Smoking Habits of Students

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 Smoking Habits of Students

CONTENTS
Smoking Habits among Students

1. INTRODUCTION 03

a. Indian Cigarette Industry

b. Capacity and Production
c. Marketing Research
d. Major Cigarette Players in India and their Brands
e. Facts about Indian Cigarette Industry

2. THE SURVEY

3. OBJECTIVES OF SURVEY

4. WHO CAN USE THIS SURVEY

5. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

a. Research Problem
b. Research Design

6. QUESTIONNAIRE FORMAT

a. Measurement and Scaling Technique

7. QUESTION ORIENTATION and

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION
OF RESPONSES TO EACH QUESTION

a. About Questionnaire

8. TEST OF HYPOTHESIS

a. Hypothesis
b. Significance Level
c. Critical Region
d. Test Static
e. Computation of Values
f. Calculation of Standard Deviation
g. Calculation of ‘Z’
h. Conclusion of Hypothesis Test

9. MAJOR FINDINGS

10. CONCLUSION

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Smoking Habits of Students

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 Smoking Habits among Students

INTRODUCTION
Smoking Habits among Students

WARNING: CIGARETTE SMOKING IS INJURIOUS TO

HEALTH

Indian Cigarette Industry

The cigarette industry is one of the oldest industries in India. It is an important agro
based industry. It is highly labour intensive & provides livelihood to about 5 million people
directly and indirectly.

Cigarette is an item falling under the First Schedule to the Industries (Development &
Regulation) Act, 1951 and requires an industrial license.

Cigarette industry in India is essentially capital intensive in nature. The growth of

cigarette industry both in domestic and international market represents a big revenue
opportunity for the economy. But the burden of Tobacco tax has increasingly shifted to
cigarette with the removal of duty on raw Tobacco since 1979, resulting in discriminatory
rates of duty compared to other Tobacco products.

India's share in world cigarette production has remained at around 1.7% whereas India's
exports of around 2.8 billion sticks of cigarette per year amounts for less than 1% of the
world export of cigarette. There is significant opportunity for cigarette industry to extent
and consolidated its position in intentional market due to some recent trend like
withdrawal/reduction of agricultural subsidy and escalating cost in the traditional
cigarette exporting countries.

Capacity and Production

At present, there are 19 units in the organised sector engaged in the manufacture of
cigarettes with a total installed capacity of about 147.38 billion pieces per annum. The
production of cigarettes during 2003-2004 was 49269 million sticks. During the current year

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 Smoking Habits among Students

i.e. 2004-05, the production (upto November) has been 33145.13 million sticks.

Marketing Research
Research connotes a systematic and objective investigation of a subject or problem in order
to discover relevant information or principles and analyzing those information for marketing
decision making.

With increasing market dynamics marketing research has become vital and R&D process has
gained its relevance in big and small organizations.

With this project we have taken up a market survey considering each and every aspect of
marketing research viz. collection of data and analyzing it to make marketing decisions.

Major Cigarette Players in India and their Brands

Non-filter- Non-filter-
- Filter-Premium Filter-Medium Filter-Lower Higher Lower
India Kings, Classic kings, Gold
Flake Honey Dew, Gold Flake
Lights, Classic Milds, Classic
ITC Wills Filter King Gold Flake, Bristol Scissors Hero
Ultra Milds, India Kings, Benson
& Hedges, Benson & Hedges
Lights, 555 State Express
Four Square Red & White, Cavenders
Four Square Kings,
GPI Rothmans , Jaisalmer Premium, Red & Cavenders Medium
Red & White Kings
White. Gold, Leaf Plain
Charminar
VST Kingston, Burton, Legend Charms Mini Kings Charms Filter -
Gold
GTC Chancellor Brown Panama Filter King Panama Filter Flair Panama

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 Smoking Habits among Students

FACTS ABOUT INDIAN CIGARETTE INDUSTRY

In the medium term, cigarette consumption in India is expected to grow by 12 percent

annually on account of the higher personal disposable income.

Cigarette consumption has fallen from 103 billion sticks in 199798 to around 86 billion sticks
in 200102, an annual drop of around 3.5 percent. However, in 200203, demand grew by
around 5 percent to 90 billion sticks, triggered mainly by the marginal shift from bidis to
cigarette. In coming year it is estimated to have an increase of 23 percent.

Government regulations in the form high excise duties and restrictions on advertisements
continue to have an adverse impact on the industry.

The increasing sale of smuggled cigarettes poses a challenge to Indian Players.

Contraband trade of cigarettes is estimated to cost Rs. 20 billion in the form of loss of tax
revenue and unaccounted flow of foreign exchange.

Source: CRIS INFAC ANALYSIS

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 Smoking Habits among Students

THE SURVEY
Smoking Habits among Students

WARNING: CIGARETTE SMOKING IS INJURIOUS TO

HEALTH

We always find this warning labeled on the cigarette packs. Instead of this cigarettes are
being consumed.

