WIMAX

1. Wireless LAN (WIFI) 2. Wireless WAN (WIMAX) 3. Evolved Cellular (LTE) 4. IMT-Advanced 5. LTE-Advanced 6. WIMAX New Generation 7. ADSL

Copyright Roshdy H. M. Hafez 1990-2007

What is WiMax?

WiMax is an industrial forum that promotes deployments of Broadband Wireless Networks It supports IEEE801.16 family of standards Certify interoperability of products and technology Global drive for acceptance of broadband wireless

Plate No. 2

Copyright Roshdy H. M. Hafez 1990-2007

IEEE802.16 Family
10 66 GHz WiMax System profiles 10 66 GHz Point-to-Point 2 66 GHz Revision of 802.16 and 802.16a Compatibility to e 2 11 GHz Point-to-Multi-Point Extension 2 6 GHz Support for Mobile and Nomadic computing

802.16

802.16c

802.16a

802.16 REVd

802.16e

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Plate No. 3

Copyright Roshdy H. M. Hafez 1990-2007

IEEE802.16 Bands
Common Powerful MAC

Licensed Licensed 10-66 GHz 10-66 GHz TDM TDM TDMA TDMA 2-11 GHz 2-11 GHz

Unlicensed Unlicensed 2-11 GHz 2-11 GHz 5-6 GHz 5-6 GHz HUMAN HUMAN

Single Carrier Single Carrier OFDM OFDM OFDMA OFDMA

Plate No. 4

Copyright Roshdy H. M. Hafez 1990-2007

Physical Layer 10-66 GHz

1. Line-of-sight is assumed 2. Single Carrier (SC) strategy 3. Burst mode only 4. Burst-by-burst adaptive coding/modulation 5. Three types of duplexing (TDD, FDD and FSDD) 6. Bandwidth management by time division

Plate No. 5

Copyright Roshdy H. M. Hafez 1990-2007

10-66 GHz Channeling

QPSK Channel width Symbol Rate Bit Rate 16-QAM 16Bit Rate 64-QAM 64Bit Rate

MHz 20 25 28
Plate No. 6

Ms/s 16 20 22.4

Mb/s 32 40 44.8

Mb/s 64 80 89.6

Mb/s 96 120 134.4

6

Copyright Roshdy H. M. Hafez 1990-2007

Duplexing Modes
Two Frequencies / Full Duplex

FDD = Frequency Division

Three Modes

Multiplexing FSDD = Frequency Switched Division Multiplexing TDD = Time Division Two Frequencies Multiplexing Half Duplex
Single Frequency

Plate No. 7

Copyright Roshdy H. M. Hafez 1990-2007

Frequency Division Multiplexing

Frame Downlink

Uplink

Broadcast

Full Duplex

First Half Duplex

Second Half Duplex

8

Plate No. 8

Copyright Roshdy H. M. Hafez 1990-2007

Framing
Hyper-Frame
31 0 1 2 k 31 0

Multi-Frame
15 0 1 m 15 0

Frame
Physical Slot (PS)

Frame length = 1 ms (typical) 0 1 2 3

Modulation symbols

Plate No. 9

Copyright Roshdy H. M. Hafez 1990-2007

The TDD Mode

Frame length = 1 ms (typical) Downlink Uplink

Physical Slot (PS)

Adaptive Boundary

Turn Around Times

Plate No. 10

Copyright Roshdy H. M. Hafez 1990-2007

10

TDD Down Link (DL)

Transition
Control TDM

P DL Map UL Map

TDM DIUC a

TDM DIUC b

TDM DIUC c

Preamble

Decreasing Robustness

DIUC = Downlink Interval Usage Code

Plate No. 11

Copyright Roshdy H. M. Hafez 1990-2007

11

TDD DL Frame Control

No encryption Fixed burst profile (known a priori) DIUC=0 DL-Map UL-Map
Physical Synch. Field DL Channel Descriptor (DCD) count Base Station ID Number of DL-Map elements

UL Channel ID UL Channel Descriptor (UCD) count Number of UL-Map Elements Allocation start times

