History / Information and Tourist Attraction

Tamil Nadu cities Kanchipuram

Information about Kanchipuram Kanchipuram, the Golden City is situated about 70 kms. from Chennai in Tamil Nadu. Kanchipuram is also known as the religious capital of South India. Kanchipuram was the capital of the Pallavas. Kanchipuram is one of the seven most sacred pilgrimage cities of the Hindus. The other pilgrimage cities are Varanasi, Mathura, Ujjain, Haridwar, Dwaraka and Ayodhya. The special feature of Kanchipuram is that the people here can offer worship to both Lord Shiva and Vishnu. Kanchipuram is also known as the city of thousand temples. Some of the magnificent temples in Kanchipuram of unique architectural beauty bears testimony to its glorious Dravidian heritage. Kanchipuram is also known all over the world for the Kanjeevaram silk saris, one of the finest silk saris in the country. The climate of Kanchipuram is tropical with an almost uniform temperature throughout the year.

History of Kanchipuram Kanchipuram flourished as the capital of the Pallava dynasty. From the 6th to 8th centuries AD, the Pallavas not only built magnificent temples, but also encouraged the tradition of silk weaving and the Bharatanatyam dance. The colonies of weavers can also be seen in the back lanes of the city. The Bharatanatyam dance was performed within the pillared halls of temples by devadasis, the young women who had dedicated themselves to the service of God. After the fall of Pallavas, Kanchipuram was taken over by various dynasties like the Cholas, Chalukyas, the Vijaynagar kings, Muslims and the British. All these empires left their artistic stamps in the elaborate temples built over 12 centuries. Kanchipuram was also a centre of Tamil learning, cultural and religious background for centuries. Shankaracharya, the 6th century saint who traveled all over India to promote Hinduism, also set up an Episcopal seat (Kamakotipeetam) here.

Tourist Attractions in Kanchipuram The main tourist attractions in Kanchipuram are its temples. Earlier, Kanchipuram was also known as the city of thousand temples, but, today there are only 124 temples in Kanchipuram. Some of the famous temples in Kanchipuram are the Kamakshi Amman Temple, Varadaraja Temple, Kailashanathar Temple, Ekambareshwar Temple, Kumara Kottam, Ulahalanda Perumal Temple. These temples are great examples of massive architecture.

Kamakshi Amman Temple There are three main cities in India where the Goddess Shakti is worshipped. Among all the cities, Kanchipuram holds the most important place. The Kamakshi Amman temple is the centre of all religious activities in Kanchipuram. This temple is closely controlled by the Shankara Mutt. The main deity of this temple is the goddess Kamakshi. The main tower over the sanctum (Vimanam) of the temple is gold plated. The golden chariot is also the main feature of this temple. The golden chariot is taken in a procession around the temple on Friday evenings around 7.00 p.m. This temple also features an Art Gallery where the pictures depict the history of Sri Adishankaracharya and the Shankara Mutt.

Kailashanathar Temple Kailashanathar Temple is dedicated to Lord Shiva. Kailashanathar Temple, also called as the Kailashnatha is one of the oldest structure in Kanchipuram and the finest example of Pallava architecture in South India. This temple was built by the Rajasimha Pallava, the Pallava ruler and was completed by his son, Mahendra Varma Pallava in the 8th century AD. The temple is situated among several low-roofed houses just over 1 km west of the town center. This temple has been elaborately filled with the 64 aspects of Lord Shiva. The temple is unique in its architecture and hence, an architectural wonder. This temple is not visited by people daily, except during the Shivaratri festival, when a large group of people visit the temple.

Ekambareshwar Temple Ekambareshwar temple is one of the largest temples in Kanchipuram. This temple is dedicated to Lord Shiva and spreads over an area of 12.14 hectares. The temple is considered as one of the most ancient temples in India and has been in existence even before 600 AD. This ancient temple is surrounded by a huge stonewall built in the early 16th century during the rule of Vijayanagar Empire. Ekambareshwar temple was started as a small fane, but has grown over the centuries into a large one with various shrines, mandapams, gopurams and tanks. The entrance Gopuram of the Ekambareswara Temple stands 188 feet high with not less than 10 storeys of intricate sculptures.

Varadaraja Temple The Varadaraja temple is one of the important shrines of Vaishnavites and also known as Hastigiri. This temple is one of the most famous Vaishnavas Divya Desams, located in the Little Kanchipuram. This temple was originally known as Attiyuran. The main deity in the temple is the Lord Varadaraja Perumal in a standing posture facing the west side and here, the lord is also known as Devaraja, Pranatharthihara, Deva Perumal, Athiyooran and Perarulalan. The Varadaraja temple with superb art has a magnificent history, which is associated with Sri Ramanuja, who used to serve here. Many miracles are said to have occurred. It was within his ministry that the temple bacame famous. The Varadarajaswamy Temple is also known for its 100 feet tower and its hall of 96 pillars decorated with interesting sculptures. Ulahalanda Perumal Temple Ulahalanda Perumal temple is situated about a half kilometres from the centre of the town near Kamakshi Amman temple. The main deity in the Ulahalanda Perumal temple is the Ulahalanda Perumal in the Vamana form of Lord Vishnu. The Lord Vishnu take this form in order to save the Devtas from the Demon king Mahabali. The image of the deity is about 35 feet high.

Kumara Kottam Kumara Kottam is located between the Kamakshi and Ekambareshwar temples in Kanchipuram. This temple is a well visited temple with two parikramas and a complete pantheon of gods enshrined in their respective shrines. In the sanctum, the Lord Muruga is in a seated pose. His right arm is in the Abaya pose, the upper hand holds the rosary, the left arm holds the Kamandalam and the lower left arm is on the thigh in Katyavailambita pose. The posture is also known as the Brahma Chattam. The festival idols of Valli, Deivayani are also kept here. Vellore Fort th The 16 century granite fort surrounded by a deep moat is set in the heart of the town. It was built by Sinna Bommi Nayak, a vassal chieftain under the Vijayanagar kings. The fort is an excellent example of military architecture and has withstood several attacks. A small museum with in the fort showcases objects of historic value, recovered from the region. Jaina Kanchi or Tiruparuttikunram The sacred site on the outskirts of the town has a conglomeration of several fine shrines reflecting the rich religious legacy of Kanchipuram. The beautifully painted Varddhman Temple and a smaller temple dedicated to Chandraprabhu are noteworthy.

Vellore Vellore is located about 55 kms west of Chennai on the banks of the Palar river. The main attraction of Vellore is its Fort, built in the 13th century which is still in good condition. This fort has seen many bloody battles including a Sepoy Mutiny by Indian soldiers in 1806, a prelude to the Indian War of Independence in 1857. There is an exquisite 14th century Shiva Temple within the fort. This fort was not used till 1981, but this temple is now visited by various pilgrims. Sholighur (48 kms.) The temple of Lord Narasimha perched atop a hill is very popular. A large number of devotees visit the shrine during the month of Karthigai. Jalakanteshwar Temple This Shiva temple with in the ramparts of the fort is built in the late Vijayanagar style. The temple is noted for its seven storeyed gopuram on the main entrance towards southern side of the outer courtyard. The Kalyanamantapa in the outer courtyard is a master pieces of architecture. Arcot (27 kms.) The historic town is well known for its Nawabs, who resisted the forces of British and the French during the late th 18 century. Relics of tombs and Jami Masjid reflects the glory of the bygone era.

Festivals of Kanchipuram Kanchipuram is also referred as the city of festivals. Some of the important festivals celebrated in Kanchipuram are the Brahmotsavam, held in the Varadaraja temple in May; Garuda Sevai, also held in the Varadaraja temple in June; Float festival, also held in Varadaraja temple in February and November; Kamakshi Ammam Festival celebrated in February and Mahashivaratri festival celebrated in Kailashanatha temple in February. The Car Festival is also held at the Kamakshi Amman Temple. The Car Festival is celebrated in the month of February or March. On this occasion, the deities are taken out on elaborately decorated wooden chariots. The fairs, street acrobats and folk theatre is also held during this time. Such type of similar festivals are celebrated by other temples during April and coincide with the Tamil New Year.

How to get here By Air: The nearest airport is located in Chennai. By Rail: Kanchipuram is connected by train from Chennai, Chengalpattu, Tirupati, and Bangalore. By Road: Kanchipuram is well connected by a network of roads to Chennai, Bangalore and other places.

Chennai
Information about Chennai Chennai (formerly known as Madras) is the largest cosmopolitan and capital city of Tamil Nadu. Chennai is located on the Coromandel Coast of the Bay of Bengal. This city was developed after 1639 when the East India Company established a fort and trading post at the small fishing village of Chennai. This city is about 350 years old and a gateway to the South, provide many visitors a fascinating and rich southern heritage. The city of Chennai has blended the foreign influence with the traditional Tamil-Hindu culture. Chennai has everything to offer to its visitors which ranges from the continental and typical South Indian cuisine, long stretches of beaches, modern shopping centres, temples, forts, palaces, traditional handicrafts and textiles. Chennai can be visited throughout the year, except in May and June.

History of Chennai Chennai was developed after 1639 when the East India Company established a fort and trading post at the small fishing village of Chennai. Over the past three and a half centuries, the small fishing village has grown into a bustling metropolitan city which is especially known for its spaciousness which is lacking in other Indian cities. Various churches and some impressive buildings remind the visitor about the long and inseparable association the city has had with the British. Chennai was also an important centre of Pallavan culture long before the British came here and the traces of which can be found in the various old temples.

