa] P F conj. that (subordinate clause marker) (c.w. from fu this and a relative clause marker) fwew: [fw.Ew] P F v. look for, seek, search

*fya: [fja] T root path, direction derived from fyawntxu: [fjaw.In"t.u] P F v. guide (c.w. from *fya path and wntxu show) fyao path and fyape how fyao: ["fjaPo] P F n. path, way, manner fyape: ["fjapE] P F inter. how allomorph of pefya H ha: [ha] P F adv. so, in that case hahaw: ["h.ah.aw] P F v. sleep hangham: ["h.aNh.am] P F v. laugh hapx: [ha"pI] P F n. part hasey: [ha"sEj] P F adj. done, nished hawl: [h.awl] P F v. prepare hawnu: ["h.awn.u] P F v. protect, shelter heyn: [h.Ejn] P F v. sit hiyk: ["hijIk^] P F adj. funny, strange hi: ["hIPi] P F adj. small, little (in size) hm: [hIm] P F adj. small (in quantity) I io: ["Io] P F adp. above ien: ["iPEn] JC n. stringed instrument *ik: [ik^] D root heaven, sky, mountain derived ioang: [i"oaN] P F n. animal, beast from iknimaya stairway to heaven and ikran walks the sky irayo: [i"Rajo] JC n., intj. thank you, thanks l+: ["Il] or [I"l] P F adp. by, via, following K ka: [ka] P F adp. across kalin: [ka"lin] P F adj. sweet kaltx: [kal"tI] P F intj. hello kame: ["k.am.E] P F v. see, see into, understand, know (spiritual sense) kan: [k.an] P F v. aim kangay: [ka"Naj] P F adj. valid kar: [k.aR] P F v. teach karyu: ["kaRju] P F n. teacher kato: ["kato] P F n. rhythm kavuk si: [ka"vuk^ s.i] P F v. betray *kaw: [kaw] T root contraction of ke aw not one, derived from kawkrr never kawkrr: ["kawkr] P F adv. never (c.w. from krr " time) kawng: [kawN] P F adj. bad, evil (c.w. from *kaw not and ng inclusive)T 5 kawtu: ["kawtu] P F pn. no-one k: [k.] P F v. go krp: [k"P.R.Ip^] P F v. push (c.w. from k go and rp move) kmakto: [k"m.akt.o] P F v. ride out (c.w. from k go and makto ride) kpx: [k"pI] P F n. rear (part or section) (c.w. from k go and hapx part) ksatseng: [k"sa EN] P F adv. out there (c.w. from k go and tseng place) ke: [kE] P F adv. not ke: [kE] T prex no, not keu: ["kEPu] P F pn., adv. nothing, nothing at all, not at all (c.w. from ke not and u thing) kea: ["kEa] P F adj. no (before a noun) kefyak: [kE"fjak^] P F part. isnt it?, right? (c.w. from kefya not the way and srak question hmtxampe: [hIm"tampE] P F inter. how much allomorph of pmtxan hmtxan: [hIm"tan] P F n. amount hol: [hol] P F adj. few holpxay: [hol"paj] P F n. number holpxaype: [hol"pajpE] P F inter. how many hrrap: ["hrap^] P F n. danger hu: [hu] "P F adp. with (accompaniment) hufwa: [hu"fwa] P F conj. although hufwe: [hu"fwE] P F n. wind hum: [h.um] P F v. leave, depart

marker) kehe: ["kEhE] P F adv. no kelku: ["kElku] P F n. home, house kelku si: ["kElku s.i] P F v. live, dwell kem: [kEm] P F n. thing (action), deed kempe: ["kEmpE] P F inter. what (action) keng: [kEN] P F adv. even kenong: ["k.En.oN] P F v. model, represent, exemplify (c.w. from ke not and nong follow after) kerusey: ["kERusEj] P F adj. dead (c.w. from ke not and r<us>ey live (adj. inx)) ketuwong: ["kEtuwoN] P F n. alien kewong: ["kEwoN] P F adj. alien key: [kEj] P F n. face keyeung: [kE"jEPuN] P F n. insanity kifkey: [kif"fkEj] P F n. world (physical, solid) kilvan: [kil"van] P F n. river kin: [k.in] P F v. need kinam: [ki"nam] P F n. leg kinamtil: [ki"namtil] P F n. knee kin: ["kin] P F num. seven, 7 kip: [kip^] P F adp. among kong: [kI"PoN] P F adj. slow Kx kxa: [ka] P F n. mouth kxam: [kam] P F n. middle, midpoint kxaml: ["kaml] P F adp. through (via the middle of) kxamtseng: ["kam EN] P F n. center, place in the middle (c.w. from kxam center and tseng place) kxangangang: ["kaNaNaN] P F intj. boom (onomatopoeia) L

km: [k.Im] P F v. spin kng: [kIN] P F n. thread ktee: [kItE"PE] P F n. service kyevame: [kIjE"vam.E] P F intj. good-bye, see you again soon (c.w. from kame see and <yev> future subjunctive inx) kllfro: [kl"fR.oP^] P F v. be responsible " kllk: [kl"k.] P F v. descend " kllkulat: [kl"k.ul.at^] P F v. dig up " kllkxem: [kl"k.Em] P F v. stand " kllpa: ["klpa] P F n. bottom " kllpxltu: [kl"pIltu] P F n. territory " kllte: ["kltE] P F n. ground " ko: [ko] P F part. solicit agreement kop: [kop^] P F adv. too, also koren: [ko"REn] P F n. rule, guideline krr: [kr] P F n. time " krrnekx: [kr"n.Ek] P F v. take/consume time (c.w. from krr" time and nekx consume) krrpe: ["krpE] P F inter. when " kunsp: ["kunsIp^] P F n. gunship (loaned from Eng. gunship) kurakx: [k.u"R.ak] P F v. drive out

kxan: ["kanI] P F adj. forbidden kxawm: [kawm] P F adv. perhaps, maybe kxener: ["kEnER] P F n. smoke kxetse: ["kE E] P F n. tail kxeyey: ["kEjEj] P F n. error, mistake kxll: [kl] P F n. charge, running attack " kxu: [ku] P F n. harm