The use of tobacco as cigarettes is a phenomenon predominating the 21st century. Due to
the large variety of diseases caused by smoking now it has taken a form of epidemic. The
major diseases caused due to smoking are cardio vascular diseases, respiratory diseases,
atherosclerosis or narrowing of arteries, lung cancer and cancer of oral cavity etc. The
smokers are 3 to 4 times more prone to heart diseases than non smokers and 90% lung
cancer deaths are due to smoking.

The present scenario of health and social risks due to smoking is a challenge in the 21st
century. Unless it is not managed properly and in time it will become an uncontrollable
behavior leading to long term health and social problems all over the world.

We thought can we introduce a cigarette in a market which is non-injurious to health means

a cigarette which do not result in any type of health hazard to the students as students are
the future of our nation.

Thus we found it very genuine to conduct a survey among the students of different colleges
including smokers and non-smokers in order to study various aspects of cigarette smoking
habits.

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 Smoking Habits among Students

OBJECTIVES OF THE SURVEY

Smoking Habits among Students

Apart from a learning objective, to know how a survey is being done, the analysis of the

data is carried out the major objectives of this survey can be summed up as:

1. To find out the background of smokers (Students).

2. To assess monthly expenditure on smoking.

3. To find out the most vulnerable age of smoking.

4. To find out the major reasons of smoking among Students

5. To find out the market feasibility of a Cigarette which is non-

injurious to health but provides reasonable level of satisfaction

(Hypothesis Testing).

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 Smoking Habits among Students

WHO CAN USE THIS SURVEY

Smoking Habits among Students

This survey has been a part of study and a sincere effort in finding out basic reasons of

smoking habits among college students. The various finding and analyses of this study

can be put into use to study further into this topic.

This study can be used by the following individuals and institutions:

1. Government Officials – Government officials can use this study for various

policies making. It can be put into use to provide better regulations on Tobacco

(Cigarette) consumption by students.

2. Tobacco Companies – This survey and its analysis can help those companies who

are engaged in cigarette production. With the help of this survey they can know the

prevailing trends of smoking among students a major target market for them so as

to provide better quality products by studying the personal traits of smokers.

3. NGOs – Non-Government Organizations which are engaged in proving awareness

about smoking among students can also this survey study. This may be help for

them to know basic reasons which leads students into smoking.

4. Further Researchers – This study can be taken as the base study and a source of

information for further studies in the related fields.

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 Smoking Habits among Students

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Smoking Habits among Students

Research Problem
With increasing trends of smoking among students we thought it can be useful to study the

behavior and various aspects due to which college students engaged in smoking.

Also a market study is done to check the feasibility of a cigarette which is non-

injurious to health and provides a reasonable level of satisfaction.

Research Design
The research design includes the overall research structure i.e. how the research has been

conducted in each phase.

This research is been conducted as a part of original study about the smoking habits among

students. Data of 361 students have been collected through questionnaire consist of

several questions to know personal opinions of the respondents about smoking related

traits.

The data has been analyzed through various statistical tools viz. correlation, hypothesis

testing etc.

The report has been prepared in the detail format including all computations of the values

generated from the data collected.

The data is then entered in the computer system with a help of a software system

designed by us in Visual Basic 6.0.

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 Smoking Habits among Students

QUESTIONNAIRE FORMAT
Smoking Habits among Students

Questionnaire
This survey is a part of a study. Please fill this form will full sincerity and
be a part of a Revolution

Do you smoke?
Regularly Occasionally Tried Once/Twice No

If yes, at what age you started smoking _________ years

Who is your favorite hero?
Shahrukh Khan John Abrahim Salman Khan Amir Khan Other_______

Where do you spend most of your free time?

Roaming with Friends Watching Movies Club-Disco With Family

What do you think how people get cigarettes?

Buy Them Borrow from Friends Stole Them Other Way

How much pocket money do you get per month?

100300 300600 600900 More Then 900

On Which items do you spent the most of your money?

Clothing Entertainment Food Stuff Other_______

What do you think how much money people generally spent on smoking per month?
300-600 600-900 900-1100 1100-1300 1300-1500 More then 1500

What do you think what makes people start smoking?

Friends Celebrities Depression To be Stylish

What do you think is there any advantage that smokers have on nonsmokers?
Attractive & have more Can Influence others easily No Advantage
Girlfriends/Boyfriends

What is your opinion about a well body build person?

Manly & Masculine Handsome More Confident No opinion

What do you think at what times people feel smoking the most?
In Tension Special Occasion To avoid Loneliness After having food No Specific Time

What do you think people once started smoking can quit it easily?
Yes Tries but fails Leaves for times period Can’t quit

When you see someone smoking what do you think of him?

More Confident Stupid Successful Cool-Dude No Opinion
r
If a kind of a cigarette comes which is not injurious to health but gives you a reasonable
level of satisfaction would you use it?
Yes No

How old are you?

15-17 17-19 19-21 21-23 23-25 25 & Older

` What is your gender?

Male Female

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 Smoking Habits among Students

Measurement and Scaling Technique

For scaling and ranking Paired Ranking Method is being used. Each option of the
Questionnaire has been given a rank from 1-4 according to the responses given to question
in respect of question no. 15 as YES.