Tourist Attractions in Chennai The various tourist attractions in Chennai are the St. George Fort, Sri Parthasarthy Temple, Santhome Cathedral, Marina Beach, Valluvar Kottam, Snake park and Children's park, Kapaleeswarar temple, St. Marys Church and the National Art Gallery and government museum.

Marina Beach The Marina beach is supposed to be the second longest beach in the world and runs to a length of 12 km. The beach can be ideally visited in the early morning or in the late evening when the area becomes a virtual fair ground; with food stalls and other entertainment. The aquarium is also located on the Marina beach. The mortal remains of Dr. C.N. Annadurai, former Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu was buried at the Anna Square which is also located at the northern end of the Marina Beach. St. George Fort St. George Fort was built by the East India Company in 1639 -1640 and marks the beginning of Chennai as a modern city. This fort was

one of the first fort used by the state legislative assembly and as the secretarial offices of the Tamil Nadu government.
Valluvar Kottam Valluvar Kottam was built in the memory of the poet saint Thiruvalluvar. The shrine at the Nungambakkam is constructed after the temple car of Thiruvarur. The place also has a large auditorium. Snake Park and Children's Park The snake park houses a variety of Indian snakes and reptiles which can be viewed from close quarter. This park attracts visitors of all ages and from various parts of the world. Adjacent to the snake park

is the childrens park which has a large playing ground and collection of birds and animals.
Fort Museum It is housed in an 18th century building within the fort and showcases the history of British in India. Guindy National Park The park near Raj Bhawan covers an area of 270 hectares and is the smallest national park in India, but one may rarely come across such an enormous park actually lying within the limits of a metropolitan city. It is home to famous Indian antelope, the blackbuck, an endangered species. Other fauna seen here are spotted deer, civet cat, jackal and various

species of reptiles. Kapaleeswar Temple The Kapaleeswarar temple is the biggest temple in Chennai and is dedicated to the Lord Shiva. The temple contains inscriptions related to the Dravidian style of architecture. The 37 meter high Gopuram is known for its intricate carvings which depict tales from the Hindu mythology. St. Marys Church St. Marys Church is the oldest Anglican church in Asia. The imposing white edifice was consecrated in 1679 AD, and continues to be an important place of worship.

War Memorial This Graceful monument south of the fort, was erected in 1932, to commemorate the victory of the Allied forced in the first world war (1918).After the second world war, another commemoration was added to the structure. Later on, four square pillars were erected in the seventies around the central obelisk in honour of the soldiers of the Indian army. Thousand Lights Mosque th The majestic Shia Muslim mosque was originally built in 17 century by the members of the Wallajah family. The shrine gets its name from the thousand lamps that used to be lit at twilight in the old mosque.

Wallajah Mosque The magnificent mosque flanked by two minarets with golden domes was built in 1795, by Muhammad Ali Khan Wallajah, the Nawab of Carnatic. It has a sprawling ground where thousands of devotees can assemble and pray. Nearby, are the tombs of former Nawabs of Carnatic.

Arignar Anna Zoological Park This fine zoo houses animals in a large open island type enclosures amidst natural surroundings. Other attractions includes, Nocturnal Animal House, Safari Park, Walk through Aviary, Pre historic Animal Park, Prey-Predator enclosures and an Aquarium etc.

Snake Park & Childrens Park The Snake Park located next to the National Park is first of its kind in the country. Crocodiles, tortoises, cobras, vipers, kraits and other species of poisonous and non-poisonous and non-poisonous snakes can be seen here. Snake demonstrations are held every hour in a pit near the entrance. The childrens Park adjacent to the Snake Park has a large playing ground and rich collection of birds and animals. Little Mount It is believed that St. Thomas, the Apostle prayed and preached on this low hillock, along the south bank of Adyar, near Saidapet. The hillock has a natural rock cave where the Apostle is said to have lived for a while, two churches and a grotto enshrining Our Lady of Lourdes. The older church with a tiny vaulted chapel, was built in 1551, by the Portugueses and is dedicated to Our Lady of Health. The newer one is a modern circular structure with a blunt spire and was built in 1971. Sri Parthasarathy Temple Sri Parthasarathy temple is dedicated to Lord Krishna and was built in the 8th century AD under the rule of the Pallavas. It houses the idols of the five avataras of Sri Vishnu and has a small temple shrine dedicated to Vishnus consort known as Lakshmi or Vedavalli Ammai in Chennai. Santhome Cathedral The Santhome cathedral was built by the Portuguese between the 14th and 15th century AD and derives its name after St. Thomas. It is an important place of pilgrimage for the Christian community and as well as a historically important place. National Art Gallery and Government Museum The National Art Gallery and government museum is situated in the heart of the city at Egmore. This museum was founded in 1857. It houses various sections on geology, archaeology, numismatics, anthropology, botany and zoology. There is also a fine collection of sculpture and armoury in the museum.

Shopping in Chennai Chennai is one of the important trade centres of South India and is a good place to shop for a large variety of things. Chennai is also well known for silk and silk sarees, rosewood and sandalwood carvings. There are various retail shops from where you can buy traditional handicrafts, handlooms, silks, textiles, cane, leather, metal items and gold ornaments. Parrys Corner is one of the biggest markets of the cityand deals in wholesale as well as retail trade. Trading in almost all kinds of goods from plastic goods to textiles, stationery, ready made garments, household items can be made from here at very reasonable prices. Nearby is the famous Burma Bazar where one can find all sorts of imported goods ranging from electronic gadgets to readymade garments and perfumes. For those who are looking for traditional bell metal items, bronze icons, stone sculpture, and other crafts of the southern region, the best place to shop is the Tamil Nadu State Emporia Poompuhar.

How to reach here By Air: Chennai is connected to all important parts of the country by the regular flights of Indian Airlines and other private domestic airlines. Besides this, various international airlines operate regular flights to Chennai from the foreign destinations. By Rail: Broad gauge train services link Chennai to New Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Cochin, Trivandrum, Hyderabad, Bangalore, Coimbatore, Lucknow, Guwahati and many other destinations. The metre gauge train services run between Chennai, Madurai, Rameshwaram, Tirunelveli and Tuticorin. By Road: Chennai is connected to various important cities like Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata and various other cities. The transport corporations of all neighbouring districts and states run regular services to and from Madras to all prominent destinations in south India. By Sea: Chennai is connected by a passenger liner to Port Blair in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. To know the distances from Chennai click here.

Map of Chennai

Chidambaram

Information about Chidambaram Chidambaram is located about sixty km. from Pondicherry towards Thanjavur along the coast. Chidambaram was the capital of the Cholas from 10th to 14th century. Chidambaram is the famous temple town of Tamil Nadu. Chidambaram covers an area of 5 square kms and situated at an altitude of 5.97 meters above sea level. Chidambaram is known for the magnificent 9th century temple of Natraja. In Tamil, the word "Temple" refers only to the Nataraja Temple. This temple is dedicated to Natraja or the Lord Shiva, the Cosmic Dancer. This is one of the few temples where Siva and Vishnu are enshrined under one roof. Besides this temple, Chidambaram is also known for the Annamalai University. The climate is tropical and can be visited throughout the year. Tamil and English are the main languages which are spoken in Chidambaram.
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Tourist Attractions in Chidambaram The main tourist attraction in Chidambaram is the Natraja Temple. The Natraja Temple is one of the oldest and the famous temple in Chidambaram. Besides this temple, the various other tourist attractions in Chidambaram are Poombuhar, Pichavaram, Gingee, Gangaikondacholapuram, Srimushnam and Vaitheeswaran Koil.

Nataraja Temple The Nataraja temple was built during the rule of Vir Chola Raja (927 to 997 AD) in Chidambaram. The Nataraja temple is dedicated to Nataraja or the Lord Shiva and sprawls over an area of 40 acres of flat land between two rivers. The Nataraja temple is one of the oldest and ancient temple in Tamil Nadu. The various features of this temple are the thousand pillared Hall, the Sivakamiamman temple, the Sivaganga tank, Nritya Sabha Court, carved out like a giant chariot and the image of Nataraja in the central temple. The roof of the central temple is covered with gold plates. The presiding deity of the temple is represented by air, one of the five elements of the universe and is known as Akasa Lingam. There are four gopurams in the temple. The northern and southern gopurams rises to a height of over 49 metres in the sky. The Eastern tower rises to a height of 40.8 metres. The western and eastern gopurams are carved with 108 classical poses of Shiva or Nataraja, the Cosmic dancer. There are other smaller temples in the complex devoted to other gods.

Poombuhar (about 40 kms.) Poombuhar was once the biggest port on the east coast under the rule of the Chola Kings. This place was known as Puhar as the Kaveri river merge with the bellowing sea but due to the exquisite beauty of the port town, it came to be known as Poombuhar. Poombuhar was also known as Kaveripoompattinam. The greatness of the city can be seen in some of the poems in Sangam literature and in the epics of Silappathikaram and Manimekalai. Silappathikaram, the Tamil classic was recreated at Poompuhar to the immense pleasure of the Tamils. In order to describe the decorative ornamental scenic beauty of Poombuhar, the whole art gallery is made to present the environment and atmosphere of the 2nd century A.D. by the llanji Mandram, Paval Mandram, the Buddhist School, Arugan Kottam, Tirumal Kottam and Murugu Kottam, etc.