*la: [la] T root other, otherness derived from *lay+: [laj] D root others derived from *la other lapo other one and aylahe others and ay+ plural le: [lE] F adjective deriving afx lahe: ["lahE] P F adj. other lefpom: [lE"fpom] P F adj. happy, peaceful, joyous lam: [l.am] P F v. seem, appear (not for people) lapo: ["lapo] P F pn. other one (person or thing) lek: [l.Ek^] P F v. heed, obey (c.w. from po he/she) len: [l.En] P F v. happen, occur latem: ["l.at.Em] P F v. change lerk: [lE"RIk] P F adj. leafy latsi: [l.a" .i] P F v. keep up with someone lertu: ["lERtu] P F n. colleague law: [law] P F adj. clear, certain lesar: [le"saR] F adj. useful 6

letrr: [lE"tr] RL,P F adj. daily " letrrtrr: [lE"trtr] P F adj. ordinary " " letsunslu: [lE" unslu] P F adj. possible (c.w. from tsun be able and slu become) lew si: [lEw s.i] P F v. cover *l(): [lI(P)] W root speak derived from lu word and lfya language lfya: ["lIPfja] P F n. language (c.w. from lu word and *fya way) lu: ["lIPu] P F n. word lupe: [lI"PupE] P F inter. what (word, utterance) allomorph of pelu lm: [l.Im] P F v. far, be far lo: [lo] P F multiplicative number sufx M ma: [ma] P F part. oh (vocative marker) makto: ["m.akt.o] P F v. ride maw: [maw] P F adp. after (time) mawey: [ma"wEj] P F adj. calm mefo: ["mEfo] P F pn. they, those two (c.w. from me+ dual marker and po he/she) melo: ["mElo] P F adv. twice menari: [mE"naRi] P F n. eyes (two) (c.w. from me+ dual and nari eye) meoauniaea: ["mEoaunia"Ea] F Frommers favourite word, currently undened meuia: [mE"uia] P F n. honour meyp: [mEjp^] P F adj. weak mi: [mi] P F adv. yet, still, as before mikyun: ["mikjun] JC n. ear mip: [mip^] P F adj. new m+: [mI] P F adp. in, on mfa: ["mIfa] or [mI"fa] P F n., adv. inside N

lok: [l.ok^] P F v. approach lok: [lok^] P F adp. close to lonu: [l.o"n.u] P F v. release, let go lor: [loR] P F adj. beautiful, pleasant to the senses (non-human) *lrr: [lr] lrrtok root smile, happy lrrtok:" ["lrtok^] P F n. smile lrrtok si: "["lrtok s.i] M v. smile lu: [l.u] P F "v. be, am, is, are (predicative copula, existential verb) luke: ["lukE] P F adp. without lumpe: ["lumpE] P F inter. why allomorph of pelun lun: [lun] P F n. reason

mkam: [mI"kam] P F adp. between mn: [m.In] P F v. turn mso: [mI"so] P F adv. away (position) derived from *to away mllte: [m.l"t.E] P F v. agree " moe: ["moE] P F pn. we two (exclusive) (c.w. from me+ dual and oe I) mokri: ["mokRi] P F n. voice mrr: [mr] P F num. ve, 5 " mui: [mu"i] P F adj. proper, fair, right, justied muni: [m.un"P.i] P F v. cut mune: ["munE] P F num. two, 2 munge: ["m.uN.E] P F v. take, bring mungwrr: [muN"wr] P F adp. except " muntxa: [mun"ta] P F adj. mated muntxa si: [mun"ta s.i] P F v. mate (with someone)

na: [na] P F adp. like, as nekll: [nE"kl] P F adv. down (direction) " narng: ["naPRIN] P F n. forest ne kllte: [nE "kltE] P F intj. get down (c.w. from " ne to and kllte the ground) nang: [naN] P F part. surprise, exclamation, encouragement nekx: [n.Ek] P F v. burn, consume nari: ["naRi] P F n. eye nemfa: ["nEmfa] P F adp. into, inside (c.w. from ne towards and m in) nari si: ["naRi s.i] P F v. watch out, be careful nawm: [nawm] P F adj. great, noble neto: [nE"to] P F adv. away (direction) derived from ne to and *to away nk: [n.k^] P F v. drink new: [n.Ew] P F v. want ne: [nE] P F adp. to, towards (direction) ni: [n.i."] P F v. grab nem: [nE"PIm] P F adv. back (direction) nef: [ne"f] P F adv. up (direction) nikre: ["nikRE] P F n. hair 7

nitram: [ni"tRam] P F adj. happy (of people) n: [nI] F adverbial deriving afx naw: [nI"Paw] P F adv. only nawtu: [nIP"awtu] P F adv. alone (as one person) nawve: [nIP"awvE] P F adv. rst neoio: [nI"PEoio] P F adv. ceremoniously nit: [nI"Pit^] P F adv. a bit, a small amount (abstract) (c.w. from it bit, a small amount) nul: [nIPul] P F adv. more nawnomum: [nIaw"nomum] P F adv. as you know, as is known (c.w. from <awn> perfect particple inx and omum know) nayoeng: [naj"wEN] P F adv. like us, as we do nftue: [nI"ftuE] P F adv. easily nftxavang: [nI"ftavaN] P F adv. passionately, with all heart nfyao: [nI"fjaPo] P F adv. in a manner nhawng: [nI"hawN] P F adv. too, excessively nltsan: [nI"l an] P F adv. well nmun: [nI"mun] P F adv. again nn: [n.In] P F v. look at nngay: [nI"Naj] P F adv. truly Ng nga: [Na] P F pn. you ngay: [Naj] P F adj. true ngaytxoa: [Naj"toa] P F intj. sorry, my apologies (acknowledgment of guilt and regret) (c.w. from ngey your and txoa forgiveness) ngng: [NN] P F n. stomach O oe: ["oE] P F pn. I, me

npxim: [nI"pim] P F adv. erectly, rightly nrangal: [nI"RaNal] P F adv. wish (contrary to fact) ntam: [nI"tam] P F adv. enough (after an adjective) nteng: [nI"tEN] P F adv. too, also, as well, likewise ntut: [nI"tut^] P F adv. continually ntxan: [nI"tan] P F adv. much (abstract), very (c.w. from txan much) nwin: [nI"win] P F adv. fast nwotx: [nI"wot] P F adv. all (of), in toto, completely nzawnong: [nI"zawnoN] P F adv. safely (c.w. from <awn> perfect particple inx and zong safe) nong: [n.oN] P F v. follow, proceed after nul: [nul] T root comparative adjectival marker derived from nul more and nulkrr longer nulkrr: [nul"kr] P F adv. longer (time) " nulnew: [nul"n.Ew] P F v. prefer nume: ["n.um.E] P F v. learn

ngenga: [NE"Na] P F pn. you (honouric form) ngian: [Ni"an] P F adv. however ngim: [Nim] P F adj. long (physical length) ngop: [N.op^] P F v. create ngrr: [ngr] P F n. root nguway:"["Nuwaj] P F n. howl, viperwolf cry

ohe: ["ohE] P F pn. I (deferential or ceremonial form) oeng: ["wEN] P F pn. we two (dual inclusive), you olo: [o"loP^] P F n. clan and I oloeyktan: [olo"PEjktan] P F n. clan leader (c.w. oeyk: [o"Ejk] P F n. cause from olo clan and eyktan leader) oeyktng: [o"Ejkt.IN] P F v. explain (why) deri- omum: [."om.um] P F v. know ved from oeyk cause and tng give ontu: ["ontu] P F n. nose