Questionnaire
This survey is a part of a study. Please fill this form will full sincerity and
be a part of a Revolution

Do you smoke?
Regularly(4) Occasionally(3) Tried Once/Twice(1) No(1)

If yes, at what age you started smoking _________ years

Who is your favorite hero?
Shahrukh Khan(4) John Abrahim(3) Salman Khan(2) Amir Khan(1) Other_______(1)

Where do you spend most of your free time?

Roaming with Friend(4)s Watching Movies(3) Club-Disco(1) With Family(2)

What do you think how people get cigarettes?

Buy Them(4) Borrow from Friends(4) Stole Them(4) Other Way(2)

How much pocket money do you get per month?

100-300(1) 300-600(2) 600-900(4) More Then 900(3)

On Which items do you spent the most of your money?

Clothing(3) Entertainment(4) Food Stuff(2) Other_______(1)

What do you think how much money people generally spent on smoking per month?
300-600(2) 600-900(4) 9001100(3) 11001300(1) 13001500(1) More then 1500(1)

What do you think what makes people start smoking?

Friends(3) Celebrities(2) Depression (1) To be Stylish(3)

What do you think is there any advantage that smokers have on nonsmokers?
Attractive & have more Can Influence others easily No Advantage
Girlfriends/Boyfriends

What is your opinion about a well body build person?

Manly & Masculine Handsome More Confident No opinion

What do you think at what times people feel smoking the most?
In Tension(1) Special Occasion(4) To avoid Loneliness(2) After having food(3) No Specific Time(4)

What do you think people once started smoking can quit it easily?
Yes(2) Tries but fails(3) Leaves for times period(1) Can’t quit(4)

When you see someone smoking what do you think of him?

More Confident Stupid Successful Cool-Dude No Opinion
r
If a kind of a cigarette comes which is not injurious to health but gives you a reasonable
level of satisfaction would you use it?
Yes No

How old are you?

15-17 17-19 19-21 21-23 23-25 25 & Older

` What is your gender?

Male Female

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Smoking Habits among Students

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 Smoking Habits among Students

QUESTION ORIENTATION
and
GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION
OF RESPONSES TO EACH QUESTION

About Questionnaire
Questionnaire has been designed keeping in view each and every aspect of designing a
Questionnaire. Direct as well as indirect questions are included so as to provide checks to
those questionnaires which seem to be invalid.

Also before providing final option for each question in the questionnaire a small survey
has been conducted including 10 students (5 smokes and 5 non-smokes) about their
views and then by choosing the best alternatives and options has been provided.

The questionnaire includes 17 questions ranging from study related to personal

questions. The questionnaire has been designed in such a way that smokers as well as
non-smokers can also provide their general perception about smoking habits.

Why Pie Chart?

Pie Chart is the most appropriate for representing division of the total value in terms of
percentage in graphical form.

To calculate the degree and measure of each response:

Percentage = no. of responses / 361

Degree = Percentage of each response / 3.6

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 Smoking Habits among Students

Do you smoke?

This question is the very basic question on which the research is based. The question is
placed on the first position so as the respondent comes to know subject of study at the
very inception. The options are:

The options are:

1. Regularly - Which means 5 or more cigarettes every day.

2. Occasionally - Which implies specific occasion on different days of a week of

different days of month. For ex. 5 times in a month

3. Tried Once/Twice - These respondents are the starters and have taken only one or

two puffs sometime.

4. No - This option is for those who don’t smoke.

29% Regularly
46% Occasionally
Tried Once/Twice
15% No
10%

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 Smoking Habits among Students

At What Age You Started Smoking?

This question is only valid for smokers only. The question ask respondent about the age
at which they started smoking. By this we can conclude the most vulnerable age for
starting smoking.

The data will be useful in finding correlation with other smoking habits also.

Following chart shows the various responses to the question:

23 2
22 2
21 8
20 7
19 17
18 35
AGE

17 24
16 37
15 21
14 13
13 16
12 11

0 10 20 30 40
No. of Responses

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 Smoking Habits among Students

Who is your favorite hero?

This question is an indirect question about the favorite hero of the respondent. The
question has been put up to find out influence of celebrities over smoking habits of
students and to find out relation between favorite hero and frequency of smoking.

The options are :

1. ShahRuk Khan, John Abrahim & Salman Khan: These icons are chain smokers
and have been kept to find out their influence on the respondent.

2. Amir Khan: He is a nonsmoker hero.

17% 1% ShahRuk Khan

38% John Abrahim
Salman Khan
18%
Amir Khan
26% Others

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 Smoking Habits among Students

Where do you spend most of your free time?

This question is also an indirect question asking about where the respondent sends their
free time. Through this question we wanted two find out a cprelation between the
smoking habits and the place where people send most of their free time.

The responses will also reveal that how much they are influenced by style factor when
they smoke.

The options are:

1. Roaming with Friends- if a respondent a smoker and ticks this option he might
be influenced by friends.
2. Watching Movies – if a respondent a smoker and ticks this option he might be
influenced by film stars.
3. Club-Disco - if a respondent a smoker and ticks this option he might be
influenced by style factor.
4. With Family - if a respondent a smoker and ticks this option he might be
influenced by some member of his family (father etc.).