Cuddalore (about 44 kms.) It was an important river port and trading centre of East India Company in 1684. The relics of historical Fort St. David to the north of Gadilam river is the main landmark of the town. The Marine Biology Research Centre here is ranked among the finest research institutes of the country. Tiruppapuliyur, the Cuddalore New Town is known for an ancient Shiva temple. the Brahmotsavam festival held at the shrine is attended by a large number of devotees.

Pichavaram (about 16 kms.) The Pichavaram is the most exquisite scenic spot with abundant and varied tourism resources. The backwaters which are interconnected by the Vallar and Coleroon system offer abundant scope for water sports like rowing, kayak and canoeing and backwater cruises. The mangrove trees permanently rooted in a few feet of water are also there in the Pichavaram forests. The Pichavarm mangroves are considered among the healthiest mangrove occurrence in the world. There are various islands in Pichavaram which are interspersed with a vast expanse of water and covered with green trees. The area is about 2800 acres and is separated from the sea by a sand bar which is a patch of extraordinary loveliness. The various rare species of plants like Avicennia and Rhizophora and birds like Water snipes, Cormorants, Egrets, Storks, Herons, Spoonbills and Pelicans are of great interest in Pichavaram. Vadalur (about 37 kms.) The Satyagnana Sabha or temple was built here by Sri Ramalinga Swamigal, popularly known as Adigalar. The sanctum of the shrine is separated from the main hall by seven screens, of which only three are removed on oridinary days. But drign the auspicious occasion of Thai Poosam (Dec. Jan.) all the screens are removed and devotees can enjoy full darshan of the Jyothi or the eternal flame. The four great towers of the Chidambaram temple can also be seen from this octagon shaped building. Vaitheeswaran Koil (about 24 kms.) The Vaitheeswaran Koil is famous for the Shiva Temple. This temple is dedicated to Lord Vidyanatheeswarar, the healer of all diseases and his consort Thaiyalnayaki. It is believed that a bath in the holy waters of the Siddhamirtham tank within the temple complex will cure all diseases. Srimushnam (about 45 kms.) The famous temple of Vishnu as Bhuvaraha is located in Srimushnam. The front Mandapa known as the Purushasukta Mandapam was built by the Nayaks in the 17th century and is known for its architectural treasures. The temple is in the shape of chariot and replete with carvings of figures of warriors mounted on horses and elephants. On the pillars in the centre of the hall are carved royal portraits of the Nayak family who were responsible for the building of the temple.
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How to get here By Air: The nearest airport is located in Trichy, about 168 km from Chidambaram. By Rail: Chidambaram is connected by rail with Trichy, Madurai and Chennai. It is on the railway main line. By Road: Chidambaram is well connected with all major towns and places in Tamil Nadu.

Kanyakumari
Information about Kanyakumari Kanyakumari is located at the southernmost tip of peninsular India. It is the place where the waters of the Bay of Bengal, the Indian Ocean and the Arabian Sea meet. Kanyakumari is visited by thousands of tourists from all over India throughout the year. The place Kanyakumari is known so due to the temple dedicated to the virgin goddess Kanya Kumari. Kanyakumari was referred by the British as Cape Comorin. Kanyakumari is one of the important Hindu pilgrimage center due to the famous temple of Kanyakumari. The multicolored sand is a unique feature of the beaches here. From the Kanyakumari one can view spectacular sunrise and sunset. It is at its best during Chaitra Purnima (full moon day in April) when the sun and moon are face to face at the same horizon. At this place the spiritual leader Swami Vivekananda also spent some of his days in meditation upon a rock off the coast. Due to its proximity to the sea, Kanyakumari enjoys a pleasant climate. The best time to visit this place is between October and March. In summers, the temperature prevails at 34.8 degree Celsius and in winters it is around 20.4 degree Celsius.

History of Kanyakumari Kanyakumari was also known as the Alexandria of the east. This place was a great center for art, culture, civilization, commerce, trade and pilgrimage for the years. During the early part of the eighth century AD Islam entered the southern part of India through the sea route with traders and missionaries. Christianity arrived at this place in 52 AD through St. Thomas, one of the twelve Apostles of Christ. Islam, Christianity and Jainism have greatly contributed to the architectural wealth and literary heritage of this place. The Cholas, Cheras, Pandyas and Nayaks who were the great rulers of south India also controlled Kanyakumari. All the famous temples were built during their rule which are known for their architectural beauty. During the British Raj, the Britishers gave the name Cape Comorin. It may be due to their inability to pronounce the local name. According to the legends the Kanya Devi, an avatar of goddess Parvati undertook penance to gain the hand of Lord Shiva in marriage. But the Lord Shiva did not turn up at the auspicious time and the wedding never took place. The rice and cereals meant for the marriage remained uncooked. The disappointed goddess decided to spend her life in Kanyakumari as a virgin, and all the food prepared for the wedding was wasted and that it turned into the colored sand which can be seen on the southern shores of the subcontinent.

Tourist Attractions in Kanyakumari There are various tourist attractions in Kanyakumari. The main tourist attractions in Kanyakumari are the temple of the virgin goddess Kanyakumari or the Kumari Amman Temple and the Swami Vivekanda rock memorial. Various other places in Kanyakumari are the Gandhi memorial and the Suchindram temple. Kanyakumari Temple The Kanyakumari temple or the Kumari Amman Temple is one of the ancient temple which is located on the shoreline in Kanyakumari. This temple is dedicated to the goddess Parvati who appeared in Kanyakumari as the Kanya Devi, the virgin goddess. This temple and the adjoining ghat attracts tourist from all over the world. The diamond nose ring of the deity is famous for its sparkling splendor which is said to be visible even from the sea. Non Hindus are not allowed to enter into the temple. More.... Swami Vivekanda Rock Memorial Swami Vivekanda Rock Memorial is situated on a little rocky island just off the coast, about 500 meters away from mainland. This memorial stands on one of two rocks separated by about 70 meters. This memorial belongs to Swami Vivekananda, the great Indian philosopher and was built in 1970. In 1892 he sat here in deep meditation on the rock, where this memorial is located now. There is a dhyana mandapam where one can sit in a serene atmosphere and meditate. The design of the mandapa incorporates different styles of temple architecture from all over India. It houses a statue of Vivekananda. On the island one can also see the Shri Pada Parai, the footprints of Kanyakumari, the virgin goddess. To reach the memorial one has to hire the ferry services. A memorial has also been recently built which is dedicated to Tiruvalluvar, the author of the philosophical work Tirukkural. Gandhi Memorial The Gandhi Memorial is located at the place where the urn containing the ashes of Mahatma Gandhi was kept for public view before a portion of its contents were immersed in the three seas. This memorial resembles an Oriyan temple. This temple is designed in such a way that on 2nd October, his birthday, the suns rays fall directly on the spot where his ashes were kept. Padmanabhapuram Palace Padmanabhapuram Palace is a large mansion of the Travancore Kings. It is known for its fascinating natural splendor. Vattakottai (6 km) Vattakottai is an 18 century circular fort located on the beach. It is a popular picnic spot which is located six kms. from Kanyakumari. Udayagiri Fort (34 km) The Udayagiri fort is located about 34 kms from Kanyakumari. This fort was built by King Marthanda Varma (1729-1758 AD). This fort has a foundry for casting guns. The king's trusted European general De Lennoy's grave is also located within this fort. Thiruvalluvar Statue The gigantic 133 feet high statue of Tamil saint poet Thiruvalluvar is set ona rock amidst sea. Thiruvalluvar is famous for his work Thirukkural, which is regarded as a directory of code of conduct and ethics to the Humanity. Akkay Aruvi Water falls (33 kms.) The beautiful falls are located 14 kms. From Nagercoil. There is also a small shrine associated with saint Agasthiar, which attracts a large number of devotees on the full moon day of Chithirai (Apr.-May). Tiruchendur (85 km) In Tiruchendur the beautiful temple dedicated to Lord Subramanya is located. This temple is located on the shores of

the Bay of Bengal and one of the six abodes of Lord Subramanya. This temple draws various devotees from all over India. Kumarakovil (34 kms.) The beautiful Lord Muruga Temple here is set on a 200 feet high hillock. It also enshrines image of Goddess Valli, the spouse of Lord Subramaniya or Muruga. Udayagiri Fort (34 kms.) th This 18 century fort 14 kms. From Nagercoil was built by king Marthanda Varma. The grave of the Dutch Gen. Del Lennoy, one of the most trusted generals of the king, lies within the fort. Suchindram (13 kms.) Suchindram is located about 13 kms from Kanyakumari and bears the imprint of various kingdoms. The Thanumalayan temple in Suchindram is a repository of art treasures belonging to those kingdoms. This temple is famous for the beautiful gopuram, the musical pillars and the impressive 6 m tall statue of the monkey god, Hanuman. The main deity in this temple is in the fom of a Shivlinga which is the representation of the combined forces of Siva, Vishnu and Brahma. It is one of the few temples in the country where the three trinities are worshipped together. How to reach here Kanyakumari is easily accessible by air, road and rail with the other major Indian cities and states. By Air The nearest airport is located at Trivandrum which is about 80 km. It is directly connected with Bangalore, Mumbai, Cochin, Delhi, Goa and Chennai by regular flights. By Rail Kanyakumari as the terminal point of the Southern Railway is well linked to the other parts of the country. It is well connected to Trivandrum, Delhi and Mumbai by broad-gauge railway network. By Road Kanyakumari is connected by road to Trivandrum, Nagarkoil, Tirunelvelli, Tiruchendur, Tuticorin, Madurai and Rameshwaram. To know the distances from Kanyakumari click here.