P pao: ["paPo] P F n. side pak: [pak^] P F part. for disparagement pam: [pam] P F n. sound pamrel: [pam"REl] P F n. writing pamrel si: [pam"REl s.i] P F v. write 8 pamtseo: ["pam Eo] P F n. music (c.w. from pam sound and tseo art) pate: ["p.at.E] P F v. get to a place, arrive pawm: [p.awm] P F v. ask pay: [paj] P F n. water, liquid phem: ["p.h.Em] P F v. arrive

pngkxo: [p.N"k.o] P F v. chat, converse, have a conversation pngkxoyu lekoren: [pN"koju lEko"rEn] P F n. lawyer *pnu: [pnu] D root oath, word, promise derived from pnutng promise pnutng: ["pnut.IN] P F v. promise (a thing to someone) (c.w. from tng give) pts: ["p I] P F n. badge pe+: [pE] P F afx inter. marker peun: ["p.EP.un] P F v. decide pefya: [pE"fja] P F inter. how allomorph of fyape pehem: [pE"hEm] P F inter. what (action) allomorph of kempe pehrr: [pE"hr] P F inter. when allomorph of krr" pe pelu: [pE"lIPu] P F inter. what (word, utterance) allomorph of lupe pelun: [pE"lun] P F inter. why allomorph of lumpe peng: [p.EN] P F v. tell peseng: [pE"sEN] P F inter. where allomorph of tsengpe Px pxan: [pan] P F adj. worthy pxask: ["pasIk^] P F intj. screw that!, no way! (vulgar) pxasul: ["pasul] P F adj. fresh, appealing as food pxaw: [paw] P F adp. around pxay: [paj] P F adj. many pxel: [pEl] P F adp. like, as R ral: [Ral] P F n. meaning ralpeng: [Ral"p.EN] P F v. interpret (c.w. from ral meaning and peng tell) *ran: [R.an] D root contracted form of walk derived from tran walk and ikran walks-theheavens rangal: ["RaNal] P F v. wish rawke: ["RawkE] P F intj. alarm cry, call to defense r: [R"P] P F part. do not (for negative imperatives) reo: ["rEPo] P F n. head rel: [REl] P F n. image, picture 9

pesu: [pE"su] P F inter. who allomorph of tupe peu: [pE"u] P F inter. what (thing) allomorph of upe pewn: [pEwn] P F n. neck pey: [p.Ej] P F v. wait, wait for piak si: [pi"ak^ s.i] P F v. open pizayu: ["pizaju] P F n. ancestor derived from *za come and yu noun deriving afx T pmtxan: [pIm"tan] P F inter. how much allomorph of hmtxampe plltxe: [p.l"t.E] P F v. speak " po: [po] P F pn. he, she poan: [po"an] P F pn. he poe: [po"E] P F pn. she pom: [p.om] P F v. kiss pongu: ["poNu] P F n. group of people, party prrnen: ["prnEn] P F n. infant, baby prrnesyul: "["prnEsjul] P F n. bud (c.w. from prr" nen baby and syulang ower) prrte: ["prtEP^] P F adj. pleasurable (of an activi" ty) prrwll: [prwl] P rr n. moss " " puk: [puk^] P F n. book (loaned from Eng. book) pukap: ["pukap^] P F num. six, 6

pxey: [pEj] P F num. three, 3 pxi: [pi] P F adj. sharp pxim: [pim] P F adj. erect, upright pxm: [pIm] P F adv. often pxor: [p.oR] P F v. explode pxun: [pun] P F n. arm pxuntil: ["puntil] P F n. elbow

reltseo: ["REl Eo] P F n. visual art (c.w. from rel image and tseo art) reltseotu: ["REl Eotu] P F n. artist (c.w. from reltseo art) renu: ["REnu] P F n. pattern rey: [R.Ej] P F v. live rikx: [R.ik] P F v. move, shift position rim: [Rim] P F adj. yellow rina: [Ri"naP^] P F n. seed rk: [RIk] P F n. leaf ro+: [Ro] P F adp. at (locative) rol: [R.ol] P F v. sing

participle inx) ronsem: ["RonsEm] P F n. mind rutxe: [Ru"tE] P F intj. please rum: [Rum] P F n. ball run: [R.un] P F v. nd, discover rusey: [Ru"sEj] P F adj., n. alive, living, living thing (c.w. from rey live and <us> active S sanok: ["saPnok^] P F n. mother(from saatenuk C) sanu: ["saPnu] P F n. mum, mommy (affectionate form of sanok mother) salew: [s.a"l.Ew] P F v. proceed, go san: [san] P F adv. saying, quote sar: [s.aR] P F v. use s: [s] F prex instrumental noun derived from snume teaching and sspxin disease sfpl: [s"fpIl] P F n. idea snume: [s"numE] P F n. teaching, instruction sspxin: [s"spin] P F n. disease, sickness (c.w. from spxin sick) sempu: ["sEmpu] P F n. daddy (affectionate form of sempul father) sempul: ["sEmpul] P F n. father set: [sEt^] P F adv. now sevin: [sE"vin] P F adj. pretty (of people) seyri: ["sEjRi] JC n. lip si: [si] P F do, make auxiliary verb, postpositional non-bound verb deriving afx sim: [s.im] P F v. near, be near s: [sI] P F conj. and (connects two things, can be attached as s: for clauses use ulte and) sk: [sIk^] P F adv. unquote slpey: [sIl"p.Ej] P F v. hope slronsem: [sIl"RonsEm] P F adj. clever, smart (thing) (c.w. from sltsan good and ronsem mind) sltsan: [sIl" an] P F adj. good sn: [sIn] P F adp. on, onto *sp: [sIp^] T n. ship derived from tawsp skyship and kunsp gunship skaa: [sk.a"P.a] P F v. destroy skepek: ["skEpEk^] M adj. formal skxawng: [skawN] P F n. moron, idiot skxom: [skom] P F n. chance, opportunity sl: [sl] P F conj. but sleyku: [slEj"k.u] P F v. produce (c.w. from slu become and <eyk> causative inx) slu: [sl.u] P F v. become sngap: [sN.ap^] P F v. sting sngi: ["sN.P.i] P F v. begin, start (intransitive) sngikrr: ["sNPikr] P F n. beginning, starting " time (c.w. from sngi begin and krr time) sngel: [sNEl] P F n. garbage sngeltseng: ["sNEl EN] P F n. garbage place (c.w. from sngel garbage and tseng place) snumna: ["snumIna] P F adj. dim (of a person) som: [som] P F adj. hot sop: [s.op^] P F v. travel spaw: [sp.aw] P F v. believe sp: ["sp.] P F v. jump spee: [sp.E"P.E] P F v. capture speetu: [spE"PEtu] P F n. captive (c.w. from spee capture and tu person) speng: [sp.EN] P F v. restore spule: ["sp.ul.E] P F v. propel spxam: [spam] P F n. mushroom, fungus spxin: [spin] P F adj. sick srak(e): ["sRak(E)] P F part. inter. marker for yes or no questions sran: [sRan] P F adv., intj. yes (colloquial) srane: ["sRanE] P F adv., intj. yes sre+: [sRE] P F adp. before (time) sre: [sREP] P F n. tooth sresea: [sREs.E"P.a] P F v. prophetize (c.w. from sre+ before and tsea see)D srew: [sR.Ew] P F v. dance srung: [sRuN] P F n. help, assistance srung si: [sRuN s.i] M v. help stawm: [st.awm] P F v. hear stn: ["st.Pn.I] P F v. catch steftxaw: [st.E"ft.aw] P F v. examine, check steyki: [stEj"ki] P F v. anger, make someone angry (c.w. from sti anger and <eyk> causative inx) sti: [st.i] P F v. angry, be angry sto: [st.o] P F v. refuse (to do something) stum: [stum] P F adv. almost sung: [s.uN] P F v. add sutx: [s.ut] P F v. track, follow, lock up