Roaming with
Friends
20%
Watching Movies
5%
50% Club-Disco
25%
With Family

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 Smoking Habits among Students

What do you think how people get cigarettes?

This question is about how people get cigarette. And also is related with the market
dimension of the study. The question is asked to check the responses in relation to many
other cigarette consuming habits.

For Ex: How many regular smokers buy cigarettes or borrow from friends or other
options.

The options are:

1. Buy them
2. Borrow from friends
3. Stole them
4. Other way

Buy Them
3% 7%
18% Borrow from
Friends
Stole Them
72%
OtherWay

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 Smoking Habits among Students

How much pocket money do you get per month?

The question has been put up to find out the relation between the amount of pocket
money students get and the money spent on cigarette. The responses can further be
useful in segmentation of the market for the new cigarette.

Options for this question are:

1. 100300
2. 300600
3. 600900
4. More Than 900

The options have been chosen in a wide range to include all categories of students
ranging from Regular to Tried once/twice and from Lower middle class to higher class.

12%
100-300
33%
23% 300-600
600-900
More Than 900
32%

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 Smoking Habits among Students

On Which items do you spent the most of your money?

This is also an indirect question to check a correlation between the items on which the
students spent most of their money and the smoking habit.

Options are:

1. Clothing
2. Entertainment
3. Food Stuff
4. Other

This question is an mixed option question which also include an open end which implies if
respondent don’t find his choice in the options given he can write his own.

0% 22% Clothing
41%
Entertainment
Food Stuf
Other
37%

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 Smoking Habits among Students

What do you think how much money people generally

spent on smoking per month?

Thorough this question we have directly asked respondent personal opinion related to the
expenditure on cigarette purchasing per month.

The question is framed in the manner so that nonsmoker can also give their personal
opinion with their knowledge.

Options are:

1. 300600
2. 600900
3. 9001100
4. 11001300
5. 13001500
6. More than 1500

1%
3%
300-600
6% 600-900
29%
21% 900-1100
1100-1300

40% 1300-1500
More than 1500

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 Smoking Habits among Students

What do you think what makes people start smoking?

This question directly asks about the different reasons because of which the students
start smoking.

This question can also be correlated with many other questions such as age, favorite
hero. Expenditure etc.

The Options are:

1. Friends – Those who are smokers and have picked this option are definitely
influenced by their friends
2. Celebrities - Those who are smokers and have picked this option are definitely
influenced by the celebrities.
3. Depression - Those who are smokers and have picked this option are definitely
influenced by bad incidents and failures.
4. To be Stylish – These people are definitely are influenced by style factor to start
smoking.

Friends
38% 36%
Celebrities
Depression
To be Stylish
13% 13%

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 Smoking Habits among Students

What do you think is there any advantage that smokers

have on nonsmokers?

This question is an indirect question to find to is there any advantage smoker enjoys over
nonsmokers.

Also to find out the correlation between this and what people think of smokers when they
see them smoking.

The Options are:

1. Attractive & Have more girlfriend/boyfriend

2. Can influence
3. No Advantage

Attractive & Have

more
girlfriends/boyfrien
9% 7% ds
Can influence
other easily

84%
No Advantage

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 Smoking Habits among Students

What is your opinion about a well body build person?

This is an indirect question to find out the influences of different traits of persons in
relation to cigarette smoking.

The options are:

1. Manly & Masculine

2. Handsome
3. More Confident
4. No Opinion

Manly &
masculine
25% 15%
Handsome

More Confident
33%
27%
No Opinion

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 Smoking Habits among Students

What do you think at what times people feel smoking

the most?

This question directly asked about he specific time on which smokers feel like smoking
the most. The responses can be used to find out the correlation between options of do
you smoke and this question.

For Ex: How many occasionally smokers have chosen no specific time or special occasion
option in this question.

The options are:

1. In Tension
2. Special Occasion
3. To Avoid Loneliness
4. After Having Food

In Tension

Special Occasion
23%
35%
To avoid
7% loneliness

18% 17% After Having food

No Specific time

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 Smoking Habits among Students

What do you think people once started smoking can quit

it easily?

It is a direct question to know the personal opinion of the respondents that is it possible
for smokers to quit smoking or not.

It may be also possible for them to leaves for a time period or they tried but failed.

The options are:

1. Yes
2. Tries but fails
3. Leaves for a time period
4. Can’t Quit

Yes

19%
36% Tries but falis

Leaves for times

25% period
20%
Can't quit

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 Smoking Habits among Students

When you see someone smoking what do you think of

him?

This question is an indirect question to know the perception of the respondent when they
see somebody smoking.

Also to know indirectly what to smokers think of themselves smoking.

The options are:

1. More confident
2. Stupid
3. Successful
4. Cool-Dude
5. No Opinion

6% More confident
43% Stupid
34%
Successful
Cool-Dude
15% 2% No Opinion

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 Smoking Habits among Students

If a kind of a cigarette comes which is not injurious to

health but gives you a reasonable level of satisfaction
would you use it?