Madurai
Information about Madurai Madurai, the city of Nectar is located in the south of Tamil Nadu. It is the second largest city in the state of Tamil Nadu. It is also considered as an important cultural and commercial centre of Tamil Nadu. Madurai is located on the banks of the river Vaigai. Madurai is bounded on the north by the district of Dindigul, on the east by Sivagangai, on the west by Theni and south by Virudhunagar. Madurai is situated at an altitute of 100.58 meters above the sea level and covers an area of 3741.73 square km. Madurai city has 3 hills as its city boundary mainly, Yanaimalai, Nagamalai, Pasumalai named after Elephant, Snake and Cow respectively. The city has been called the "Athens of the East" because of its great architecture and meticulous planning, comparable to that of the Greek capital. History of Madurai It was a fall from eternal glory to deep abyss for Madurai when the Tamil Kingdoms disintegrated, and its wealth was plundered by the ravaging armies of Delhi's Muslim rulers. In 1311, it was raided by Malik Kafur, the general of Alauddin Khilji of Delhi. In 1371, the Muslim rule of Madurai was put to an end by the Vijayanagar rulers who annexed the city to their Kingdom. . The Governors appointed to rule Madurai were called Nayaks or Naiks, and it was during their rule that the city regained some of its past glory. When the Vijayanagar empire collapsed in 1565, the Nayaks proclaimed themselves rulers of the territories they governed. According to a different theory, the name Madurai is actually a transformation of the Tamil word "Marudhai", which means a fertile agricultural land with alluvial soil. Many natives continue to refer to the city as Marudhai. According to some legends, Madurai is the actual site where the wedding between Shiva and Meenakshi took place. Tourist Attractions in Madurai The major tourist attraction in Madurai is the famous Meenakshi temple, dedicated to the goddess Meenakshi. Madurai has many other famous temples besides the world famous Meenakshi temple. Today, this splendid temple is also known for its imposing gopurams that soar over the city. This temple, which is the centre of social and religious activity, attracts thousands of visitors every year from all over the world. It is noted for its marvelous hall of a thousand pillars all of which are elaborately sculpted. A set of musical pillars carved out of a single block of granite that emit melodic notes when tapped, splendid mandaps and a large temple tank are all part of the huge complex. Another major attraction in Madurai is the Thirumalai Nayak Palace. This palace was built in the Indo-Saracenic style by the Nayak rulers of Madurai in 1636 AD. More....

Festivals in Madurai Some of the festivals which are celebrated in Madurai are the Teppam Festival, Meenakshi Kalyanam Festival. Teppam Festival is the most famous annual Float festival which is celebrated at Madurai. In this festival the images of Meenakshi and Lord Sundareswara are mounted on floats, and taken to Mariamman Teppakkulam Tank, where for several days they are pulled back and forth across the water in the middle of the tank, on an illuminated raft embellished with flowers, before being taken back to the main temple. Meenakshi Kalyanam Festival Meenakshi Kalyanam Festival is one of the most spectacular temple festival in Madurai. This festival is celebrated on account of the marriage of Meenakshi with

Lord Sundareshwar (Shiva). The Chithirai festival is held annually on the full moon day of the Tamil month Chithirai (Apr. / May.) and commemorates the holy matrimony of Goddess Meenakshi and Lord Sundareswara. According to mythological legends, Lord Vishnu as Azhagar came to Madurai on a golden horse to attend the celestial wedding of Goddess Meenakshi and Lord Sundareswara (Lord Siva). The idols of the celestial couple are seated in a beautifully decorated chariot and taken around the town in the form of a procession. A large number of devotees assemble for the Meenakshi Kalyanam (weddings) celebrations and thousands of marriages are solemnized in and around Meenakshi temple on this extremely auspicious occasion.Avanimoolam Festival is held in the month of Aug. Sep. and marks the coronations of Lord Sundareswara (Lord Siva). A play is enacted during this time. The temple priest recites the legends of Lord Siva in his 64 miracles, which saved Madurai from adversity. On the ninth day Lord Sundareswara is dressed like a worker and taken to the banks of river Vaigai. How to reach Madurai By Air: Madurai is well connected by air to Chennai, Mumbai, Bangalore, Tiruchirapalli and Calicut. By Rail: Madurai is also well connected by rail to all the major towns in South India. Madurai has direct rail connections to Bangalore, Coimbatore, Kollam, Chennai, Rameshwaram, Thanjavur, Tiruchirappalli, Tirunelveli, Tirupathi and Tuticorin. By Road: There are excellent roads which connect Madurai to all parts of South India. To know the distances from Madurai click here.

Mamallapuram
Information about Mamallapuram Mamallapuram is a historical retreat set amidst natural beauty, about 58 km south of Chennai. Mamallapuram is also known as Mahabalipuram, the city of Bali. This ancient city is located on the shores of the Bay of Bengal. It covers an area of 8 square kms situated at the sea level. It is an international historic and heritage center as it is the place where the art and architecture first originated. This ancient place was the major seaport of the Pallava dynasty and was the second capital of the Pallava kings of Kanchipuram. Mamallapuram is globally known for the famous shore temples. It later became an architectural center owing to its beautiful coastal area studded with small hills ideal for the creation of cave temples, stone carvings, etc. The Pallavas created many marvellous monuments like the sculptural panels, caves, monolithic rathas and temples. These monuments carved out of solid rock, though ravaged by the sea and wind, still bear testimony to the magnificent heritage of Dravidian architecture. Besides the monuments, Mamallapuram is also known for the beautiful beaches and fine resorts. These monumental splendours and sunny beach resorts attract tourists from all over the world. The climate in Mamallapuram is tropical. In summers it is around 36.6 degree Celsius and in winters it is around 19.8 degree Celsius. Tamil and English are widely spoken languages in Mamallapuram. The famous dance festival is celebrated in the month of December in Mamallapuram. History of Mamallapuram The temples at Mamallapuram were built during the rule of Narasimhavarman and his successor Rajasimhavarman. These temples showcase the movement from rock-cut architecture to structural building. The mandapas or pavilions and the rathas or shrines shaped as temple chariots were carved from the granite rock face, and the famous Shore Temple was built half a century later. All the rathas except one ratha from the first phase of Pallava architecture are modelled on the Budhist viharas or monasteries and chaitya halls with several cells arranged around a courtyard. The famous art historian, Percy Brown, traced the possible roots of the Pallavan Mandapas to the similar rock-cut caves of Ajanta and Ellora. Mr. Brown said that the Pallavan king may have brought the sculptors and artisans back to Kanchi and

Mamallapuram as the spoils of war which occurred between Narasimhavarman and the Chalukyan king Pulakesin II in 642 AD. Tourist Attractions in Mamallapuram The Mahabalipuram art can be divided into four categories which are open air bas - relief, structured temples, man-made caves and rathas. The most important attraction in Mahabalipuram are the famous Arjuna's Penance, the Krishna Mandapa and the beautiful Shore Temple. Sixteen man-made caves in different stages of completion are also scattered throughout the area. The Shore Temple, one of the oldest in South India, stands on the sea shore with its paved forecourts. The Shore Temple The Shore temple is located on a rocky hill very close to the sea. This is one of the oldest temples in South India. It belongs to the 8th century AD and is a good example of the first phase of structural temples constructed in Dravidian style. The structure of the temple is so unusual so that it can catch the first rays of the rising sun and to illuminate the waters after dark. As the main shrine faces the sea on the east, the gateway, the fore count and the assembly hall of the Shore Temple all lie behind the sanctum. The beautiful shore temple consists of two temples dedicated to Lord Shiva and Vishnu in the reclining form. The main sanctum and one of the two lesser ones on the west are dedicated to Shiva. The enclosing wall has a series of Nandi bulls on it. Recently, a stone wall has been built to protect the shrine from the rising seas and further erosion. The temple is flood lit at night so that one can enjoy its beauty after sunset. Other temples The Mahishamardini cave temple has several bas relief panels with scenes from the Puranas. The north panel features the goddess Durga with eight arms and riding on a lion in battle with the buffalo headed demon Mahishasura. The triple celled temple is dedicated to the Trinity of the Hindu pantheon, the Lord Brahma, Lord Shiva and Lord Vishnu. A single cell is dedicated to each deity. The temple is an example of King Narasimha style.