10

swaw: [swaw] P F n. moment swey: [swEj] P F adj. best swir: [swi"R] P F n. creature swizaw: [swi"zaw] P F n. arrow swok: [swok^] P F adj. sacred swotu: ["swotu] P F n. sacred place T ta: [ta] P F adp. from (various uses) taem: [ta"PEm] P F adv. from above tafkip: [ta"fkip^] P F adp. from up among (c.w. from ta from and fkip up among) tafral: [ta"fRal] P F adv. therefore, because of that takip: [ta"kip^] P F adp. from among (c.w. from ta from and kip among) takuk: ["t.ak.uk^] P F v. strike talun(a): [ta"lun(a)] P F conj. because, from the reason tam: [t.am] P F v., intj. sufce, do", OK tam tam: [tam tam] M,T intj. calm, be content, there there tangek: ["taNEk^] P F n. trunk (of a tree) tanh: [tan"hI] P F n. star, bioluminescent freckle taron: ["t.aR.on] P F v. hunt taronyu: ["taRonju] P F n. hunter (c.w. from taron hunt and yu agent sufx) tatep: ["t.at.Ep^] P F v. lose taw: [taw] P F n. sky taweyk(a): [ta"wEjk(a)] P F conj. because, based on the cause tawng: [t.awN] P F v. duck, dive tawsp: ["tawsIp^] P F n. sky-ship (loaned from Eng. ship) tftxu: [t."ft.u] P F v. weave tftxuyu: [t"ftuju] P F n. weaver (c.w. from tftxu weave and yu agent sufx) ttxaw: [t."t.aw] P F v. return (intransitive) te: [tE(P)] JC part. used in full names tei: [tEi] G n. plain tel: [t.El] P F v. receive telem: [tE"lEm] P F n. cord tem: [t.Em] P F v. shoot (intransitive) teng: [tEN] P F adj. same, equal tengfya: ["tENfja] P F conj. as, same way as (c.w. from *teng like, same as and *fya path) tengkrr: [tEN"kr] P F conj. while, same time as " (c.w. from krr time) teri: [tE"RI] P F adp. about, concerning

swotulu: ["swotulu] P F n. sacred river syaw: [s.jaw] P F v. call sy: ["sjP] P F adj. bitter syep: [sj.Ep^] P F v. trap syulang: [sjulaN] P F n. ower

terkup: ["t.ERk.up^] P F v. die teswotng: [tEs"wot.IN] P F v. grant (c.w. from tng give) tewti: ["tEwti] P F intj. wow, expression of surprise and pleasure teya: [tE"ja] P F adj. full til: [til] P F n. joint, hinge tirea: [ti"REa] P F n. spirit tireafyao: [ti"REa"fjaPo] P F n. spirit path (c.w. from tirea spirit and fyao path) tireaioang: [ti"REai oaN] P F n. spirit animal (c.w. from tirea spirit and ioang animal) tireapngkxo: [ti"REap.N"k.o] P F v. commune (c.w. from tirea spirit and pngkxo chat) t: [tI] W noun. deriving afx tawm: [tI"Pawm] P F n. camping tawm si: [tI"Pawm s.i] P F v. camp teyng: [tI"PEjN] P F n. answer, response tfmetok: [tI"fmEtok^] P F n. test tftang: [tI"ftaN] P F n. stopping tfyawntxu: [tIfjawIn"tu] P F n. guidance thawnu: [tI"hawnu] P F n. protection tkangkem: [tI"kaNkEm] P F n. work tkangkem si: [tI"kaNkEm s.i] P F v. work tkawng: [tI"kawN] P F n. evil tkenong: [tI"kEnoN] P F n. example (c.w. from t- abstract noun prex and kenong model) tkin: [tI"kin] P F n. need tng: [t.IN] P F v. give tngay: [tI"Naj] P F n. truth tng mikyun: [t.Im "mikjun] P F v. listen, lit. give an ear tng nari: [t.In "naRi] P F v. look, lit. give eye tng tseng: [t.IN EN] P F v. back down, lit. give place toeyktng: [tI"wejktIN] F n. explanation (c.w. from <eyk> cause (root)) tpawm: [tI"pawm] P F n. question (c.w. from pawm ask) tran: [t.I"R.an] P F v. walk

11

trey: [tI"REj] P F n. life trol: [tI"Rol] P F n. song tspxin: [tI"spin] P F n. the state of being ill, sickness (c.w. from spxin sick) tsraw: [tI"sRaw] P F n. pain tsraw seyki: [tI"sRaw sEj"k.i] P F v. hurt (someone or something) (c.w. from tsraw pain and si + <eyk> make (causative)) tsraw si: [tI"sRaw s.i] P F v. hurt, be painful ttakuk: [tI"takuk^] G n. strike ttxur: [tI"tuR] P F n. strength, power tyawn: [tI"jawn] P F n. love (c.w. from yawne beloved) *to: [to] T root away (concept) derived from neto away (direction) and mso away (position) to: [to] P F comparative marker than tok: [t.ok^] P F v. be at, occupy a space (transitive) toktor: ["toktoR] P F n. doctor (loaned from Eng. doctor) tokx: ["tok] P F n. body toltem: [t.ol"t.Em] P F v. shoot (transitive) tompa: ["tompa] P F n. rain Ts *tsa: [ a] T prex that derived from tsakem that action and tsakrr that time tsa: [ a] F dem.,pn. that, it tsau: [" aPu] P F dem. that (thing) (c.w. from tsa that and *u thing) tsaheyl si: [ a"hEjl s.i] P F v. bond with, establish a neural connection tsaheylu: [ a"hEjlu] P F n. bond tsakem: [" akEm] or [ a"kEm] P F dem. that (action) tsakrr: [ a"kr] P F dem. then, at that time " tsam: [ am] P F n. war tsampongu: [" ampoNu] P F n. war party (c.w. from tsam war and pongu party) tsamsiyu: [" amsiju] P F n. warrior (c.w. from tsam si make war and yu agent sufx) tsapalute: [ ap"PalutE] P F n. apology tsapalute si: [ ap"PalutE s.i] P F v. apologise tsatseng: [ a" EN] or [" a EN] P F dem. there, that place (c.w. from tsa that and tseng place) tsatu: [" atu] P F dem. that person (c.w. from tsa that and tu person) tsawke: [" awkE] P F n. sun