This is the main question related to the hypothesis testing. Through this question we
want to know the market feasibility of the cigarette which is non-injurious to health and
give a reasonable level of satisfaction.

If the respondent chose the YES option means they are wiling to try the hypnotized
cigarette and if NO means not wiling to try it.

47% Yes

53% No

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 Smoking Habits among Students

How old are you?

This is the personal question about the age of the respondent.

15-17
17% 3% 4% 10%
17-19
19-21
21-23
34%
32% 23-25
25 & above

What is your gender?

19%

Male
Female

81%

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 Smoking Habits among Students

TEST OF HYPOTHESIS
Smoking Habits among Students

Hypothesis

A Hypothesis is an assumption to be tested. Hypothesis tests are widely used in business

and industry for making decisions. We have included q1, q6, q8, q12 in out hypothesis
testing.

If a kind of a Cigarette comes in the market which is non-

injurious to health but gives a reasonable level of satisfaction
will be accepted by the market or not.

Ho: Refers to the NULL hypothesis which has to be rejected in order to accept the

ALTERNATIVE hypothesis.

The cigarette which is non-injurious to health but give a

reasonable level of satisfaction will not accepted by the market.

µ=4

H1: Refers to the ALTERNATIVE hypothesis which has to be accepted at the time of the

rejection of the NULL hypothesis

The cigarette which is non-injurious and give the reasonable level

of satisfaction may be accepted by the market.

µ≠4

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 Smoking Habits among Students

Significance Level
After setting up the hypothesis the next step is to select a suitable level of significance. The

confidence with which an experimenter rejects or retains the NULL hypothesis depend upon

the significance level adopted.

We have selected 5% significance level which means that there are

about 5 chances out of 100 when this kind of cigarette will be
accepted by the market, when it is not. That means we have taken
the right decision.

Critical Region
We have used two tailed test to find out the critical region. A two tailed test is that where

the hypothesis is rejected for the value of X falling into the either tail of the rejection region.

A value of Z (Test Static) less than about -2.3 or greater than about +2.3 would call for us

to reject the hypothesis at an alpha of 5%. We get these values by computing the inverse

cumulative distribution function for values of alpha/2 and 1-alpha/2, respectively.

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 Smoking Habits among Students

Test Static
Since our mean of each questionnaire is equal to 4 and the test consists of the study of the

population mean of about 361 questionnaires we shall test the hypothesis by computing z

static.

The formula for computing Z is:

X − µ H0
Z=
σX

∑ (X − X )
2

σX =
n

µ =4
X = Mean of Each Questionnaire

X = Mean of All Questionnaire (361)

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 Smoking Habits among Students

Computation of Values
Total of Total of Total of
F.No Each x x- X (x- X )2 F.No Each x x- X (x- X)
2
F.No Each x x- X (x- X )2
Qesnair Qesnair Qesnair

