Enhancing IRRIs Power To Do Good

William G. Padolina 29 September 2011

The ability to do great good rarely comes without some power to do harm
Amartya Sen, Whats the point of press freedom? 03 May 2004

The Better World in Agriculture:

Preparedness Resilience

WGPs assignments over 12 years 01 February 1999- present

External Relations Partnerships Operations and Support Services Operations

Coverage
Agricultural Research in perspective Challenges faced
CG change management process GRiSP

Some Unsolicited Advice

Smart Partnerships IPR Communications Some research areas

Source: Chapter 1: Towards an Appropriate Level of Agricultural Research Finance, p. 6 Financing Agricultural Research: A Sourcebook Steven R. Tabor Willem Janssen Hilarion Bruneau ISNAR, April 1998

Agriculture-for-development

World Development Report 2008

Mission:
Reduce poverty and hunger, Improve the health of rice farmers and consumers, Ensure environmental sustainability through research, partnerships

Philippines Rice Production: 1960 - 2010

From 2.5 M tons per year to 11 M tons per year!

Source of basic data: USDA PSD online

Achievements
Downward trend in prices contributed to increase in food entitlement of low-income people, and thereby to reduction in poverty
Trend in world rice price, 1976-2004

US$/ton

700 600 500 400 300 200 100 17 96 18 90 18 94 18 98 19 92 19 96 20 00 20 04 0

Year

Hossain, 2005

Monday, July 02, 1973

Rice is life
itself in Southeast Asia, and this year, there is not enough to go around. Last years bad weather has turned the regions usual bare sufficiency into severe shortage. The result: smuggling, hoarding, soaring prices and hungry people.

Towards understanding the present

Towards understanding the present

Most of the undernourished people are in Asian and the Pacific

Annual growth in global food production, consumption and trade

Volatility of international grain prices

Time, 28 Feb. 2011 p.11

Returns from agric R&D are long-lived, but start with a delay

Anderson 2008

The challenges as we move forward

Challenge No. 1
1. CG change management process
Governance
External Internal

Funding
Levels Character Sources

The Former Structure of the CGIAR

Consultative Group
WB, IFAD, Countries, Foundations, Others Unrestricted contributions
SYSTEM OFFICES

IA, ICT, IP, Gender, Communications

Unrestricted contributions

Secretariat

ExCo
AGM

Science Council
Secretariat Standing Panels

Challenge Programs

Alliance
Centers

HCP

WCP

GCP

CIAT

CIMMYT

ICRISAT

ICARDA

IFPRI

IRRI

CIFOR

ILRI

IWMI

WAF

BI

WFC

AR

IITA

CIP

Key

= Fund flows

Source: Hartmann (adapted from Independent Review Study)

Bilateral Projects

= =

Net Addition Replacement or Partial Addition

The New Structure of the CGIAR

Consultative Group
WB, IFAD, Countries, Foundations, Others

Science and Partnership Council

GCARD
EVALUATION UNIT
6 year Strategy and 6 year Strategy and Results Framework Results Framework

Oversight

CONSORTIUM
BOARD Consortium CEO
System Offices
Center Performance Agreements

FUND
FUNDER SUMMIT

Management Layer

FUND COUNCIL Accountability:

Contract office

Program Performance Contracts Centers and Challenge Programs

Fund Mgmt Unit

Bilateral Projects

CIAT IWMI

CIMMYT ICRISAT ICARDA WAF BI WFC CCP

IFPRI AR GCP

IRRI IITA HCP

CIFOR CIP WCP

ILRI

Challenge Programs:

Key

= Fund flows

Source: Hartmann (adapted from Independent Review Study)

Challenge No. 2
2. GRiSP
Lead Center Research partners NARES Civil society Host country

CGIAR Research Program (CRP) 3.3.

Global Rice Science Partnership (GRiSP)

Each dot represents 5,000 ha of rice

Irrigated Rainfed lowland Rainfed upland

An evolving alliance of IRRI, AfricaRice & CIAT with Cirad, IRD, JIRCAS and hundreds of research and development partners worldwide

GRiSP Approach
Vision of success with quantitative impact targets for 10 and 25 years 5-yr strategic assessment of research priorities 5-yr work & business plan with annual revisions Six R&D themes that address three strategic objectives
94 R&D Products clustered in 26 global or regional R&D Product lines (families of products/deliverables; each >$3 million/yr)

New frontiers research fund Science capacity building fund Funding:

Starting with about $100 million/yr through CGIAR Fund and bilateral grants (public + private); +10% annual growth Additional co-investments by partners