Krishnas Butter Ball this huge boulder perched precariously on a hill slope near the Ganesh Ratha is an amazing marvel of nature. It is believed that the Pallava kings tried their best with the help of elephants, to move this boulder, but were unsuccessful. Mamallapuram Beach The beautiful beach lined by the lush Casurina groves is another attractions of Mamallapuram. One can enjoy swimming in the serene warm blue sea, laze around on the golden sands and admire the natures beauty. The charming atmosphere during sun rise and sunsets is truly amazing and worth enjoying. Five Rathas The Five rathas are the monolithic temples built in a chariot style. These rathas will always remain an architectural mystery, as each of these rathas are a faithful reproduction of a structure built of wood. Each of these rathas are dedicated to a particular god or goddess. Stone animals represent the vehicle of the god. Out of the eight rathas, four rathas are supposed to have been scooped out of a single rock formation. The five rathas have been named after the Pandava brothers, the heroes of the epic Mahabharata, and their shared wife, Draupadi. The largest ratha is the Dharmaraja ratha and it sets the tone for the others. This ratha is modelled on a Buddhist vihara or monastery, and support a square hall topped by a vaulting roof. The Bhima, Arjuna and Nakula Sahdeva rathas are the lesser copies of the Dharmaraja ratha. The Draupadi ratha is the smallest and the quaintest. It is simple structure, built as a thatched hut borned on the back of elephants and lions. It was probably the fascimile of a portable village shrine. The Nakula Sahadeva Ratha is a two storeyed vimana. This ratha is located beside an elephant which is the mount of Indra and suggests its dedication to the rain god. Many of the temples and sculptures of Mamallapuram are unfinished due to the sudden withdrawal of patronage from rock-cut temples when King Rajasimhavarman came to power. Mandapas The main hill at Mamallapuram is dotted with pillared halls carved into the rock face. These mandapas, with their graceful columns and intricate figure sculptures bear witness to the Pallavas. The ten pavilions at Mamallapuram, of

which two are unfinished, were designed as shrine, with a sanctum and one outer hall. The shallow porticoes are adorned with exquisite sculptures of gods, goddesses and mythological figures. The main active shrine is the Ganesh mandapa, with the idol of the Lord Ganesha standing for almost fourteen centuries after it was first constructed. Beyond the circular rock called Krishna's Butterball is the Varaha mandapa dedicated to the two avatars of Vishnu as Varaha, the boar and Vamana, the dwarf. The pillars of this pavilion display a motif that became the signature of the southern architecture. The Mahishasuramardini mandapa is dedicated to the goddess Durga in bas relief, slaying a buffaloheaded demon. The Vishnu Sayana Mandapa shows Lord Vishnu lying under the protective hood of the seven-headed serpent Adishesha. The Panch Pandava mandapa, that is unfinished, has a more elaborate facade. Its pillars are adorned with rearing lions springing from the capital, and the shrine is the only one surrounded by a passage which allows circumvolutions. Tiger Cave Temple The Tiger Cave Temple is located 4 kms north of the main monument complex. Earth and animal life forces are represented in this great example of Pallava style cave architecture. The temple was earlier an open air theatre, where cultural programmes were held. Though it is very near the sea, the place is very serene and calm. Crocodile & Snake Bank (15 kms.) The Crocodile Breeding and Research Centre is run by Chennai Crocodile Bank Trust, to augment the crocodile population of indias wildlife sanctuaries. The bank has managed to save crocodile species like gharial and marsh crocodile from the verge of extinction. The farm also has breeding programmes for turtle species found in India. The Snake Bank is located adjacent to the Crocodile Bank and is managed by Irula Snake Catchers Industrial Cooperative Society. There are several species of poisonous and non-poisonous snakes. Irulas are the local tribesman who have perfected the art of snake catching. Sculpture Museum It is located south of the bus stand in East Raja Street and has about 3000 exquisite sculpture made by local artisans in wood, metal, brass and even cement. The museum is associated with the College of Traditional art and Architecture. Which has produced many fine sculpture. Arjuna's Penance Arjuna's Penance is the largest bas relief sculpture in the world. This structure has been skillfully carved out of a single rock. It gets its name from the figure of an ascetic who is believed to be Arjuna, the hero of Mahabharata. The Arjuna performed a penance in order to obtain an arrow from Lord Shiva. Some other people also believe that the figure is actually of Bhagiratha who entreated Siva to let the river Ganges flow over the earth. Arjuna can be seen here standing on his left leg. The event is witnessed by creatures from heaven, earth and the underworld. Yamini Krishnamurti Art Museum The tiny museum is located opposite to Arjuas Penance and houses few small sculptures. Government College of Sculpture It is located 2 kms. North of Mamallapuram on the Kovlam Road. The processes involved in making sculptures in classical Hindu tradition can be seen here. Kovilam (Covelong) (15 kms.) This small fishing village 38 kms. South of Chennai has emerged as one of the finest beach resort in the country. There are ruins of a large historic fort, part of which have been converted into a luxurious resort the Fishermans Cove Resort of the Taj group. The Olive Ridley Turtles visit the beach every year between November and March to hatch their eggs. Vedanthangal Water Bird Sanctuary (53 kms.) Vedanthangal is one of the major water bird sanctuaries in India. The birds migrate here every year from November to February from all over the world. The sanctuary was established in 1858 and is the oldest in the country. It sprawls across 30 hectares of marshy land and has a lake, which is visited by over 1,00,000 migratory birds every year. The regular visitors to the park are garganey teals, shovellers, pintails, stilts and sandpipers. Resident birds like coots, moorhens and terns can be seen all around the park. The nesting season starts from October and the majority of birds are through with breeding by the month of February. The best time to visit is between November and February. The park has two watch towers and one viewing platform, which enables a better view of the avifauna. Regular buses are available for Vedanathangal from Chennai, Tambaram or Chengalpatu. How to reach Mamallapuram

By Air: The nearest airport is located at Chennai which is about 58 kms. The Chennai airport has both domestic and international terminus. Chennai is connected with all the major places in India and world through various domestic and international flights. By Rail: The nearest railway station is located at Chennai and Chingleput which is about 29 km. Mahabalipuram is well connected by rail to various other cities in South India. By Road: Mamallapuram is well connected by road to various cities in South India like Chennai, Chingleput and Pondicherry. The road to Mahabalipuram is good.

Pondicherry
Information about Pondicherry Pondicherry is the French interpretation of the original name Puducheri. The word Puducheri means the new settlement. Many pilgrims have shared the towns hospitality on their way to the temple town of Rameshwaram, thus enriching its culture. Pondicherry is the tiny union territory which covers an area of 494 square kms. Situated on the south coast of Madras, Pondicherry was a French town from 1674 to 1954 when it became part of India. Earlier Pondicherry was the major French trading post but later it became part of the Anglo-French hostilities. Today, it is a provincial town with a distinctive French character. The new city of Auroville, built by the followers of the 20th century saint Sri Aurobindo is located nearby Pondicherry. Tamil and French are the common languages which are spoken in Pondicherry. History of Pondicherry Pondicherry also had a flourishing history. The Romans came to Pondicherry in the 1st century AD for the trading purpose. The trade included dyed textiles, pottery and semi-precious stones. The findings are now displayed in the Pondicherry Museum. In the 16th and 17th centuries the flourishing trade by Portuguese, the Dutch and the Danes attracted the French to establish a settlement in 1674. Under the rule of Francois Martin and Dupleix, it grew into a prominent fortified town and an important sea port. In 1746 the British lost the St. George fort in Madras to Dupleix, and retaliated by capturing Pondicherry in 1761 and razing the town to the ground, sparing only a few structures. However the Treaty of Paris returned Pondicherry to the French. A storm water canal separated the French and Tamil Quarters, and Streets were laid in the form of grid. By 1768 much of the old town of Pondicherry, had been laid out and rebuilt on its former foundations. Tourist Attractions in Pondicherry Pondicherry is rich in architectural and cultural wealth. The major tourist attraction in Pondicherry is Sri Aurobindo Ashram, where Sri Aurobindo and the Mother lived for the most part of their life. The ashram houses the samadhi of Sri Aurobindo and the mother. Pondicherry also has a pleasant beach alongside Promenade and historical monuments. Some of the other interesting sites include the Bharti and Bharthidasan Memorial museum, the Church of the Sacred Heart of Jesus and Auroville. Church of the Sacred Heart of Jesus The Church of the Sacred Heart of Jesus is built in the Gothic style. This massive church is one of the most beautiful churches in Pondicherry. Promenade Pondicherry also has a pleasant and lovely beach alongside Promenade. This lovely beach is located within a short distance from the city centre. With a 1.5 km long Promenade, this is the most delightful part of the city. The people can have a stroll, sunbath, and swimming. On the

