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Noun Endings

Ending -al -ance/-ancy/ence/-ency -ation -ice -er/-or -graph -ian -ing -ism -ist -ity -ization -ment -ness -ogy -oid -ory -ship -sion/-tion Usage the act of doing, or the state of relating to quality, state or condition action or process of; result of condition, quality or act Example betrayal, refusal performance, infancy, prominence, urgency creation, reformation cowardice, notice

person or thing that performs the action teacher, worker, competitor, legislator a writing or record person or thing having the quality of (gerund ending) action or practice, theory or doctrine telegraph, polygraph politician, amphibian teaching, working nationalism, Hinduism

one who, or that which does or has to do nationalist, typist with state, condition or quality nouns formed from verbs; condition, act, process the product or result of; the means of relating to quality, state or condition the study of like, resembling a place for the action of the verb stem the state, condition or quality of; art or skill of action or process of; condition or state of being; result of inferiority, confidentiality harmonization, urbanization achievement, government happiness, sadness biology, geology humanoid, android dormitory, repository friendship, marksmanship rejection, completion, connection

Verb Endings
Ending Usage -ate verbs from some Latin forms -ed -en -er -fy -ing forms the simple past and past participle of regular verbs verbs formed from adjectives verbs with a habitual or repeated action cause to be or become present participle and part of progressive tenses Example fascinate, participate walked, has walked soften, weaken stutter, canter beautify, liquefy walking, is walking

-ise/-ize to cause to become, resemble; make into; to act in the manner authorize, of sympathize -s/-es ending of third person singular, present tense walks, runs

Adjective endings
Ending -al -ant -ed -ent -er -est -ful -ic -ing -istic -ite -ive -ory -ose -ous/-ious Usage relating to, having the nature of in the act or process of doing adjectives formed from nouns having the quality of comparative ending superlative ending full of, characterized by pertaining to, connected with, resembling participial form as an adjective having the qualities of, formed from derived from some Latin verbs having a tendency to or the nature of full of; like full of; having the qualities of Example trainable, flexible musical, personal vigilant, militant interested, bored dependent, resilient bigger, faster biggest, fastest beautiful, bountiful volcanic, angelic interesting, boring realistic, socialistic infinite, polite attentive, massive verbose, grandiose poisonous, anxious

-able/-ible/-ble capable of, fit for, tending to, likely to

a place or instrument for doing the main element laboratory, dormitory

Prefixes
Prefixes aid in determining the meaning of words. While some prefixes have only one meaning, others may have more than one, or there may be several prefixes with the same meaning. It is a situation that helps lead to the richness of the English vocabulary. Prefix a-/anadanteantibenebibycircumco-/col-/com/ con-/corcontradediadisUsage without to, toward, near before in time or order against, opposed to good two aside or apart from around together, with, jointly against, opposite down from, away, off across, through away from, apart Example amoral, anarchy adhere, advert antechamber, antecedent antiaircraft, antibiotic beneficial, benefactor bicycle, bipolar bystander, byproduct circumpolar, circumnavigate co-author, collaborate, combine, conspire, correspond contraception, contraband descent, declassify diagonal, diagram disconnect, disown

epiexhyperhypoil-/im-/in-/irinterintra-/intromalmicromismonomultinonoboverperipolypostpreproreretrosemisub-/suc-/suf/sup-/sussuper syl-/sym-/syntritransultraununi-

upon, above, outside, in addition epidermis, epilogue to out of, thoroughly beyond, excessive, extreme in, into, on not between, with each other within, inside of bad, evil, wrong small wrong one, alone many, much not against, in opposition above, on top of, superior around, near many after in time or order before in time or order forward, toward the front, occurring earlier back again back again, backward half, partly under, beneath above, greater, better with, together, associated with three across, through beyond, excessive, extreme not, opposed to; back one, alone exhale, exasperate hyperbole, hyperactive illegible, impolite, inoperable, irrefutable interchange, intercede intramural, introvert malformed, malignant microscope, microorganism mistake, misinformation monotone, monopoly multilingual, multiply nonentity, nonconformist objection, oblivious overactive, overdraft perimeter, perihelion polygamy, polygon postdated, postmortem predict, precaution project, prognosis redo, renew retrospective, retroactive semiconductor, semiconscious submarine, succumb, suffocate, support, suspect superfluous syllable, sympathy, synapse tricycle transform, transfuse ultramarine, ultraviolet unavoidable; undo unicorn, uniform

under, beneath, down, less than hypodermic, hypothesis

There are many words that have noun, verb, adjective, and adverb forms. A few of these word form families are given in the chart below as examples. Any good dictionary will give you the various forms of a word. noun beauty creation verb beautify create adjective beautiful creative adverb beautifully creatively nationally naturally noticeably sadly

competition/competitor compete management/manager manage nature notice sadness significance

competitive competitively manageable manageably

nationalist/nationalism nationalize national naturalize natural notice sadden signify noticeable sad

significant significantly

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