BI TP CHUYN IN PHN

L Thanh Phong Lp 2010A - Khoa Ha - HSP Hu I. nh ngha : S in phn l qu trnh oxi ha - kh xy ra b mt cc in cc khi c dng in mt chiu i qua cht in li nng chy hoc dung dch cc cht in li ; bao gm in phn nng chy v in phn dung dch cht in li trong nc ( in phn dung dch ) II. Qu trnh in phn dung dch : 1. Nguyn tc cnh tranh : 1.1 catot (-) : nu c nhiu cht oxi ha th cht no c tnh oxi ha mnh hn s tham gia nhn e trc. Th t nhn e catot ( theo chiu tng dn tnh oxi ha ) : K+, Ba2+, Ca2+, Na+, Mg2+, Al3+( kim loi nh ) H2O, Zn2+, Fe2+, Cd2+, Ni2+, Sn2+, Pb2+, H+, Cu2+, Fe3+, Hg2+, Ag+, Pt2+, Au3+ ( kim loi nng ) Cc cation kim loi nng b in phn theo th t t phi qua tri : Mn+ + ne M . c bit H+ ca axit b in phn : 2H+ + 2e H2. H+ ca nc b in phn : 2H2O + 2e 2OH- + H2 Cc cation kim loi nh khng b in phn m thay vo l s in phn H+ ca nc 1.2 anot (+): nu c nhiu cht kh th cht no c tnh kh mnh hn s tham gia nhng e trc. Th t nhng e anot ( theo chiu tnh kh tng dn ):NO3-, SO42-, PO43-, ClO4-, F-, H2O, RCOO-, Cl-, Br-, I- , S2-. Cc anion gc axit khng cha oxi b in phn theo th t t phi sang tri : S2- S + 2e 2X- X2 + 2e (halogen ) K tip l : RCOO- R-R + 2CO2 + 2e OH- ca baz : 4OH- 2H2O + O2 + 4e OH- ca nc : 2H2O 4H+ + O2 + 4e Cc anion gc axit c cha oxi ( tr RCOO- ) khng b in phn m thay vo l OH- ca nc s b in phn 2. Nguyn tc bo ton : tng s mol e nhng anot bng tng s mol e nhn catot. III. nh lut Faraday v mt s lu : 1. Cng thc Faraday : m =
AIt nF

=> h qu - s mol e trao i :ne =

It 96500

(*)

vi t c n v l s 2. Mt s lu : - Khi lng dung dch trc v sau in phn : mdd sau = mdd u - mkt ta - mkh - Cht rn thot ra c th l kim loi (c th l kt ta ca mt kim loi hoc c c hai ). - Cht kh thot ra sau in phn gm c kh thot ra anot v catot ( tr kh gy ra phn ng ph, to sn phm tan trong dung dch ). - in phn dung dch mt mui cho n khi catot bt u c kh thot ra ngha l in phn dung dch mui hon ton. - Nu bi cho 2 yu t cng dng in v thi gian in phn th ta p dng cng thc (*) thay cho cng thc Faraday, ri bin lun tip trt t in phn i n kt qu bi ton... II. BI TP V D : V d 1 : Vit phng trnh in phn dung dch AgNO3. Catot(-) [ Ag+ , H2O ] Anot(+) [ NO3-, H2O ] Ag+ + e Ag 2H2O 4H+ + O2 + 4e => Phng trnh in phn : 4AgNO3 + 2H2O dpcm n 4Ag + 4HNO3 + O2 V d 2 : in phn 100 ml dung dch CuSO4 dng hai in cc tr v dng in 1 chiu cng I = 1A n khi catot bt u c bt kh thot ra th dng li. Dung dch sau in phn c pH =1. Bit hiu sut phn ng in phn l 100%. Tnh thi gian in phn v nng mol ca dung dch CuSO4. Hng dn gii : V in phn n khi catot bt u c bt kh thot ra nn Cu2+ in phn xong. pH = 1 [H+] = 0,1M nH+ = 0,01 mol. Catot : Cu2+ +2e Cu 0,005 0,01 Anot : 2H2O 4H+ + O2 + 4e 0,01 0,01 Ta c : ne = (1.t)/96500 => t = 965 (s) nCu2+ = 0,005 mol CM(CuSO4) = 0,05M III. BI TP:

-1-

Cu 1 : in phn 500 ml dung dch CaCl2 vi in cc platin c mng ngn thu c 123 m kh (27oC v 1atm) anot. Tnh pH ca dung dch sau in phn, coi th tch dung dch thay i khng ng k ( /s : pH = 12,3 ) Cu 2 : in phn 200 ml dung dch Cu(NO3)2 aM n khi bt u c kh thot ra catot th dng li. yn dung dch sau in phn n khi khi lng ca catot khng i th thy c 3,2 gam kim loi bm vo catot. Tnh a. ( /s : 1M ) Cu 3 : in phn dung dch c cha Fe(NO3)3 v Cu(NO3)2 sau mt thi gian ngng in phn khi dung dch va ht mu xanh thu c 0,168 lit kh (ktc) ti anot, khi lng dung dch gim 0,88 gam. Tnh khi lng tng mui c trong dung dch trc in phn. Cu 4 :in phn 100ml dung dch Fe2(SO4)3 1M (in cc tr), vi cng dng in I = 2,68A trong thi gian t gi th bt u c kh thot ra catot (hiu sut ca qu trnh in phn l 100%). Gi tr ca t l bao nhiu ? Cu 5: in phn vi in cc tr dung dch hn hp ch HCl v 7,8 gam MCl2 n khi ht M2+ thy anot c 2,464 lit kh Cl2 v catot lc u c 1,12 lit kh H2 thot ra, sau n kim loi M thot ra. Hiu sut phn ng in phn l 100%. Cng thc ca mui l : A. FeCl2 B. ZnCl2 C. CdCl2 D. NiCl2 Cu 6: in phn dung dch hn hp hai mui CuCl2 v FeCl2 vi cng dng in khng i I = 2A trong 48 pht 15 giy, catot thy thot ra 1,752 gam kim loi. Khi lng Cu thot ra l bao nhiu gam : A. 0,576 B. 0,408 C. 1,344 D. 1,176 Cu 7 : Cht rn B gm 0,84 gam Fe v 1,92 gam Cu tc dng ht vi Cl2 d sau ly sn phm ha tan trong nc c dung dch E. in phn E vi in cc tr ti khi anot thu c 504 ml kh (ktc). H = 100%. Khi lng catot tng ln bao nhiu gam : A. 1,41 B. 0,96 C. 1,14 D. 0,84 Cu 8 : in phn dung dch cha 0,02 mol FeSO4 v 0,06 mol HCl vi I = 1,34A trong 2h (in cc tr, mng ngn). B qua s ha tan ca kh clo trong nc, coi hiu sut in phn l 100%. Khi lng kim loi thot ra catot v th tch kh (ktc) thot ra anot l : A. 11,2 gam v 8,96 lit B. 1,12 gam v 0,896 lit C. 5,6 gam v 4,48 lit D. 0,56 gam v 0,448lit Cu 9 : Dung dch X cha HCl, CuSO4 v Fe2(SO4)3. Ly 400ml dung dch X em in phn (in cc tr) vi I = 7,72A n khi catot c -2-

0,08 mol Cu th dng li. Khi anot c 0,1 mol mt cht kh bay ra. Thi gian in phn v nng mol/lit ca Fe2+ ln lt l : A. 2300s v 0,10M B. 2500s v 0,10M C. 2300s v 0,15M D. 2500s v 0,15M Cu 10 : in phn dung dch CuCl2 vi in cc tr, sau mt thi gian thu c 0,32 gam Cu catot v mt lng kh X anot. Hp th hon ton lng kh X trn vo 200 ml dung dch NaOH ( nhit thng). Sau phn ng nng NaOH cn li l 0,05M (gi thit th tch dung dch thay i khng ng k). Nng ban u ca dung dch NaOH l : A. 0,15M B. 0,20M C. 0,10M D. 0,05M Cu 11 : in phn 100ml dung dch cha NaCl vi in cc tr, c mng ngn vi I = 1,93A. Th tch dung dch sau in phn xem nh khng i v hiu sut phn ng in phn 100%. Thi gian in phn c dung dch c pH = 12 l : A. 50s B. 100s C. 150s D. 200s Cu 12 : in phn 200 ml dung dch gm AgNO3 0,1M v Cu(NO3)2 0,2 M vi in cc tr, cng dng in I = 5 A, trong thi gian 19 pht 18 giy. Khi lng dung dch sau in phn gim m gam. Tnh m, bit hiu sut in phn l 80 % , b qua s bay hi ca nc. A. 3,92g B. 3,056g C. 6,76g D. 3,44g Cu 13 : in phn 100ml dung dch cha AgNO30,2M v Cu(NO3)20,1M vi I=2A . Tnh thi gian (t) in phn kt ta ht Cu . A. 490s B. 965s C. 1505s D. 1930s Cu 14 : in phn 200 ml dung dch CuSO4 0,50M v Na2SO4 0,10M (in cc tr, hiu sut in phn 100%) vi cng 10A trong 35 pht 23 giy. Dung dch sau in phn c kh nng ho tan m gam Fe3O4. Gi tr ln nht ca m l : A. 5,800 B. 6,380 C. 6,960 D. 6,496 Cu 15 : Tin hanh in phn co mang ngn xp 500 ml dung dich cha hn hp HCl 0,02 M va NaCl 0,2 M sau khi anot giai phong 0,448lit khi ktc. Cn bao nhiu ml dd HNO3 trung hoa ht dung dich sau in phn : A. 200 B. 250 C. 400 D. 300 Cu 16 : Mc ni tip 2 bnh in phn : bnh (1) cha dung dch MCl2 v bnh (2) cha dung dch AgNO3. Sau 3 pht 13 giy th catt bnh (1) thu c 1,6 gam kim loi cn catt bnh (2) thu c 5,4 gam kim loi. C hai bnh u khng thy kh catt thot ra. Kim loi M l : A. Zn B. Cu C. Ni D. Pb