1 11 2.75 0.23 0.05 45 5 1.25 -1.27 1.61 89 13 3.25 0.73 0.53

2 9 2.25 -0.27 0.07 46 8 2 -0.52 0.27 90 14 3.5 0.98 0.96

3 12 3 0.48 0.23 47 12 3 0.48 0.23 91 11 2.75 0.23 0.05

4 10 2.5 -0.02 0.00 48 14 3.5 0.98 0.96 92 13 3.25 0.73 0.53

5 8 2 -0.52 0.27 49 14 3.5 0.98 0.96 93 4 1 -1.52 2.31

6 9 2.25 -0.27 0.07 50 11 2.75 0.23 0.05 94 13 3.25 0.73 0.53

7 11 2.75 0.23 0.05 51 11 2.75 0.23 0.05 95 11 2.75 0.23 0.05

8 12 3 0.48 0.23 52 10 2.5 -0.02 0.00 96 6 1.5 -1.02 1.04

9 11 2.75 0.23 0.05 53 7 1.75 -0.77 0.59 97 12 3 0.48 0.23

10 7 1.75 -0.77 0.59 54 8 2 -0.52 0.27 98 7 1.75 -0.77 0.59

11 12 3 0.48 0.23 55 8 2 -0.52 0.27 99 9 2.25 -0.27 0.07

12 6 1.5 -1.02 1.04 56 11 2.75 0.23 0.05 100 11 2.75 0.23 0.05

13 12 3 0.48 0.23 57 6 1.5 -1.02 1.04 101 12 3 0.48 0.23

14 13 3.25 0.73 0.53 58 7 1.75 -0.77 0.59 102 10 2.5 -0.02 0.00

15 12 3 0.48 0.23 59 15 3.75 1.23 1.51 103 9 2.25 -0.27 0.07

16 14 3.5 0.98 0.96 60 4 1 -1.52 2.31 104 14 3.5 0.98 0.96

17 11 2.75 0.23 0.05 61 16 4 1.48 2.19 105 14 3.5 0.98 0.96

18 11 2.75 0.23 0.05 62 8 2 -0.52 0.27 106 11 2.75 0.23 0.05

19 11 2.75 0.23 0.05 63 11 2.75 0.23 0.05 107 11 2.75 0.23 0.05

20 6 1.5 -1.02 1.04 64 9 2.25 -0.27 0.07 108 8 2 -0.52 0.27

21 14 3.5 0.98 0.96 65 10 2.5 -0.02 0.00 109 7 1.75 -0.77 0.59

22 11 2.75 0.23 0.05 66 13 3.25 0.73 0.53 110 10 2.5 -0.02 0.00

23 8 2 -0.52 0.27 67 7 1.75 -0.77 0.59 111 11 2.75 0.23 0.05

24 11 2.75 0.23 0.05 68 13 3.25 0.73 0.53 112 11 2.75 0.23 0.05

25 8 2 -0.52 0.27 69 8 2 -0.52 0.27 113 8 2 -0.52 0.27

26 10 2.5 -0.02 0.00 70 9 2.25 -0.27 0.07 114 6 1.5 -1.02 1.04

27 11 2.75 0.23 0.05 71 7 1.75 -0.77 0.59 115 10 2.5 -0.02 0.00

28 11 2.75 0.23 0.05 72 13 3.25 0.73 0.53 116 9 2.25 -0.27 0.07

29 10 2.5 -0.02 0.00 73 9 2.25 -0.27 0.07 117 11 2.75 0.23 0.05

30 13 3.25 0.73 0.53 74 8 2 -0.52 0.27 118 12 3 0.48 0.23

31 11 2.75 0.23 0.05 75 7 1.75 -0.77 0.59 119 9 2.25 -0.27 0.07

32 11 2.75 0.23 0.05 76 13 3.25 0.73 0.53 120 13 3.25 0.73 0.53

33 12 3 0.48 0.23 77 12 3 0.48 0.23 121 12 3 0.48 0.23

34 5 1.25 -1.27 1.61 78 12 3 0.48 0.23 122 10 2.5 -0.02 0.00

35 12 3 0.48 0.23 79 13 3.25 0.73 0.53 123 15 3.75 1.23 1.51

36 10 2.5 -0.02 0.00 80 11 2.75 0.23 0.05 124 7 1.75 -0.77 0.59

37 12 3 0.48 0.23 81 7 1.75 -0.77 0.59 125 9 2.25 -0.27 0.07

38 13 3.25 0.73 0.53 82 9 2.25 -0.27 0.07 126 12 3 0.48 0.23

39 10 2.5 -0.02 0.00 83 13 3.25 0.73 0.53 127 6 1.5 -1.02 1.04

40 6 1.5 -1.02 1.04 84 12 3 0.48 0.23 128 7 1.75 -0.77 0.59

41 13 3.25 0.73 0.53 85 12 3 0.48 0.23 129 7 1.75 -0.77 0.59

42 9 2.25 -0.27 0.07 86 15 3.75 1.23 1.51 130 9 2.25 -0.27 0.07

43 13 3.25 0.73 0.53 87 10 2.5 -0.02 0.00 131 11 2.75 0.23 0.05

44 12 3 0.48 0.23 88 12 3 0.48 0.23 132 11 2.75 0.23 0.05

31
 Smoking Habits among Students

Total of Total of Total of

F.No Each x x- X (x- X )2 F.No Each x x- X (x- X )2 F.No Each x x- X (x- X)
2

Qesnair Qesnair Qesnair

32
 Smoking Habits among Students

134 7 1.75 -0.77 0.59 178 15 3.75 1.23 1.51 222 12 3 0.48 0.23

135 11 2.75 0.23 0.05 179 14 3.5 0.98 0.96 223 11 2.75 0.23 0.05

136 9 2.25 -0.27 0.07 180 15 3.75 1.23 1.51 224 10 2.5 -0.02 0.00

137 7 1.75 -0.77 0.59 181 10 2.5 -0.02 0.00 225 13 3.25 0.73 0.53

138 11 2.75 0.23 0.05 182 10 2.5 -0.02 0.00 226 12 3 0.48 0.23

139 12 3 0.48 0.23 183 12 3 0.48 0.23 227 11 2.75 0.23 0.05

140 11 2.75 0.23 0.05 184 9 2.25 -0.27 0.07 228 10 2.5 -0.02 0.00

141 14 3.5 0.98 0.96 185 15 3.75 1.23 1.51 229 10 2.5 -0.02 0.00

142 13 3.25 0.73 0.53 186 9 2.25 -0.27 0.07 230 12 3 0.48 0.23

143 12 3 0.48 0.23 187 9 2.25 -0.27 0.07 231 8 2 -0.52 0.27

144 9 2.25 -0.27 0.07 188 13 3.25 0.73 0.53 232 10 2.5 -0.02 0.00

145 12 3 0.48 0.23 189 10 2.5 -0.02 0.00 233 8 2 -0.52 0.27