beachfront are located many sites such as a statue of Mahatma Gandhi surrounded by eight exquisitely carved monolithic pillars and a war memorial. Sri Aurobindo Ashram Sri Aurobindo Ashram is the place where the Sri Aurobindo and Mother lived for the most part of their life. This Ashram attracts thousands of tourists every year. This ashram was founded in 1920 when Sri Aurobindo reached Pondicherry and put in place his ideas of peaceful community. This ashram was run by his French companion Mirra Alfassa, universally known as the Mother for a long period of time. The ashram is a diversified community with more than 1,200 members out of which 400 are the students of the Centre of Education. This ashram has various departments to look after basic needs of the members. There are various farms, gardens, printing press, libraries, and a number of small-scale industries in the Ashram. The ashram also houses the Samadhi of Sri Aurobindo and the mother. Pondicherry Museum The Pondicherry museum is situated in the Government Park. The Pondicherry Museum is home to some of the most exquisite collections on architecture and sculpture. This museum has a good sculpture gallery and a section of archaeological finds from the Roman settlement at Arikamedu. There is also a French section which tells about the history of the colony. There is also a superb collection of snail shells from the Pondicherry region. Aayi Mandapam (Park Monument) The magnificent white monument at the lush Government Park in the heart of city is the most recognizable monument of th Pondichery. It was built in 16 century in Greco Roman architecutal style during the reign of Napoleon III the th emperor of France and commemorates a 16 century courtesan named Aayi. The Government Park in (Bharati Park) is also noted for its lush green lawns, flower beds, fountains and fine sculptures. It is surrounded by many stately buildings like-Raj Nivas, the Museum, Pondicherry Art Gallery etc. French War Memorial The fine memorial on the Goubert Avenue (Beach Road) was erected in the honour of the soliers who laid their lives th during the First World War. It is beautifully illuminated during the annual commemoration held on Bastille Day, the 14 of July. Bharti and Bharthidasan Memorial Museum Bharti Museum is located at Eswaran Koil Street, the place where the legendary Tamil poet lived after arriving here in 1908 in search of refuge. Bharthidasan Memorial Museum is situated at Perumal Koil Street where Kanakasubburatnam, a disciple of Bharti, lived. He changed his name to Bharthidasan, meaning the disciple of Bharti, and his home is now the second important place of literary pilgrimage in Pondicherry. Auroville Auroville is situated just across the border in the state of Tamil Nadu, about 10 km away from Pondicherry. The place is also known as 'City of Dawn,' and was founded in 1968 as a tribute to Sri Aurobindo. It is a lush green cover created over 25 years by sheer hard work and dedication. The place is spread over 50 square km and has a population of over 900. The Mata Mandir situated in the centre of the town is the spiritual centre with a 30 meter high globe with lotusshaped foundation urn. Dupleix Statue Statues of Francois Dupleix, the French Governor were commissioned in Pondicherry as well as in France in honour of this able administrator in 1870. 19th Century Light House The imposing light house near the sea at the Place du Government, was first lighted on 1 july, 1836. the light house was abandoned after the commissioning of the new light house in 1979. Jawahar Toy Museum The small museum near the old Lighthouse exhibits 130 dolls, representing different states of India.

Botanical Garden The beautiful garden was planned and laid out in 1826, by C.S. Perrotet. It has a rich and varied collection of plant species not only from different parts of India but abroad as well. There is also an aquarium here. Serenity Beach The beautiful 1.5 kms. Long beach is idally suited for relaxation, sunbathing and swimming. The sea front is graced by an impressive statue of Mahatma Gandhi set amidst eight exquisitely carved pillars and wonderful War Memorial. Church of Our Lady of Immaculate Conception The magnificent building was built in 1791, at the site of a former church at Cathedra Street. It is a fine example of medieval architecture and is noted for it imposing entrance and majestic interiors. Sri Manakula Vinayakar Temple th The famous 18 century shrine of Lord Ganesha is located just behind the Raj Bhavan. The presiding deity is also referred as Vellakkaran (White Man) Pillai (Ganesha). It is said that a Frenchman residing near the shrine desperately tried to remove the idol of the deity from here. But, the idol kept on reappearing miraculously and convinced by the prowess of the deity, the Frenchman became a devotee of the Lord. The temple walls are adorned with forty fabulous friezes in honour of Lord Ganesh. Other important shrines are Varadaraja Perumal Temple and Vedapureeswarar Temple. Arikamedu The archaeological site about 4 kms. South of Pondicherry reveals the ancient history of the region. Excavationson the right bank of the river Ariyankuppam reveal that a port town flourished here about 2,000 years ago. It had trade links with and Greece as early as 2nd century B.C. and Roman settlements are said to have existed here. Textiles, precious stones and shell jewellery were the main items for export, while wine is thought to be imported. Ruins of an 18th century French Jesuit Mission House can also be seen here. Paradise Beach, Chaunnambar (8 kms.) The Picturesque beach lies near the mouth of the backwaters, along the Cuddalore Main Road. It is a perfect place for a leisurely holiday and beach sports. The Pondicherry Tourism (PTTDC) runs Chunnambar Beach and Backwater Resort and provides facilities for boating, backwaters boat tours, trekking, beach sports and picnics etc. the famous multicuisine restaurant Seagulls is located near the Backwaters. Shopping in Pondicherry The Aurobindo Ashram makes and sells ceramics, handicrafts, perfumes and handmade paper. In the city you can also buy attractive papier mache toys, colourful bedspreads and rugs. How to reach here By Air: Pondicherry is well connected to Chennai by air. The nearest airport is located at Chennai which is about 162 kms. By Rail and Road: Pondicherry is well connected to Chennai and other cities by rail and road. To know the distances from Pondicherry click here.

Rameshwaram
Information about Rameshwaram

Rameshwaram, a major pilgrimage centre is referred as the Varanasi of South India. Rameshwaram is an island situated in the Gulf of Mannar at the tip of the Indian peninsula in Tamil Nadu. The sacred island of Rameshwaram is about 173 km. from Madurai and only 80 kms. away from Sri Lanka. The religious island is spread in an area of 61.8 square kms. and happens to be in the shape of a conch. This island was the place where Lord Rama worshipped Lord Shiva in order to cleanse away the sins after he killed the Ravana, king of Lanka and also built the bridge across the sea to bring his consort, Sita back from Ravana. This place is sacred to the devotees of both Vishnu and Shiva. Rameshwaram is also one of the most visited pilgrimage place in India. It is also believed that the pilgrimage to Kashi is not considered complete without a pilgrimage to Rameshwaram. The highest point of the island has the footprints of Lord Rama. Rameshwaram is also a place from where the ferry to Sri Lanka (Talaimannar) departs.
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Tourist Attractions in Rameshwaram The main tourist attraction in Rameshwaram is the Ranganathaswamy Temple. The other places in Rameshwaram are the Kothandaramaswamy Temple, Dhanushkodi, Kurusadai Island, Agnitheertham, Ramanathapuram and Rameshwaram Setu.

Ranganathaswamy Temple Ranganathaswamy Temple is the famous temple at Rameshwaram. This temple is believed to have been built on the site where Rama worshipped Shiva in order to do penance for killing the Ravana, king of Lanka. This temple is one of twelve Jyotirlingas of India, dedicated to Lord Shiva. The main deity of this temple is the Linga of Sri Ranganatha. This temple is one of the most beautiful shrines in terms of sculptures. This temple rises above a lake as a vast rectangle about 1,000 feet long and 650 feet wide and covers an area of 15 acres. This temple belongs to the 12th century and was built by the different rulers over a period of time and was completely built after three centuries. One of the remarkable feature of the temple is its corridor. This corridor is the longest corridor in the country that extends to 1200 metres and is flanked on either side by ornate pillars. Each pillar is an individual composition carved out of solid granite. Some of the leading architects have also described the temples as the most evolved of all Dravidian temples. There are twenty-two wells in the temple and the taste of the water in each well is different from each other. Kothandaramaswamy Temple The Kothandaramaswamy Temple is another famous temple at Rameshwaram. This temple has idols of Rama, Sita, Lakshman, Hanuman and Vibhishan, the main characters of the epic Ramayana. Kurusadai Island The Kurusadai Island is located close to Rameshwaram. The Kurusadai Island is one of a cluster of 16 islands in the region. The waters surrounding the islands are a biological paradise with rich and rare marine life and coral reefs. Dhanushkodi The Dhanushkodi is situated at the eastern end of the island at a distance of 8 kms from Rameshwaram. Dhnushkodi is named after the Rama's bow. The waters of the Bay of Bengal and Indian ocean meet here. Bathing at this place is considered very auspicious by the Hindus. The bridge here is known as the Adam's bridge and the boulders around the sea are believed to be used by Hanuman to reach across Sri Lanka. Dhanushkodi was completely destroyed by the cyclones of 1964. Gandhamathana Parvtham This highest point on the island lies just 3kms. North of the shrine. A two storeyed mandapam her is believed to have an imprint of the Lord,Ramas feet on a charka. On the way are Sukreevar Temple and Theertham. Agnitheertham Agnitheertham is about 100 metres away from the temple of Ranganathaswamy. This is the place where Lord Rama worshipped Lord Shiva, to cleanse away the sins after killing the Ravana.

Ramanathapuram The ancient town of Ramanathapuram is the district headquarters of Rameshwaram. The Ram Vilas Palace of the Sethupati Rajas is a worth visiting place in Ramanathapuram. The oil portraits of the Rajas of the past centuries and the articulately designed ceilings and walls embellished with eighteenth century murals can be seen in this place. The meetings with the English to battle with the Marathas were also held at this place. Oriyur: The Christian pilgrim centre, 60kms. From Ramnathpuram is the site of martyrdom of St. John De Britto, a Portuguese Jesuit better Known as Arul Anandar. A fine church here enshrines a statue of Arul Anandar. Uthirakosamngai (72 kms.) An ancient Shiva temple here enshrines the image of the presiding deity carved in emerald. Arudhra festival celebrated there in February March every year attracts a large number of devotees. Devipattinam (Navabashanam) (70 kms.) Lord Rama is said to have worshipped the Navagrahas at this coastal village. Hindus perform religious rites for their ancestors over here. Kurusadai Island (20 kms.) It lies to the west of Pamban Bridge, about 4 kms. from Mandapa. The Marine Biosphere here is a paradise for the marine biologists and nature lovers. Rameshwaram Setu Rameshwaram Setu is located about 5 km south of the Ranganathaswamy temple. This is the place where the Lord Rama built the bridge across the sea to bring his consort, Sita back from Ravana, the king of Lanka. There is also a temple of Sri Anjaneya. In Devipatnam, or Navapashanam, also by the sea, there are nine stones visible at low tide. It is believed that they were set up by Sri Rama to represent the nine planets, the Navagrahas.
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How to reach Rameshwaram By Air: The nearest airport is located at Madurai, about 173 kms away. By Rail: Rameswaram is connected with all major cities like Chennai, Madurai, Coimbatore, Trichy and Tanjavur by rail. By Road: Rameshwaram is connected with all the important towns of Tamil Nadu. To know the distances from Rameshwaram click here.