Plate No. 12

Copyright Roshdy H. M. Hafez 1990-2007

12

FDD Down Link (DL)

Control

TDM Portion

TDMA Portion

Decreasing Robustness

Un-ordered Robustness

DL Map

UL Map

TDM DIUC a

TDM DIUC b

TDM DIUC c

TDMA DIUC d

TDMA DIUC e

TDMA DIUC g

Frame Preamble
Plate No. 13
Copyright Roshdy H. M. Hafez 1990-2007

Burst Preamble
13

DL Block Diagram (Base)

2 Mandatory schemes & Encapsulated 2 Optional schemes Data QPSK 16QAM 64QAM Square Root Raised Cosine 0.25 Excess BW

Scrambler

FEC

Preamble

Symbol Mapping

Pulse Shaping

Fixed Initialization sequence

Insert preamble Preamble is NOT randomized

Quad IF Modulator

RF

Plate No. 14

Copyright Roshdy H. M. Hafez 1990-2007

14

DL FEC (cont.)
Type 1 High C/I Moderate C/I Low C/I Very Low C/I Type 4 Type 3 Type 2

Low Code Rate

Plate No. 15

Moderate Code Rate

High Code Rate

15

Copyright Roshdy H. M. Hafez 1990-2007

Up Link (UL) Framing

SS Transition Gap Initial Maintenance Opportunities UIUC=2 Request Contention Opportunity UIUC=1 SS 1 Scheduled Data UIUC=i Tx/Rx Transition Gap (TDD) SS N Scheduled Data UIUC=j

Access burst
Plate No. 16

collision Access burst

BW Request Burst

BW collision Request Burst

16

Copyright Roshdy H. M. Hafez 1990-2007

UL Burst Profile
Each UL burst profile includes:
Modulation type (QPSK, 16QAM, 64 QAM) FEC Code type Last codeword length Preamble length (16 or 32) Scrambler seed (15 bit)
Burst

Preamble
Plate No. 17

Variable Packet Length

Copyright Roshdy H. M. Hafez 1990-2007

Guard Time
17

Physical Layer 2-11 GHz

1. No Line-of-Sight assumed 2. Shadowing and Multipath 3. Single Carrier (SC), OFDM or OFDMA 4. Licensed Bands: 1. Wireless MAN-SC 2. Wireless MAN-OFDM 3. Wireless MAN-OFDMA 5. License-Exempt Bands: Wireless HUMAN

Plate No. 18

Copyright Roshdy H. M. Hafez 1990-2007

18

MAC Principles
Common MAC 802.16.1
Enhanced

10-66 GHz

2-11 GHz

5-6 GHz Unlicensed

Common Simplified & Flexible

Plate No. 19

Copyright Roshdy H. M. Hafez 1990-2007

19

Independence of the physical layer

MAC
Transmission Convergence Sub-layer

Same Rules Isolator TDM/TDMA OFDM OFDMA

Physical

Plate No. 20

Copyright Roshdy H. M. Hafez 1990-2007

20

Independence of Upper layer Protocols

IP ATM Ethernet etc Isolator Same Rules

Upper Layers Protocols

Packet-Based Convergence Sub-layer

MAC
Transmission Convergence Sub-layer

Physical

Plate No. 21

Copyright Roshdy H. M. Hafez 1990-2007

21

Independence of Upper and Lower layers

IP ATM Ethernet etc Isolator Same Rules Isolator TDM/TDMA OFDM OFDMA
Copyright Roshdy H. M. Hafez 1990-2007

Upper Layers Protocols

Packet-Based Convergence Sub-layer

MAC
Transmission Convergence Sub-layer

Physical

Plate No. 22

22

Burst by Burst Adaptation

Burst Mode Only

Data Flow

Time

Burst Parameters Adapt to Channel Conditions

Modulation Coding Scrambling. etc

Plate No. 23

Copyright Roshdy H. M. Hafez 1990-2007

23

The Adaptive Burst Mode View*

* Extracted from 802.16 working documents

Plate No. 24
Copyright Roshdy H. M. Hafez 1990-2007

24