146 9 2.25 -0.27 0.07 190 9 2.25 -0.27 0.07 234 12 3 0.48 0.23

147 8 2 -0.52 0.27 191 13 3.25 0.73 0.53 235 11 2.75 0.23 0.05

148 12 3 0.48 0.23 192 10 2.5 -0.02 0.00 236 5 1.25 -1.27 1.61

149 10 2.5 -0.02 0.00 193 10 2.5 -0.02 0.00 237 8 2 -0.52 0.27

150 8 2 -0.52 0.27 194 12 3 0.48 0.23 238 9 2.25 -0.27 0.07

151 11 2.75 0.23 0.05 195 13 3.25 0.73 0.53 239 12 3 0.48 0.23

152 10 2.5 -0.02 0.00 196 11 2.75 0.23 0.05 240 10 2.5 -0.02 0.00

153 12 3 0.48 0.23 197 12 3 0.48 0.23 241 10 2.5 -0.02 0.00

154 13 3.25 0.73 0.53 198 13 3.25 0.73 0.53 242 9 2.25 -0.27 0.07

155 11 2.75 0.23 0.05 199 10 2.5 -0.02 0.00 243 11 2.75 0.23 0.05

156 6 1.5 -1.02 1.04 200 13 3.25 0.73 0.53 244 13 3.25 0.73 0.53

157 11 2.75 0.23 0.05 201 12 3 0.48 0.23 245 10 2.5 -0.02 0.00

158 7 1.75 -0.77 0.59 202 11 2.75 0.23 0.05 246 14 3.5 0.98 0.96

159 13 3.25 0.73 0.53 203 11 2.75 0.23 0.05 247 11 2.75 0.23 0.05

160 16 4 1.48 2.19 204 11 2.75 0.23 0.05 248 11 2.75 0.23 0.05

161 12 3 0.48 0.23 205 12 3 0.48 0.23 249 4 1 -1.52 2.31

162 12 3 0.48 0.23 206 8 2 -0.52 0.27 250 13 3.25 0.73 0.53

163 14 3.5 0.98 0.96 207 7 1.75 -0.77 0.59 251 6 1.5 -1.02 1.04

164 10 2.5 -0.02 0.00 208 11 2.75 0.23 0.05 252 12 3 0.48 0.23

165 10 2.5 -0.02 0.00 209 11 2.75 0.23 0.05 253 6 1.5 -1.02 1.04

166 12 3 0.48 0.23 210 10 2.5 -0.02 0.00 254 9 2.25 -0.27 0.07

167 9 2.25 -0.27 0.07 211 12 3 0.48 0.23 255 7 1.75 -0.77 0.59

168 9 2.25 -0.27 0.07 212 5 1.25 -1.27 1.61 256 13 3.25 0.73 0.53

169 6 1.5 -1.02 1.04 213 7 1.75 -0.77 0.59 257 10 2.5 -0.02 0.00

170 11 2.75 0.23 0.05 214 11 2.75 0.23 0.05 258 9 2.25 -0.27 0.07

171 9 2.25 -0.27 0.07 215 7 1.75 -0.77 0.59 259 10 2.5 -0.02 0.00

172 8 2 -0.52 0.27 216 10 2.5 -0.02 0.00 260 10 2.5 -0.02 0.00

173 8 2 -0.52 0.27 217 6 1.5 -1.02 1.04 261 7 1.75 -0.77 0.59

174 10 2.5 -0.02 0.00 218 14 3.5 0.98 0.96 262 10 2.5 -0.02 0.00

175 14 3.5 0.98 0.96 219 12 3 0.48 0.23 263 8 2 -0.52 0.27

176 13 3.25 0.73 0.53 220 11 2.75 0.23 0.05 264 7 1.75 -0.77 0.59

33
 Smoking Habits among Students

Total of x- Total of Total of

F.No Each x (x- X)
2
F.No Each x x- X (x- X)
2
F.No Each x x- X (x- X)
2

Qesnair X Qesnair Qesnair

266 11 2.75 0.23 0.05 310 8 2 -0.52 0.27 354 5 1.25 -1.27 1.61

267 6 1.5 -1.02 1.04 311 7 1.75 -0.77 0.59 355 9 2.25 -0.27 0.07

268 11 2.75 0.23 0.05 312 10 2.5 -0.02 0.00 356 9 2.25 -0.27 0.07

269 11 2.75 0.23 0.05 313 11 2.75 0.23 0.05 357 14 3.5 0.98 0.96

270 14 3.5 0.98 0.96 314 5 1.25 -1.27 1.61 358 7 1.75 -0.77 0.59

271 14 3.5 0.98 0.96 315 10 2.5 -0.02 0.00 359 10 2.5 -0.02 0.00

272 6 1.5 -1.02 1.04 316 6 1.5 -1.02 1.04 360 7 1.75 -0.77 0.59

273 7 1.75 -0.77 0.59 317 9 2.25 -0.27 0.07 361 6 1.5 -1.02 1.04

274 10 2.5 -0.02 0.00 318 10 2.5 -0.02 0.00 TOTAL 3643 910.8 1.03 134.13

275 8 2 -0.52 0.27 319 12 3 0.48 0.23

276 7 1.75 -0.77 0.59 320 7 1.75 -0.77 0.59

277 11 2.75 0.23 0.05 321 9 2.25 -0.27 0.07

278 8 2 -0.52 0.27 322 7 1.75 -0.77 0.59

279 8 2 -0.52 0.27 323 9 2.25 -0.27 0.07

280 7 1.75 -0.77 0.59 324 6 1.5 -1.02 1.04

281 10 2.5 -0.02 0.00 325 11 2.75 0.23 0.05

282 11 2.75 0.23 0.05 326 8 2 -0.52 0.27

283 10 2.5 -0.02 0.00 327 10 2.5 -0.02 0.00

284 12 3 0.48 0.23 328 10 2.5 -0.02 0.00

285 10 2.5 -0.02 0.00 329 12 3 0.48 0.23

286 13 3.25 0.73 0.53 330 10 2.5 -0.02 0.00

287 9 2.25 -0.27 0.07 331 8 2 -0.52 0.27

288 9 2.25 -0.27 0.07 332 10 2.5 -0.02 0.00

289 8 2 -0.52 0.27 333 10 2.5 -0.02 0.00

290 11 2.75 0.23 0.05 334 11 2.75 0.23 0.05

291 12 3 0.48 0.23 335 14 3.5 0.98 0.96

292 12 3 0.48 0.23 336 9 2.25 -0.27 0.07

293 9 2.25 -0.27 0.07 337 11 2.75 0.23 0.05

294 9 2.25 -0.27 0.07 338 6 1.5 -1.02 1.04

295 8 2 -0.52 0.27 339 12 3 0.48 0.23