GRiSP R&D Themes

15-20%
1 Genetic Resources

25-30%
2 New Varieties

20-30%
3 Production Systems

5-10%
4 New Products & Value Chains
Pro du ct

5-10%
5 Targeting & Policy
an d

10%
6 Regional Delivery
Regional/National Initiatives - System solutions - Public & private partners

2.4. HY irrigated rice 2.5. Hybrid rice Global and Regional R&D Product Lines 2.6. Healthier rice Partners
Milestones

Pr o

2.3. Stress-tol. rice

Activities

Products

du ct

2.2. Improved traits

de ma nd

for target regions

de m

2.1. Informatics and MET

Outcomes
( Regional)

Impact

Outcome-driven innovation through interdisciplinary, productoriented R&D in GRiSP

GRiSP
GRiSP PPMT

IRRI
DDG (Research)

GRiSP Theme Coordinators (Global, regional)

Genetic Diversity PL Program 1 Head GRC Head C4C

Varietal Improvement PL Program 2 & Head PBGB

Sustainable Production Systems PL Program 3 & Head CESD

Value Addition PL Program 4 & Head GQNC

Targeting and Policy PL Program 5 & Head SSD

Rice Sector Development PL Program 6 & Head TC

GRiSP Product Development Leaders/Focal Point

Product Line

PTL Product x PTL Product y PTL Product .. PC (Restricted grant, consortium,...)

Each IRRI scientist contributes time to 1-5 GRiSP products, often across 2-3 Themes (Programs)

Consortia/Networks/Regional initiatives
C4 Rice Consortium (main activities in Pr. 1) INGER (International Network for Genetic Evaluation of Rice, main activities in Pr. 2) HRDC (Hybrid Rice Development Consortium, main activities in Pr. 2) TRRC (Temperate Rice Research Consortium, main activities in Pr. 2) STRASA (Stress-Tolerant Rice for Africa and South Asia, main activities in Pr. 2, 5, and 6) IRRC (Irrigated Rice Research Consortium, main activities in Pr. 3, 4, 5, and 6) CURE (Consortium for Unfavorable Rice Environments, main activities in Pr. 2, 3, 5, and 6 CSISA (Cereal Systems Initiative for South Asia, main activities in Pr. 2, 3, 5, and 6; formerly the Rice-Wheat Consortium) INQR (International Network for Quality Rice, main activities in Pr. 4)

Governance is the issue

The way forward some unsolicited advice

SMART PARTNERSHIPS

Smart Partnerships
Shared goals Effective communication/coordination Respect for differences/consensus building Appropriate organizational structure and controls/processes to facilitate communication and transactions Continuous evaluation
Understanding others and understanding oneself

Agility and flexibility

IRRIs Partners
53 37 12 23 103

ARI/Univ. NARES Natl./State Univ. CSO Gov. Org. Intl./Reg. Organ. CGIAR
214

66

Private Sector (intl.) Private Sector (local)

78

80

Direct research partners: 328 Development partners: 312 Other partners: 26

S Asia SE Asia E Asia CWANA Africa

285 154 66 13 22

Europe LAC N America Oceania

56 15 44 11

Intra- and intercontinental movement of elite rice germplasm through INGER from 1975-2003 (*from 1996-2003 only). LATIN AMERICA OCEANIA* EUROPE 2,312 51 273 10,894 33 32,675

> 46,700
36,308 45,683

133

26 NORTH AMERICA* 1,576

19,126

ASIA

AFRICA

External Partnerships (1)

Donor relations
Reassure traditional donors Attract non-traditional donors Develop an inarguable case for unrestricted funding
No place in GRiSP?

Other CG Centers
Cropping systems approach

International Agriculture Research Centers of the CGIAR

IFPRI Wash. DC USA ICARDA Aleppo Syrian Arab Rep. ICRISAT Patancheru India IRRI Los Baos Philippines

Bioversity Intl, Rome Italy IITA Ibadan Nigeria

WorldFish Penang Malaysia

CIMMYT Mexico City Mexico ILRI Nairobi Kenya CIAT Cali Colombia

CIP Lima Peru

IWMI Colombo Sri Lanka

CIFOR Bogor Indonesia World Agroforestry Nairobi Kenya

Africa Rice Center-WARDA Cotonou Benin

Source: www.cgiar.org

External Partnerships (2)

NARES
IRRI as big brother no longer Partner and beneficiary Community level

Private sector
Win-Win ??? IRRI go into business OR private sector join in philanthropy???