toruk makto: [toRuk makto] JC n. toruk rider (c.w. from toruk leonopteryx and makto ride) trr: [tr] P F n. day " trram: [tr"am] P F adv. yesterday trray: [tr""aj] P F adv. tomorrow (c.w. from trr day) " *tu: [tu] T root person, personage marker tu: [tu] direct object noun deriving afx, as in speetu captive T tukru: [tuk"Ru] P F n. spear tul: [t.ul] P F v. run tung: [t.uN] P F v. allow tungzup: [t.uN"z.up^] P F v. drop (c.w. from tung allow and zup fall) tup: [tup^] P F conj. instead of, rather than tupe: ["tupE] P F inter. who allomorph of pesu tut: [tut^] P F part. continuation marker tutan: [tu"tan] P F n. male (person) tute: ["tutE] P F n. person tute: [tu"tE] P F n. female (person) tuteo: ["tutEo] P F pn. somebody tuvon: ["t.uv.on] P F v. lean

tsawl: [ awl] P F adj. big (in size), tall tsawl slu: [ awl sl.u] P F v. grow (c.w. from tsawl big and slu become) *tsay+: [ aj] D prex those derived from *tsa that and ay+ plural ts: [ .P^] P F v. squirt tse: [ E] P F part. well (conversation starter) tsea: [ .E"P.a] P F v. see (physical sense) tseng(e): [" EN(E)] P F n. place tsengo: [" ENo] P F pn. somewhere tsengpe: [" ENpE] P F inter. where allomorph of peseng tseo: [" Eo] P F n. art tsng: [ IN] P F num. four, 4 tskalep: [" kalEp^] P F n. crossbow tsko: [ ko] P F n. bow (weapon) tsko swizaw: [ ko swi"zaw] P F n. bow and arrow tskxe: [ kE] P F n. rock, stone tskxekeng: [" kEkEN] P F n. training, exercise tslam: [ l.am] P F v. understand tsleng: [ lEN] P F adj. false

12

tslolam: [ lo"lam] P F intj. got it, I understand derived from tslam understand and <ol> perfect aspect inx tsmuk: [ muk^] P F n. sibling tsmukan: [" mukan] P F n. brother tsmuke: [" mukE] P F n. sister tsmuktu: [" muktu] P F n. sibling(allomorph of tsmuk sibling) T tsngal: [ Nal] P F n. cup tsngawvk: [" N.awv.Ik^] P F v. cry, weep tsn: [ nI] P F conj. that (function word) tspang: [ p.aN] P F v. kill tsranten: [" R.ant.En] P F v. matter, be of import Tx txal: [tal] F n. back (of the body) txan: [tan] P F adj. great, much, many (in quantity) txantsan: ["tantsan] P F adj. excellent txantslusam: ["tan lusam] P F adj. wise (c.w. from txan much and tsl<us>am understand) txelan: [tEP"lan] P F n. heart txele: ["tElE] P F n. matter (subject) txen: [tEn] P F adj. awake txep: [tEp^] P F n. re txepvi: ["tEpvi] P F n. spark txewk: [tEwk^] P F n. club (weapon) txey: [t.Ej] P F v. halt U uimi: [uPimi] S n. streamers ulte: ["ultE] P F conj. and (clausal conjunction) ultxa: [ul"ta] P F n. meeting ultxarun: [ul"taR.un] P F v. encounter, meet by chance ultxa si hu: [ul"ta s.i hu] P F v. meet with someone intentionally unil: ["unil] P F n. dream uniltrantokx: [uniltI"Rantok] JC,P F n. avatar, dreamwalker body V

tsrei: [" R.EP.i] P F v. throw tstew: [ tEw] P F adj. brave tstu si: [ tu s.i] P F v. close tstxo: [ to] P F n. name tsuksm: [" uksIm] P F n. chin tsun: [ .un] P F v. can, be able tsunslu: [" .unsl.u] P F v. may, be possible (c.w. from tsun be able and slu become) tsurokx: [ .u"R.ok] P F v. rest tswayon: [" w.aj.on] P F v. y tsyal: [ jal] P F n. wing tsyo: [ jo] P F n. our

txm: [tIm] P F n. butt, rear end, ass txng: [t.IN] P F v. leave, abandon txo: [to] P F conj. if txoa: ["toa] P F n. forgiveness txokefyaw: ["tokEfjaw] P F conj. if not, or else, otherwise (c.w. from txo-ke-fya-aw if not one path) txon: [ton] P F n. night txonong: [ton"PoN] P rr n. evening, twilight txopu: ["topu] P F n. fear txopu si: [topu s.i] M v. be afraid txula: ["t.ul.a] P F v. build, construct txum: [tum] P F n. poison txur: [tuR] P F adj. strong

uniltranyu: [unitI"Ranju] P F n. dreamwalker uo: ["uo] P F adp. behind *ut: [ut^] T root tree derived from pxiut sharp tree and rumut ball tree(compound-word allomorph of utral) utral: ["utRal] P F n. tree uvan: [u"van] P F n. game uvan si: [u"van s.i] P F v. play

vay: [vaj] P F adp. up to vitra: [vit"Ra] P F n. soul vaykrr: [vay"kr] P F conj. until (c.w. from vay vol: [vol] P F num. eight, 8 " up to and krr day) vrrtep: ["vrtEp^] P F n. demon " vir: [v.i"R.] P F v. spread, proliferate vul: [vul] P F n. branch (of a tree) 13

W way: [waj] P F n. song waytelem: ["wajtElEm] P F n. song chord w+: [w] P F adp. against (as in: ght against) wem: [w.Em] P F v. ght weyn: [wejn] P F v. draw, illustrate win: [win] P F adj. fast win spi: [win s"p.i] P F v. hurry (c.w. from win fast and si + <p> do (reexive)) Y ya: [ja] P F n. air yawne: ["jawnE] P F adj. beloved yn: [j.n] P F v. fasten, tie down yern: ["jEPRIn] P F adv. soon *yeung: [jEPuN] D root sanity derived from keyeung insanity yem: [j.Em] P F v. put, place yemfpay: [jEm"fpaj] P F n. dipping, immersion (into liquid) yemfpay si: [jEm"fpaj s.i] P F v. dip into liquid Z zarp: [za"P.R.Ip^] P F v. pull zau: ["z.aP.u] P F v. come zam: [zam] P F num. sixty four, 64 zamunge: [za"m.uN.E] P F v. bring derived from munge bring zapx: [za"pI] P F n. front (part or section) (c.w. from *za come and hapx part) zawng: [z.awN] P F v. scream zekw: ["zEkw] P F n. nger zene: ["z.En.E] P F v. must zenke: ["z.ENkE] P F v. must not (root sense) (c.w. from zene must and ke not) zst: ["zIsIt^] P F n. year zong: [z.oN] P F v. save, defend zongtseng: ["zoN EN] P F n. safe place, refuge (c.w. from zong save and tseng place) zoplo: [zop"lo] P F n. offence, insult zup: [z.up^] P F v. fall zusawkrr: [zu"sawkr] P F n. future (c.w. from " z<us>au coming and krr time) yey: [jEj] P F adj. straight ym: [.jIm] P F v. bind yol: [jol] P F adj. short (of time) yom: [j.om] P F v. eat yomtng: ["jomt.IN] P F v. feed (c.w. from yom eat and tng give) yu: [ju] W nominative agent noun deriving afx, as in taron-yu hunter yur: [j.uR] P F v. wash win si: [win s.i] P F v. rush something, make something fast (c.w. from win fast and si do) wntxu: [w.In"t.u] P F v. show *wong: [woN] T root sameness, the same derived from kewong alien and ketuwong alien wrrpa: ["wrpa] P F n., adv. outside " wutso: ["wu o] P F n. dinner, served meal

14

The Number System.