Thanjavur
Information about Thanjavur

Tanjore, now known as Thanjavur is situated only about 50 km. from Trichy. Thanjavur derives its name from Tanjan-an asura, a giant who devastated the neighbourhood and was killed by Sri Anandavalli Amman and Vishnu. Before his death, he requested the city to be named after him and thus the city was named as Tanjore. Thanjavur is also known as the granary of the South India and lies in the delta region of the famous Kaveri river and criss-crossed by lengthy network of irrigation canals. Thanjavur is also known as the "Rice bowl of Tamil Nadu" and famous for the Brihadeshwara Temple. This temple was constructed more than thousand years ago by the King Raja Raja and an architect's marvel. This temple and the other temples in Thanjavur are known all over the world. It is a flourishing centre of bronze sculpture and painting. The Tamil University has been set up recently in Thanjavur and devoted to the growth of Tamil literature and language. The best season to visit Thanjavur is throughout the year. Tamil, English and Marathi are the main languages which are spoken in Thanjavur. History of Thanjavur Thanjavur was the royal city of the Cholas, Nayaks and Mahrattas. The Cholas were the chieftains from the first to the 8th century. They took over Thanjavur and declared it as his capital. During their rule, Thanjavur gained importance. They acquired vast territories and moved into Kerala, Sri Lanka and Maldives. They conquered the area up to Orissa and had trade links with China, Russia and Arabia. The Cholas were the great leaders and patronized literature, art, science and religion. The Cholas encouraged the worship of past kings and thus built temples in their memory. During their rule, India became a major exporting country, with plenty of surplus food, textiles, ivory, sandalwood, camphor, etc. The system of devadasis originated during the rule of Chola kings. The parents also dedicated one of their daughters to the service of the temples. These girls spent their lives in worship and in learning Bharatanatyam. But in course of time, the system degenerated and these innocent girls became victims of the priests. During the period of time, the capital of the Cholas also kept on changing. Thiruvarur was the capital during Manuneethi Cholan. It has been believed from the epics that many Chola kings were ruling from Thanjavur even before Karikala Cholan. Some of the historians believed that Thanjavur was captured by Vijayalaya Cholan from Perumpidugu Muttaraiyan. Rajendra Cholan, Rajarajan's son moved the Chola capital to Gangaikonda Cholapuram. After this, the Chola Kingdom started declining and the Pandya Kings captured Thanjavur. After the Pandya kings, the Vijayanagar kings founded the dynasty of the Thanjavur Nayaks. Thanjavur remained the capital of the Nayaks for the next 125 years till Vijayaraghava. His General Alagiri ruled for another fourteen years. General Venkaji was the half brother of Shivaji the Great. He defeated Alagiri and seized the throne in 1676 because of the dissensions in Nayaks. The Mahrattas ruled in Thanjavur for 179 years. The English first interfered in 1749 AD with a view to the restoration of the deposed King, Saiyaji. In 1758 AD, the French attacked Thanjavur, but were retaken by British in 1773 AD and Thanjavur became a protected state under the East India Company. In 1799 AD, Thanjavur became a British principality and its ruler Sarafoji II was given the fort of Thanjavur and an area outside it. Sivaji died in 1855 AD without an heir and Thanjavur passed directly under British. Tourist Attractions in Thanjavur In Thanjavur, there are about 70 temples. The main attraction of Thanjavur are the temples. The main attraction of Thanjavur is the Brihadeshwara temple or the Big temple. This temple was built by the greatest Chola emperor Raja Raja Chola, and the finest contribution to Dravidan temple architecture. Besides this temple, the various other tourist attractions in Thanjavur are the Royal Palace, Royal Museum, Shivaganga Fort and Saraswathi Mahal Library.

Brihadeshwara temple The Brihadeshwara temple, also known as the Big Temple is the biggest and richest temple that is monumental in design, concept, execution and the greatest architectural achievement of the Chola rulers. This temple was built by Raja Raja Chola, and dedicated to Lord Shiva. A huge Nandi Bull guards the gopuram and its vimana is 64 metres high. This temple stands tall within the Sivaganga Fort and one of the best examples in South India. The fort is encircled by moat in the east and west, the Grand Anicut Channel in the south and the Sivaganga Garden in the north. The temple entrance has an imposing gateway on the east and on the either sides of it stands two small shrines dedicated to Ganapathi and Murugan and further, there is another Gopuram which is 90 feet high. The second Gopuram further leads into the main court in which the temple is built. The inner court is about 500 feet long and 250 feet broad, and well paved with brick and stone. The rich carvings of the temple are still fresh. Inside the temple, there is a portrait of the king with his Guru, his royal visit to Chidambaram, and Lord Shiva riding a chariot drawn by Brahma. In his twenty fifth year of rule and on the 257th day, the king handed over the copper pot for the finial at the top of the Vimana. It weighed about 235 lbs., and was overlaid with gold plate weighing 292.5 Kalanju. Once, the annual income of the temple included 250 kilograms of gold, 300 kilograms of silver and many precious stones. Revenue also came from hundreds of villages donated for the upkeep of the temple.

Royal Palace The Royal Palace is a series of large and rambling buildings of fine masonry, built partly by the Nayaks and partly by the Marathas. The entrance is through a large quandrangular courtyard. The encircling walls are pierced by big gateways in the north and east. The courtyard leads to a pillared hall. On the southern side of the third quadrangle is a vimana like building, about 190 feet high with eight storeys and it is the Goodagopuram. It was the palace watch tower and also the armoury of the Thanjavur Kings till 1855 AD. Madamaligai is the tower which rises from the palace roof beyond the Goodagopuram. It has six storeys and was built by Nayak ruler to worship the Sri Ranganatha of Srirangam every midday. This tower was destroyed by lightning and was subsequently repaired and preserved. The two Durbar Halls of the Nayaks and the Mahrattas and the Raja Sarafoji Saraswathi Mahal Library are the main places in the Royal Palace. The Saraswathi Mahal Library has remarkable collection of about 30,433 sanskrit and other vernacular palm leaf manuscripts, 6,426 printed volumes and a large number of journals. The library is the effort of the three hundred years of collections by the Nayak and Mahratta kings. Royal Museum The Royal Museum houses a remarkable collection of South Indian sculptures and paintings. Within the museum there is a gallery which has a collection of stone sculpture from the Pallava, Chola, Pandya and Nayaka periods. Another gallery contains samples of the characteristic glass paintings of Tanjore. This museum is also known for its bronze sculptures of rare artistic quality which can be seen only in this museum. The Kalyanasundaramurti, the images of Shiva and Parvati at the time of their marriage, is a masterpiece and one of India's finest bronzes. The other famous sculptures are the Bhikshatanamurti and the Vrishabhantika with the Devi. Shivaganga Fort The Shivaganga Fort is situated southwest of the old City. This fort was built by the Sevappa Nayaka, the Nayaka ruler in the mid-16th century. Its battle mented stone walls, which enclose an area of 35 acres are surrounded by a partly rock cut moat. The Square Shivaganga Tank in the fort was excavated to provide drinking water for the city. The fort also contains the Brihadishvara Temple, Schwartz Church, and public amusement park. Shopping in Thanjavur Thanjavur is known for its arts and crafts. Some of the famous crafts are stone, wood, brass and bronze carvings and Tanjore paintings. Its main speciality is the repousse work which includes the tapping a design in the relief from behind and copper work inlaid with brass and silver. There are silk weavers, and makers of musical instruments specially veena and mridangams. The bazaars are buzzing with activity and one can see craftsmen at work. The State Government Emporium Poompuhar on Gandhi Road is the best place to buy crafts of good quality. How to reach here By Air: The nearest airport is located in Trichy, about 65 kms east of Thanjavur. The another airport is located in Madurai. By Train: There is a railway junction in Thanjavur. It is well connected by rail with Trichy, Chennai and Nagore. By Road: Thanjavur is well linked with all the major towns and cities like Chennai, Trichy, Chidambaram, Kochi, Ernakulam, Thiruvananthapuram and Bangalore. To know the distances from Thanjavur click here.