External Partnerships (3)

NGOs
Convince of common cause

Farmers
Ultimate judge of our success

Consumers
Ultimate beneficiary of our efforts

External Partnerships (4)

Host country
GRiSP-relevant Strengthen linkages
Research Extension Community UP

Timeliness of Interventions Catching up

Technology blending Heterogeneity of communities Agility and flexibility

Global Partnerships must enable access to technologies

Costs Territorial Nature of Regulatory Systems--Predictable Legal Environment Institutional Requirements Capacity Building

Internal Partnerships
IRS-NRS IRS-IRS Research staff-research staff Between research and admin Between research and support services
Including outsourced

Between support services and admin Support services-support services Admin- admin

A multicultural institution

IRRIs breeding process: the value of collaboration

Team IRRI

Internal Procedures
Complete Staff Work (CSW) to facilitate action and guide decision-making Protocols are important
Sometimes short-circuited due to aversion to bureaucratic procedures
Biosafety Bioprospecting SHU Staff recruitment, visitors

Issues of turf

IPR in Partnerships
Ownership of output/products Models
The in-trust responsibilities Arrangements with restrictions Humanitarian license

Benefit sharing and access Revenue PIPRA and EAGLES

General Principles Access

Intellectual Assets will be kept as freely available as possible to any public or private sector entity.
e.g. Germplasm, inventions, data, processes, technologies, trademarks, publications

Publication to destroy novelty

No misappropriation and misrepresentation Subject to contractual provisions

Protect of IP assets or impose restriction on use by others provided consistent with IRRIs mandate and international agreements

General Principles Benefits

Primary beneficiaries of research and training are the rice farmers and consumers, especially in developing countries Revenue generated from management of IP will support research and capacity-building programs of IRRI and its national partners

General Principles Stewardship

Devise, maintain and monitor employee policies on IPR Monitor agreements governing relationships with collaborators and visitors IRRI will be assignee or co-assignee of protected IP while recognizing individual scientists as inventors/authors

Other Key Principles

Ensure full transparency Products jointly developed will be made available to private and public sector Avoid arrangements with high reputational and financial risks IRRI will not endorse or promote private sector products or services IRRI will not engage in activities that could lead to negative internalities or externalities such as negative impact on the environment and health. An ex-ante assessment will be conducted. A written agreement will govern the scope and details of collaboration between IRRI and partners.

Communications:Sustaining Partnerships
Communications strategy
Strengthen Internal Communications Strategically expand External communications

Engage in Communications research to document best practice

In February, 1999
IRRI was still printing books only with
pressruns of 1,000-2,000 copies IRRI barely had a Web site IRRI had no electronic books on Google Book Search, photos on Flickr, or videos on YouTube because they didnt exist There were no social media such as Facebook, Twitter, or Scribdindeed the term social media had not been even coined yet!
Hettel, 2011

Enter

And a new way of thinking about production and distribution of IRRIs information products and media Hettel, 2011 assets!

IRRIs Previous Copyright Policy for 46 yearsuntil 2006!

All publications, photographs, databases, and software are protected by copyright in accordance with normal publishing practice, i.e., all rights reserved.

Hettel, 2011

New policy announced by IRRI Board of Trustees, Sept. 2006

IRRI will release its information products (software, documents, multimedia, data), as much as possible, under a suitable open content license. Such license shall allow copying, distribution, and (usually) the creation of derivative products, prohibit commercialization, and require attribution as well as the release of derivative products under the same license as the original product was released by IRRI, hence, some rights reserved.
Hettel, 2011

Enter

Anyone may now obtain, repurpose, and distribute IRRI publications, photos, and videos with proper attribution using a Creative Commons license.
Hettel, 2011

Online resources under cc umbrella

Hettel, 2011

Online resources under cc umbrella

Analytics for New irri.org since 1 Oct. 2010

Hettel, 2011

Online resources under cc umbrella

Hettel, 2011

Online resources under cc umbrella

Since January 2007: 35,950 images uploaded with nearly 2.1 million views; about 1,500 views per day. Hettel, 2011

Online resources under cc umbrella

http://books.irri.org
Books on Google Book Search . IRRI is one of the few publishers that provides 100% fulltext viewing and was among the very first to provide download access to the entire publication. Hettel, 2011

Online resources under cc umbrella

Since January 2008, the 387 IRRI booksnew and oldon Google have generated 968,095 book visits and around 12.3 million page views!sure beats hard copy pressruns of 1,000-2,000!