The following are charts of Navi numbers. Note that it is not a decimal, but an octal system. Underlining indicates where the stress ought to fall. Navi Numbers: 0 39 1 2 3 vol mevol pxevol volaw mevolaw pxevolaw vomun mevomun pxevomun vopey mevopey pxevopey vosng mevosng pxevosng vomrr mevomrr pxevomrr vofu mevofu pxevofu vohin mevohin pxevohin Navi Numbers: 40 63 5 6 7 mrrvol puvol kivol mrrvolaw puvolaw kivolaw mrrvomun puvomun kivomun mrrvopey puvopey kivopey mrrvosng puvosng kivosng mrrvomrr puvomrr kivomrr mrrvofu puvofu kivofu mrrvohin puvohin kivohin

0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 aw mune pxey tsng mrr pukap kin

4 tsvol tsvolaw tsvomun tsvopey tsvosng tsvomrr tsvofu tsvohin

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

x1 aw mune pxey tsng mrr pukap kin

combining -aw -mun -pey -sng -mrr -fu -hin

More Navi Numbers: x8 x64 x512 vol zam vozam mevol mezam mevozam pxevol pxezam pxevozam tsvol tszam tsvozam mrrvol mrrzam mrrvozam puvol puzam puvozam kivol kizam kivozam

x4096 zazam mezazam pxezazam tszazam mrrzazam puzazam kizazam

15

Navi Proper Nouns

Omati: [omati] G prop.n mans name Omatikaya: [omati"kaja] JC,S prop.n. Blue Flute Clan Onantu: [onantu] G prop.n a Navi name Peyral: [pEjRal] JC prop.n name Raiuk: [RaiPuk^] G prop.n name Ralu: ["Ralu] S prop.n. childs name Rongloa: [RoNloa] JC prop.n clan name Seyvaro: [sEjvaRo] G prop.n Navi name Silwanin: [silwanin] JC prop.n. Neytiris sister Tasun: [tasun] G prop.n name Tawkami: [tawkami] G prop.n clan name (c.w. from taw sky and kame see) Tawtute: ["tawtutE] P F prop.n. Sky-person, human (c.w. from taw sky and tute person) Tipnai: [tipnai] G prop.n. clan name Tsahk: [" ahIk^] P F prop.n. matriarch, high priestess, interpreter Tskaha: [ kaha] JC prop.n. tribe name Tsutey: [ uP"tEj] JC prop.n. mans name Uimi huyuticaya: [uPimi hujutikaja] ASG prop.n. clan name Uniltaron: ["unil"taRon] P F prop.n. Dream Hunt Vitraya Ramunong: [vitRaja RamunoN] JC prop.n Well of Souls

Amhul: [amhul] S prop.n. name nst: ["nsIt^] S prop.n. name Anurai: [anuRai] G prop.n. clan name Ateyitan: [atEjitan] JC prop.n. son of Ateyo derived from Ateyo male name and itan son Eytukan: ["Ejtukan] JC prop.n. mans name Eywa: ["Ejwa] JC prop.n. world spirit, Gaia (derived from Proto-Indo-European *aiw) T Eywaeveng: [Ejwa"PEvEN] P F prop.n. Pandora (c.w. from Eywa Gaia and eveng child) Iknimaya: ["ikni"maja] JC prop.n. Stairway to Heaven, the rite of passage for young Navi Liona: [liPona] G prop.n clan name Lompo: [lompo] G prop.n mans name Malimi: [malimi] G prop.n a Navi name Moat: ["moPat^] JC prop.n. womans name Moatite: [moPatPitE] JC prop.n. daughter of Moat derived from Moat a woman and ite daughter Navi: ["naPvi] JC,P F prop.n. the People, indigenous Pandoran sentient race Neranak: [nERaPnak^] G prop.n a Navi name Neytiri: [nEjtiRi] JC prop.n. womans name Ninat: [ninat^] JC prop.n. womans name, good singer Nok: [nok^] G prop.n mans name

Flora *atoki: [atoki] T n. sacred tree derived from atokirina seeds of the great tree arlek: [arPlEk^] G n. a seed-bearing plant awaiei: [awaiEi] S n. banshee of paradise eyaye: [EjajE] S n. warbonnet fngapsutxwll: [fNapsutwl] S n. metal-following " plant Kelutral: ["kElutRal] S,M prop.n. Hometree loreyu: [loREju] S n. helicoradium spirale, beautiful spiral (c.w. from lor beautiful and heyu spiral)T pamtseowll: [pam Eowl] S n. cat ear, music " plant paywll: [pajwl] S n. water plant, dapophet " penghrrap: [pENhrap^] S n. binary sunshine, " fringed lamp (c.w. from peng tell and hrrap danger) pxiut: [piut^] S n. razor palm, sharp tree pxorna: [poRnaP^] S n. episoth, exploding seed (c.w. from rina seed and pxor explode) rumut: [Rumut^] S n. ball tree seze: ["sEzE] P F n. blue ower somtlor: [somtIloR] S n. popsicle, hot beauty (c.w. from som hot and tlor beauty) tautral: [tautRal] S n. sky tree (c.w. from taw sky and utral tree)T tawtsngal: [taw Nal] S n. panopyra, sky cup (c.w. from taw sky) tlor: [tI"loR] P F n. beauty torukspxam: [toRukspam] S n. octoshroom, great leonopteryx fungus tsawlapxangrr: [ awlapaNr] S n. unidelta tree, " lit. tall large root (c.w. from ngrr root)(for short, tsawlapx)

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tsyorinawll: [ joRinaPwl] S n. cycad, our seed " plant (c.w. from rina seed and ewll plant)T txllu: [tlPu] P F n. hookagourd " txumpaywll: [tumpajwl] S n. scorpion thistle, " poison water plant (c.w. from txum poison and paywll water plant) txumtswll: [tum Pwl] S n. reclining ask, " poison-squirting plant (c.w. from ts squirt and ewll plant) Utral Aymokriy: ["utRal aj"mokRij] P F prop.n. Tree of Voices(from utraya mokri C )

utral utu mauti: [utRal utu mauti] S n. push fruit tree utu mauti: [utu mauti] S n. banana fruit, push fruit Vitrautral: [vit"RautRal] P F prop.n Tree of Souls (c.w. from vitra soul and utral tree) yomhang: [jomhIPaN] S n. small animal/insect eater, dakteron derived from hi small and ioang animalT yomioang: [jomi"oaN] S n. chalice plant (c.w. from yom eat and ioang animal T )