296 9 2.25 -0.27 0.07 340 10 2.5 -0.02 0.00

297 10 2.5 -0.02 0.00 341 10 2.5 -0.02 0.00

298 10 2.5 -0.02 0.00 342 10 2.5 -0.02 0.00

299 11 2.75 0.23 0.05 343 11 2.75 0.23 0.05

300 8 2 -0.52 0.27 344 5 1.25 -1.27 1.61

301 8 2 -0.52 0.27 345 12 3 0.48 0.23

302 11 2.75 0.23 0.05 346 12 3 0.48 0.23

303 6 1.5 -1.02 1.04 347 15 3.75 1.23 1.51

304 5 1.25 -1.27 1.61 348 10 2.5 -0.02 0.00

305 7 1.75 -0.77 0.59 349 10 2.5 -0.02 0.00

306 7 1.75 -0.77 0.59 350 8 2 -0.52 0.27

307 8 2 -0.52 0.27 351 11 2.75 0.23 0.05

308 10 2.5 -0.02 0.00 352 13 3.25 0.73 0.53

34
 Smoking Habits among Students

Calculating Standard Deviation

∑ (X − X )
2

σX =
n

134.13
σX = = 0.61
361

Calculating value of ‘Z’

X − µ H0
Z=
σX

2.52 − 4
Z= = 2.43
0.61

Z = 2.43

Calculated Value vs. Standard Value

2.43 > 1.96

35
 Smoking Habits among Students

Conclusion of Hypothesis Testing

The value of Z > 1.96, hence out of the acceptance region and lies in the rejection region,

thus, we reject our NULL hypothesis that

The kind of cigarette which is non-injurious to health but gives reasonable level of

satisfaction will not accepted by the market

and we accept our ALTERNATIVE hypothesis that

The kind of cigarette which is non-injurious to health but gives reasonable level of

satisfaction will be accepted by the market.

Hence, what we had thought has been proved and students are wiling to have

those cigarettes which can provide them satisfaction, style etc. and proves to be

non-injurious to health.

36
 Smoking Habits among Students

MAJOR FINDINGS
The major findings of our study are:

1. About 30 out of 100 students who smokes are the Regular Smokers.

2. Mr. ShahRuk Khan is the favorite icon for students who smoke.

3. Around 71% percent the students who smoke buy their own cigarette and around

18% share their cigarette from friends.

4. A majority of students get more than Rs.600 as their pocket money per month.

5. Most of the students who smoke spend their 20% of their pocket money on cigarette

and on other tobacco products.

6. Females are also wiling to take cigarette which is non-injurious to health but gives

reasonable level of satisfaction.

7. Most of the students adopt cigarette to have a style in their personality and later it

become an addiction.

8. More than 80% students think that the smokers don’t have any advantage over non-

smokers.

9. More than 30% students think that smoking once started can’t be quit.

10. Most of the students start smoking at the age of 16 on an average.

37
 Smoking Habits among Students

CONCLUSION
A major trend has been observed towards increasing habits of smoking among students.

The students are the backbone of every nation and they have to take a great care of

their health towards achieving higher goals in life and contributing to the economy.

Also cigarette companies and the government have to take initiative to provide students

with those cigarette products which don not cause health hazards to the students.

More and more students adopt cigarette for the style factor in early age and then later

it become addiction.

Our study was a sincere effort to know smoking habits among students and to test

the market feasibility of a cigarette which is non-injurious to health which has

been proved.

38
 Smoking Habits among Students

BIBLOGRAPHY

WEB SITES
ww.google.com

www.wikipedia.com

www.questionpro.com

BOOKS
Research Methodology – C.R. Kothari

Business Statistics – S.P. Gupta and M.P. Gupta

Research for Marketing Decisions - Paul E. Green, Donald S. Tull, Gerald Albaum

NEWSPAPERS
Times of India

The Economic Times

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