Book views: 20,803 Page views: 353,257 PDF downloads: 1,340 Published: 1986

This goes to show that digitized titles, which have not seen the light of day for years, can still have value and useful information to reveal.

Book views: 44,606 Page views: 814,294 PDF downloads: 3,725 Published: 1981

Hettel, 2011

Online resources under cc umbrella

http://www.youtube.com/irrivideo

To date, 375 IRRI videos uploaded on YouTube have had around 405,000 total views; in recent times about 4,000 views weekly.
Hettel, 2011

Online resources under cc umbrella

Item
IRPS IRRC-IRRI Weedsmart IRRI-IRRI Ripple IRRN Related Literature IRRI Brochure IRRI Resources on Climate Change Reports IRRI Booklet Annual report Rice Today Discussion paper series Technical Bulletin PETRRA Limited Proceedings

Uploads
40 9 25 1 43 4 3 5 2 1 21 33 46 22 10 8

Total views
403 351 1,826 105 12,966 1,520 291 6,007 489 573 2,904 28,741 22,116 4,631 5,811 6,381

Grand total

273

95,115

Hettel, 2011

Creative Commons: the pot of gold for users of rice information around the world!

Something all centers in the new CGIAR should adopt!

Hettel, 2011

However, even with all of these achievements, there is still a lot of work to be done.

Communication OUs need consolidation & focus

Not to mention communication specialists spread across the Research-side OUs

Hettel, 2011

Communicating the Three Reductions

Rice Knowledge Bank

Real-time crop monitoring service

Digital elevation model

Data Processing

SAR Data

- Acreage at emergence - Growth stages

- Crop calendar - Administrative units

Agro Meteorological Model

Meteo data Soil data Phenological data Management data

Rice Figures

- Yield prediction - Harvest time

Acreage

Production
Yield

Production

Toll Free Mobile Phone Application For Fertilizer Recommendations

1. Call toll-free number IVR implementation box 2. Capture information with voice recording and phone key pad 3. Transmit information to NM Rice program

5. Transmit SMS message to farmer

4. Process information and develop SMS message

Totally automated: No phone operator required

National/Global Rice Information Gateways

Crop growth model Medium-term projections Policy makers Analysis of policy impacts Monitoring Rice supply- and shortdemand-trade term model forecasting

Statistics, GIS Remote sensing

Appropriate farmer-friendly communication tools

Research Areas: Some suggestions

Secondary metabolism of the rice plant Vitamins and medicinals from vegetative parts Biotic interactions Communications research Return farming systems- The aggregate response--Exit strategy for rural folks- how to make non-farm incomegenerating activities as part of the rice-based farming system; integrating rice-farming into highvalue agriculture, decentralizing nonfarm economic activity to rural areas, and providing assistance to help move people out of agriculture.(WDR2008); Palayamanan Food safety

Biocides Flavour Preservatives

Fragrance

Metabolites

Nutraceuticals

Biomarkers Drug Leads

Cited by R. Hall, 2007

Nutritional value

Secondary metabolites responsible for color of rice grains

Juliano, 2007

Secondary metabolites responsible for aroma of rice and other cereals

Juliano, 2007

Entry point

Raise system productivity, efficiency (land, water, labor) and resilience

Sustainable systems with reduced environmental footprint

Raise income

Improve food security, income, health, and nutrition

Diversification becomes an option Investments in sustainable practices become attractive

Food safety

Food Microbiology 26 (2009) 2731

Food safety

RESULTS The recoveries were determined on spiked rice extracts. Depending on the rice matrix the recoveries were 99.7 %,97.5 %, 98.5 % and 90.1 % for the aflatoxins B1, B2, G1and G2 respectively. In 24 out of 80 samples aflatoxin B1 could be detected whereas aflatoxin B2 was found in 14 samples. Additionally traces of aflatoxin B2 and G1 were detected in one sample. Aflatoxin B1 could be quantified in 16 samples and aflatoxin B2 in 3 samples. The contamination was ranging from 0.45 ng g-1 to 9.4 ng g-1 for aflatoxin B1 and 0.3 ng g-1 to 1.41 ng g-1 for aflatoxin B2 respectively. Two samples exceeded the maximum levels and 3 organic samples were contaminated with aflatoxins.

Truly an adventure towards ensuring that IRRI continues to use its great power to do good.

Acknowledgements
Atty. Jim Jimenez Gerard Barry Gene Hettel Ramon Oliveros Jojo Lapitan Yuan Custodio Salvie Marinas

SALAMAT PO