Fauna nantang: ["nantaN] JC,P F n. viperwolf Caniferratus costatus, striped armored wolf ngawng: [NawN] P F n. worm pali: ["paPli] P F n. direhorse palulukan: ["palu"lukan] JC n. thanator riti: ["Riti] P F n. stingbat talioang: ["tal"ioaN] P F n. sturmbeest (c.w. from T ioang animal) kaliweya: [kaliPwEja] S n. species of poisonous teylu: ["tEjlu] P F n. beetle larva arachnid lenayga: [lEnajPga] ASG n. slinger, predatory toruk: ["toRuk^] JC n. great leonopteryx, last shadow animal yerik: ["jERik^] P F n. hexapede lonataya: [lonataja] ASG n. medusa angtsk: ["PaN Ik^] P F n. hammerhead eltungawng: ["EltuNawN] P F n. brainworm (c.w. from eltu brain and ngawng worm) fpxafaw: ["fpafaw] P F n. medusa ikran: ["ikRan] JC n. banshee ikranay: ["ikRanaj] ASG n. forest banshee(non-F)

17

Illegal Words

These are illegal words that are not from Frommer: I have included them as they are in the corpus, but they are not to be regarded as Navi words. The following words, or their roots, either break syllable rules that Frommer set forth, or have at least one of the following illegal sounds, spellings, or digraphs: h [Ph], b [b], c [k], ch [tS], d [d], g [g], h [hP], ii [i:], j [Z], sh [S], uu [u:] chantu gorek nuuto: [tSanPtu gorPEk^nuuto] ASG n. stone jar chey: [tSEj] ASG n. possesions rack derived from Pah sivil chey rack Eywa ksey nivibrista: [Ejwa kPsEj niviPbriPsta] ASG hammock, from Eywa cradles everyone Eywa silivi maskit nivi: [Eywa sPilivi masPkit^nivi] ASG Ewyas wisdom is revealed to all of us Eywa te _ tansey makta: [Ejwa tEP tanPsEJ makPta] ASG n. ikran queue harness, lit. the love of Eywas embrace is gifted to (personal name) feru mpreduk: [fEru mPpREduPk^] ASG n. basket iveh knivi sdir: [ivEh kPnivi sPdir] ASG n. baby sling jakesully: [ZEjksu:li] M n. moron, toruk mak" toyu (loaned from Eng. Jake Sully) ksey nivi: [kPsEj nivi] ASG n. group sleep Kyuna: [kjuna] G prop.n girls name mreshtuyu: [mPRESPtuju] or [mPREshPtuju] ASG n. shield malmoks: [malmoks] G n. rings of stone maskit nivi sanok: [masPkit^nivi saPnok^] ASG mother loom mereshti caupla: [mERESPti kauPpla] or [meReshPti kauPpla] ASG n. banshee catcher, bola, lit. nothing to see mreki ulito: [mREki uPlito] ASG n. re pit nahla bukne: [naPhla bukPnE] ASG n. direhorse lead, lit. face pull niktchey: [niktP hEj] or [niktPtSEj] ASG n. small bit of food, packed lunch nivi: [nivi] ASG n. hammock (informal), us derived from Eywa ksey nivibrista Ewya cradles everyone omati sampta: [omati sPampta] ASG n. blue ute Pah sivil chey: [pPah sPivil tSEy] SAG n. personal belongings rack pxtxawng: [ptawN] C n. douchebag shah-tell: [SahtEl] ASG n. shuttle (loaned from Eng. shuttle) sushiri tacto sa: [suPshiri tPacto sa] or [suPshiri tPacto sa] ASG n. toy ikran sumin jiitluy: [sumin ZiitPluy] ASG n. leaf plate suminsey hulleh: [suminPsEj hulEh] ASG slee" ping outside of the group triti so jahmka: [tPRiti so Zahmka] ASG n. pendulum drum tmi natsey: [tmi natPsEj] ASG n. bladder lantern, from food here ulivi maritsey makdinito: [Ulivi mariP Ej makPdiniPto] ASG loom, lit. branches of the tree look to each other for strength, or many branches together are strong ulutah inibsey mulsi: [uluPtah inibPsEy mulsi] ASG n. leaf plate

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Inections

Verb Inxes <am>: [am] W past tense verbal inx in position 1: Oe tamaron. I hunted. <ng>: [N] W pejorative affect verbal inx in position 2: Oe tarngon. I hunt (ugh!). <p>: [p^] F E reexive verbal inx in position 0: Oe tparon. I hunt myself. <arm>: [aRm] W imperfective past tense verbal inx in position 1, derived from am + er: Oe tarmaron. I was hunting. <asy>: [asj] P F future tense with determination verbal inx in position 1: Oel tspasyang palulukanit. I will denately kill the thanator. <ats>: [a ] F E inferential, indicating uncertainty or indirect knowledge verbal inx in position 2: Oel tspatsang poanit. I killed him (I think.) <awn>: [awn] P F passive participle verbal inx in position 0: Oe tawnarona tute lu. I am a hunted person. <ay>: [aj] W future tense verbal inx in position 1: Oe tayaron. I will hunt. <ei>: [Ei] W laudative affect verbal inx in position 2: Oe tareion. I hunt (hooray!). <er>: [ER] D imperfective aspect verbal inx in position 1: Oe teraron. I am hunting. <eyk>: [Ejk] F E causative verbal inx in position 0: Oel teykaron pot. I caused him to hunt. <ilv>: [ilv] F E present perfective subjunctive verbal inx in position 1: Oe new tslilvam. I want to understand. <m>: [Im] W recent past verbal inx in position 1: Oe tmaron. I just hunted. <imv>: [imv] F E past subjunctive verbal inx in position 1: Oe namew tslimvam I wanted to understand. <rm>: [IRm] W imperfective recent past tense verbal inx in position 1: Oe trmaron. I was just hunting. <irv>: [iRv] F E present imperfective subjunctive verbal inx in position 1: Oe new tslirvam. I want to be understanding. <sy>: [Isj] P F immediate future tense with determination verbal inx in position 1: Oel tspsyang palulukanit. I will denately kill the thanator soon. <iv>: [iv] W subjunctive mood verbal inx in position 1: Ngal new futa oe tivaron. You want this thing: for me to hunt <y>: [Ij] W immediate future tense verbal inx in position 1: Oe tyaron. I am about to hunt. <yev>: [IjEv] F E future subjunctive verbal inx in position 1: Oel kyevame ngati. I will see you soon. <iyev>: [ijEv] F E future subjunctive verbal inx in position 1: Oel kiyevame ngati. I will see you soon. <ol>: [ol] F perfective aspect verbal inx in position 1: Oe tolaron. I hunted (nished action). <us>: [us] W active participle verbal inx in position 0: Oe tusarona tute lu. I am a hunting person. <uy>: [uj] F honouric or ceremonial verbal inx in position 2: Naviy, l<uy>u hapx. You are part of The People. Noun Inections : [] F genitive sufx for nouns ending in a everything but a, , e, and (allomorph of y): Oel yom ikran yerikit. I eat the ikrans yerik. an: [an] W masculine sufx for certain nouns: Oe tutean lu. I am a male dude. e: [E] F feminine sufx for certain nouns: Oe tute ke lu. I am not a girl l: [Il] F ergative case sufx for nouns ending in a consonant, dipthong, or pseudo-vowel (allomorph of l): Ikranl taron yerikit. The ikran hunts the yerik.