Trichy

Information about Trichy Tiruchirapalli, also known as Trichy, Tiruchy and Thiruchi, is only about 53 kms from Thanjavur. Trichy is situated on the banks of the Kaveri river and the fourth largest city in Tamil Nadu. Trichy has always been a seat of power over the centuries. It was one of the main centers around which the wars of the Carnatic were fought in the 18th century by the British and the French. Today, this city is a thriving commercial centre in Tamil Nadu. This city has given great Tamil scholars whose contributions to the Tamil literature have been very significant. This ancient city is famous for its architectural monuments and culture. The best time to visit Trichy is throughout the year, except in summers, when the days are very hot. Tamil and English are the main languages which are commonly spoken in Trichy. History of Trichy Trichy has a long history which goes back to pre-Christian era. During the first millennium, it changed hands from the Pallavas and the Pandyas when it was taken over by the Cholas in the 10th century. After the Chola rule, it fell into the hands of Vijayanagar rulers and then the Deccan Sultans. The English and the French also tried with their full strength to control this city. Tourist Attractions in Trichy The most important tourist attraction in Trichy is the Rock Fort Temple. This temple is a spectacular monument that is perched on a massive rock which rises abruptly from the plain to tower over the old city. The other tourist attractions in Trichy are the Srirangam Temple, Sri Jambukeshwar Temple, Thiruvanaikkaval and Narthamalai. Rock Fort Temple The Rock Fort Temple is situated right in the centre of the town and visible from all directions. This fort temple belongs to the 7th century and rises at a height of 83 metres from the plains to tower over the old city. The rock is one of the oldest in the world, approximately 3800 million years, which makes it as old as the rocks of Greenland and older than the Himalayas. The main attraction here is not the fort, of which very little remains, but the temple at the summit. To reach the temple, one has to climb 437 steps. The fort played an important part during the Carnatic wars and according to an inscription, mainly contributed to lay the foundations of the British Empire in India. The Uchipillaiyar Koil, a temple dedicated to Lord Vinayaka is located on the top of the rock. This temple offers a wonderful view of the city, Kaveri river, the massive Ranganatha Temple and the Sri Jambukeswar Temple. A flight of steps leads to the Mathrubutheswarar of Thayumanaswami temple, dedicated to Lord Siva where the lingam is a projection of the rock itself. Srirangam Temple The Sri Ranganatha Swami Temple or Srirangam Temple is another important landmark of the city of Trichy. This temple is one of the largest and most interesting temple complexes in India. This temple is built on the Srirangam island in the middle of the Kaveri river and covers an area of 2.5 square kms. The main temple is dedicated to Lord Vishnu. Even muslims are said to have prayed here after the fall of the Vijayanagar Empire. Today, non Hindus are not allowed into the goldtopped sanctum, but they are allowed into the sixth wall. It is surrounded by seven concentric walls and has 21 magnificent gateway towers (gopurams) and a 1000pillared hall with beautiful carvings. The 22nd gateway tower which is about 236 feet high, has been recently completed and is the tallest temple tower in Asia. Thiruvanaikkaval Thiruvanaikkaval is one of the most revered temples dedicated to Lord Shiva. This temple is one of the Panchabhoota Stalams that signifies the 5 elements like wind (Kalahasti), water (Tiruvanaikka), fire (Tiruvannamalai), earth (Kanchipuram) and space (Chidambaram). The water is represented by an undying natural spring in the sanctum. There is said to have been a forest of Jambu trees near the Chandrateertha tank (filled with the water of the Kaveri) here and Shiva is said to have appeared under one of the trees as a Shiva Lingam. According to the legend, the two devotees of Shiva were born under the influence of a curse as a white elephant and a spider. The elephant worshipped Shiva with flowers and brought water in its trunk, and hence the place was known as Tiru Aanaikka.

Sri Jambukeshwar Temple The Sri Jambukeshwar Temple is built on the Srirangam island in the middle of the Kaveri river. This temple is surrounded by 5 concentric walls and has 7 gopurams. This temple has some very beautiful carvings.

Narthamalai Narthamalai has some of the oldest structural stone temples, built by the Mutharaiyars. This temple has six large, skillfully carved statues of Lord Vishnu in the central hall. A 9th century Pallava cave temple dedicated to Lord Shiva lies to the south, and in front of this is the Vijayalaya Choliswaran temple. Vijayalaya was the first Chola ruler and as such this Shiva temple is one of the earliest Chola temple. The artistry can be seen in the beautiful figures of the dancers in front of the vimana, the elegantly carved dwara-palakas and the figures of other Gods. Shopping in Trichy Trichy is famous for its cigars and cheroots. Some of the other famous items of Trichy are brassware, handloom textiles, pith models of temples and the Rock Fort, wood and clay toys, jewellery, ornamental carved brass and copper plates inlaid with silver (Tanjore plates), silks, carpets and musical instruments, artificial diamonds, glass bangles. How to reach here By Air: Trichy is an international airport and receives and operates flights to Colombo. Indian Airlines flights connect it to Chennai, Thiruvananthapuram, Bangalore, etc. By Rail: There are direct rail services to Chennai, Madurai, Thanjavur, Rameshwaram, Tirupathi. By Road: Excellent roads connect Trichy with all the major towns of South India like Trichy and Coimbatore (for Ooty), Madurai, Rameshwaram, Kanyakumari, Chennai. It is about 140 km. from madurai, 302 km. from Ooty and 320 km. from Madras. To know the distances from Trichy click here.

Tamil Nadu Hill Stations

Courtalam Courtalam lies on the mountain ranges of the Western Ghats and a pleasant town. The main attraction of Courtalam is the 300 feet waterfalls on the Chittar river. These falls are considered as a spa and bathing here is considered good for body and soul. There is an interesting temple nearby. Due to all these features, Courtalam has developed into a pleasant hill resort. Kotagiri Kotagiri is situated at an altitude of 2200 metres above sea level, and only 20 kms. from Ooty (Ootacamund). Kotagiri is the third largest, oldest and pleasant hill station in the Nilgiri Hills. Kotagiri is an island of green fields, surrounded by thick forests. Kotagiri is a hiker's paradise, with endless trails. This hill station also had strong presence of the British Raj. This small town is also becoming a commercial town with various banks and shopping facilities. There is a Kota temple in the middle of the town, even though the Kota tribes have moved out of the town. The various attractions in Kotagiri are Kodanaad View point, Elk falls, Rangaswamy Rock and Long Wood Shola. From the Kodanad View Point, one can have a view of Moyar and Bhavani river, Mysore Plateau, valleys, trenches and paddy fields. The Elk falls is the worth visiting place in Kotagiri due to the first European house, built in the Nilgiris and the Badaga settlement. This is a beautiful, quiet and idyllic place for anthropology. Kotagiri has one of the best climate in the world. Coonoor Coonoor is situated at an altitude of about 2000 metres, about 26 kms. down the mountain railway line of Coimbatore. Coonoor is surrounded by tea plantations, pleasant walks and provides opportunities for hikers. The main attraction of Coonoor is Sim's Park. This park was established in 1874 and its beautiful flowerbeds are a botanist's delight. Some of the rare trees and herbs which are grown here are Pine, Magnolia, Phoenix, Turpentine, Camellia, Quercus and Araucaria. The other tourist attractions in Coonoor are Lamb's Rock, Dolphin nose. The Lamb's Rock is known so as the Captain Lamb was responsible for creating a path to this previously inaccessible ravine. The blue skies and mist hanging over the ghats over the Mettupalayam area are certainly a grand sight to watch. The Dolphin nose is a natural rock formation in the form of an uprising dolphin. The St. Catherine's Falls flowing very slowly across the canyon and the Badaga (Local tribe) huts that dot the edge of the serrated cliffs are very delightful place near the Dolphin's Nose. The other tourist attractions around Coonoor are the Law's Falls, Katteri Falls and Droog. The climate is pleasant throughout the year. Yercaud

Yercaud is also the quiet hill resort in Tamil Nadu, situated at an altitude of 1515 meters above sea level. Yercaud is situated in the Servaroyan Hills of Salem district in Tamil Nadu. Yercaud is also referred as the poor man's Ooty. If Ooty is the queen of the hills, Yercaud is the princess! This hill station provides a panoramic and breathtaking views and is surrounded all over by the greenery. Most of the people in Yercaud are tribal. Yercaud is famous for coffee and pepper plantations. Yercaud was also influenced by the Britishers and was a popular summer retreat. The British legacy can be seen and felt in a number of places. The various tourist attraction in Yercaud are Yercaud Lake, Anna Park, Lady's Seat, Killiyur Falls, Pagoda Point, Bear's Cave, Servarayan temple and Grange. The Pagoda Point is known so because of various pyramid-like structures. The Anjaneya temple is believed by the locals as very powerful. One can get a full view of Salem from here. The Yercaud lake is the beautiful lake, surrounded by trees. The Servarayan temple is situated right on the top of the hill. In this temple, the Lord Servarayan resides with his consort Kaveri. The people believe that this deity is the guardian angel for the 67 villages in and around Yercaud. This temple is inside a cave and one has to bend and go in. Yercaud has a mild and plesant climate, due to which this place can be visited throughout the year. October and November are the best month to visit this place. Yelagiri Hills Yelagiri Hills is an idyllic place for a short holiday. Yelagiri Hills are also known as the queen of hill stations and the most pristine and unpolluted hill station in Tamil Nadu. Yelagiri Hills is a backward area with few glaring developments like cottages and farm houses, but this place has still maitained its 'remote' label. The government is also trying to promote Yelagiri as a tourist place. The view in and around the hills is captivating and last for the lifetime. The Jalagamparai water falls is a 5 km trek from Yelagiri downhill. It is a tough trek, but the view from the sides of the mountain, of the valley are rewarding. The two towns in Yelagiri hills are Athnavur and Nilavur. Athnavur is the best place to stay and the last place with traces of modernisation. In Nilavur, the place is full of agricultural land, vegetable and rose farms.

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