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ri: [IRi] F topical sufx for nouns ending in a consonant, dipthong, or pseudo-vowel (allomorph of ri): Ikranri taron yerikit. The ikran hunts a yerik. it: [it^] F accusative sufx for nouns ending in a consonant, dipthong, or pseudo-vowel (allomorph of t, ti): Oel taron yerikit. I hunt the yerik. l: [l] W ergative case adp. for nouns ending in a vowel: Oel taron yerikit. I hunt the yerik. ng: [N] W clusivity adp. for pronouns: Ayoeng taron. We all hunt. o: [o] P F indenite sufx: Oel tspamang tuteot. I killed someone. ri: [Ri] F topical adp. for nouns ending in a vowel: Oeri taron yerikit. I hunt the yerik. ru: [Ru] W dative sufx for nouns ending in a vowel (allomorph of ur): Oel kxenerit ngaru tng. I give fruit to you. t: [t^] W accusative sufx for nouns ending in a vowel (allomorph of it, ti): Oel ngat kame. I see you. ti: [ti] W accusative adp. for pronouns and nouns: Ngati taron torukl. The toruk hunts you. ur: [uR] F dative sufx for nouns ending in a consonant, dipthong, or pseudo-vowel (allomorph of ru): Ayeylan-ur oey. To my friends. y: [j] W genitive sufx for nouns ending in a a, , e, and (allomorph of ): Oel yom Neytiri-y yerikit. I eat Neytiris yerik. (Causes vowel fronting of a in pronouns: may look like ey) ay+: [aj] F plural adp. for nouns: Ay+oe taron. We hunt. ma: [ma] M part. vocative marker: Ma tsmukan, kaltx! Yo brother, hello! me+: [mE] W dual adp. for nouns: Oel new me+narit. I want eyes. pe+: [pE] W afx inter. marker what: pe+hrr nga tayaron. What time will you hunt? pxe+: [pE] F trial adp. for nouns and pronouns: Ayoeng Pxe+veng lu. We are three children.(Note that e + e cannot be together, and so ellision occurs) Other a: [a] F adjectival attributive marker: Oel nNavi plltxe. I speak navi-ly. (Like a ikranit aean tswayon. I y the blue ikran. Navi.) tu: [tu] T direct object noun deriving afx Oe s: [s] F instrumental noun deriving afx tarontu lu. I am prey. Oel snumet nume. I learn the teaching. yu: [ju] W nominative agent noun deriving si: [si] W postpositional verb deriving afx Oe afx Oe skaayu ke lu. I am not a destroyer. kelku si m kelutral. I live in Hometree. (lit. le: [lE] F adjective deriving afx Poan I home make in Hometree.) lehrrap lu. He is dangerous. t: [tI] W noun deriving afx Tngay sltsan n: [nI] W adverbial deriving afx Oe lu. The truth is good.

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English Short-Hand Terms for Trilinear Glosses

Here is a list of the short-hand notation often used in trilinear glosses on the Forums, with some common morphemes. ACC: it. F accusative sufx for nouns ending in a consonant, dipthong, or pseudo-vowel (allomorph of ti) ACC: t. W accusative sufx for nouns ending in a vowel (allomorph of ti) ACC: ti. W accusative adp. for nouns. ADJ: le. F adjective deriving afx. ADJ M.: a. F adjectival attributive marker. ADV: n. W adverbial deriving afx. AGENT N: yu. W nominative agent noun deriving afx. CAUS: <eyk>. F E causative verbal inx in position 0 0. CLU: ng. W clusivity adp. for pronouns. DAT: ru. W dative adp. for nouns. DUAL: me+. W dual adp. for nouns. ERG: l. F ergative case sufx for nouns ending in a consonant, dipthong, or pseudovowel (allomorph of l) ERG: l. W ergative case adp. for nouns ending in a vowel. FEM: e. F feminine sufx for certain nouns. FUT: <ay>. W future tense verbal inx in position 1 1. GEN: . F genetive sufx for nouns ending in a everything but a, , e, and (allomorph of y) GEN: y. W genitive sufx for nouns ending in a a, , e, and (allomorph of ) IMM. FUT: <y>. W immediate future tense verbal inx in position 1 1. IMPF: <er>. D imperfective aspect verbal inx in position 1 1. IMPF. PAST: <arm>. W imperfective past tense verbal inx in position 1 1. IMPF. REC. PAST: <rm>. W imperfective recent past tense verbal inx in position 1 1. INST: s. T instrumental noun deriving afx. INTER: pe+. W afx inter. marker what. LAUD: <ei>. F laudative affect verbal inx in position 2 2. MASC: an. W masculine sufx for certain nouns. NMLZ: t. W nominalizer (noun-er) deriving afx. OBJ: tu. T direct object noun deriving afx. PAST: <am>. W past tense verbal inx in position 1 1. PEJ: <ng>. W pejorative verbal inx in position 2 2. PEJ: <ng>. W pejorative affect verbal inx in position 2 2. PERF: <ol>. W perfective aspect verbal inx in position 1 1. PLU: ay+. F plural adp. for nouns. REC. PAST: <m>. W recent past verbal inx in position 1 1. REFL: <p>. F E reexive verbal inx in position 0 0. SUBJ: <iv>. W subjunctive mood verbal inx in position 1 1. TOP: ri. F topical sufx for nouns ending in a consonant, dipthong, or pseudo-vowel (allomorph of ri) TOP: ri. F topical adp. for nouns ending in a vowel. V: si. W postpositional verb deriving afx. VOC: ma. F vocative particle.

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The Changelog

This is the changelog. Ive kept it in, not for translators, who should contact Tuiq, but for the reader, who would presumably like to know what Ive done. 9.635 Sorry for the poor notation: Fixed honour. Fixed ayoeng, aylaru. I keep fayvrrtep for its canonicity, and to show that this does happen. Fixed ftxan. Added toeyktng explantion, PFed txllu, added lesar useful, tse well, skxom chance, opportunity, fkxen - n. Vegetable (food), sy - adj. Bitter, yemfpay si - v. Dip into liquid, yemfpay - n. Dipping, immersion (Into a liquid), keng - adv. Even (Ex. Didnt even try),awlo - adv. Once, melo - adv. Twice, *-lo - Multplicative number sufx (Once, twice, thrice, etc), heyn - v. Sit, npxim - adv. Erectly, uprightly, pxim - adj. Erect, upright, tuvon - v. Lean, nfyao - adv. In a manner, letrrtrr - adj. Ordinary, neoio - adv. Ceremoniously, eoio - adj. Cerimonious, rk - n. Leaf, lerk - adj. leafy, awlie once, fpa top N, kllpa bottom N, mfa (either stress) inside N, ADV, wrrpa outside N, ADV, nef up (direction) ADV, zapx front (front part or section) N, kpx rear (rear part or section) N, ksatseng out there ADV. Added ftxey...fuke whether...or not, inxed yemfpay si, tuvon, heyn. Added ngaytxoa sorry!. 9.643 Added ew, kxa, nikre, pen, reo, sre, tsuksm, key throat, mouth, hair, neck, head, tooth, chin, face. Added ngng, puk stomach, book, edited nemfa to include inside.

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