UNIT-I

1. Determine the energy oI the discrete time sequence

x(n) ()n, n_0
3 n, n0
2. DeIine multi channel and multi dimensional signals
3. DeIine symmetric and anti symmetric signals.
4. DiIIerentiate recursive and non recursive diIIerence equations.
5. What is meant by impulse response?
6. What is meant by LTI system?
7. What are the basic steps involved in convolution?
8. DeIine the Auto correlation and Cross correlation?
9. What is the causality condition Ior an LTI system?
10. What is zero padding? What are it uses?
11. State the Sampling Theorem.
12 What is an anti imaging and anti aliasing Iilter?
13. Determine the signals are periodic and Iind the Iundamental period
in\ 2 at
i) sin 20at sin5at
14. Give the mathematical and graphical representations oI a unit sample, unit step
sequence.
15. Sketch the discrete time signal x(n) 4 o (n4) o(n) 2 o (n-1) o (n-2) -5 o (n-3)
16. Find the periodicity oI x(n) cost(2an / 7)
17. What is inverse system?
18. Write the relationship between system Iunction and the Irequency response.
19. DeIine commutative and associative law oI convolutions.
20. What is meant by Nyquist rate and Nyquist interval?
21. What is an aliasing? How to overcome this eIIect?
22. What are the disadvantages oI DSP?
23. State initial value theorem oI Z transIorm.
24 What are the diIIerent methods oI evaluating inverse z transIorm?
25 What is meant by ROC?
26 What are the properties oI ROC?
27 What is zero padding? What are it uses?
28 State convolution property oI Z transIorm.
29 State Cauchy residue theorem.
30 DeIine Iourier transIorm.
31 DeIine discrete Iourier series.
32 Compare linear and circular convolution.
33 Distinguish between Fourier series and Fourier transIorm.
34 What is the relation between Iourier transIorm and z transIorm.
35 What is the use oI Fourier transIorm?
36. DeIine system Iunction.
37. State Parseval relation in z transIorm

CLASSIFICATION OF SYSTEMS:
1. Determine whether the Iollowing system are linear, time-invariant
i)y(n) Ax(n) B
ii)y(n) x(2n)
iii)y(n) n x2 (n)
iv)y(n) a x(n)
2. Check Ior Iollowing systems are linear, causal, time in variant, stable, static
i) y(n) x(2n)
ii) y(n) cos (x(n))
iii) y(n) x(n) cos (x(n)
iv) y(n) x(-n2)
v) y(n) x(n) n x (n1)
3.a) For each impulse response determine the system is i) stable ii) causal (8)
i) h(n) sin a n / 2)
ii) h(n) o(n) sin a n
iii) h(n) 2 n u(-n)
. b)Find the periodicity oI the signal x(n) sin an / 3) .48 a n / 2) (8)
4. Explain in detail about A to D conversion with suitable block diagram and to
reconstruct the signal.
5 a) State and prooI oI sampling theorem. (8)
b)What are the advantages oI DSP over analog signal processing? (8)
6 a)Explain successive approximation technique. (8)
b)Explain the sample and hold circuit. (8)
TRANSFORM:
1. a)State and prooI the properties oI Z transIorm. (8)
b)Find the Z transIorm oI (8)
i) x(n) | (1/2)n (1/4)n | u(n)
ii) x(n) n(-1)n u(n)
iii) x(n) (-1)n cos (an/3) u(n)
iv) x(n) () n-5 u(n-2) 8(n-5)
2 a) Find the Z transIorm oI the Iollowing sequence and ROC and sketch the pole zero
diagram (8)
i) x(n) an u(n) b n u(n) c n u(-n-1) , ,a, ,b, , c,
ii) x(n) n2 an u(n)
b)Find the convolution oI using z transIorm (8)
x1(n) (1/3) n, n~0
(1/2) - n n0 }
x2(n) (1/2) n
INVERSE TRANSFORM:
5. Find the inverse z transIorm
X(z) log (1-2z) z ,1/2 ,
X(z) log (1az-1) ,z, ~ ,a,
X(z) 1/1az-1 where a is a constant
X(z)z2/(z-1)(z-2)
X(z) 1/ (1-z-1) (1-z-1)2
X(z) Z0.2/(Z0.5)(Z-1) Z~1 using long division method.
X(z) 1- 11/4 z-1 / 1-1/9 z-2 using residue method.
X(z) 1- 11/4 z-1 / 1-1/9 z-2 using convolution method.
6.. A causal LTI system has impulse response h(n) Ior which Z transIorm is given by H(z)
1 z -1 / (1-1/2 z -1 ) (11/4 z -1 )
i) What is the ROC oI H (z)? Is the system stable?
ii) Find THE Z transIorm X(z) oI an input x(n) that will produce the output y(n) - 1/3
(-1/4)n u(n)- 4/3 n u(-n-1)
iii) Find the impulse response h(n) oI the system.
ANALYSIS OF LTI SYSTEM:
7. a)The impulse response oI LTI system is h(n)(1,2,1,-1).Find the response oI the system to
the input x(n)(2,1,0,2) (8)
b). Determine the response oI the causal system y(n) y(n-1) x(n) x(n-1) to inputs
x(n)u(n) and x(n) 2 n u(n).Test its stability (8)
8. Determine the magnitude and phase response oI the given equation
y(n) x(n)x(n-2)
9. a)Determine the Irequency response Ior the system given by
y(n)-y3/4y(n-1)1/8 y(n-2) x(n)- x(n-1) (8)
b). Determine the pole and zero plot Ior the system described diIIerence equations
y(n)x(n)2x(n-1)-4x(n-2)x(n-3) (8)
10. Find the output oI the system whose input- output is related by the diIIerence equation
y(n) -5/6 y(n-1) 1/6 y(n-2) x(n) -1/2 x(n-1) Ior the step input.
11. Find the output oI the system whose input- output is related by the diIIerence equation
y(n) -5/6 y(n-1) 1/6 y(n-2) x(n) -1/2 x(n-1) Ior the x(n) 4 n u(n).
CONVOLUTION:
12. Find the output oI an LTI system iI the input is x(n) (n2) Ior 0_ n_ 3
and h(n) an u(n) Ior all n
13. Find the convolution sum oI x(n) 1 n -2,0,1
2 n -1
0 elsewhere
and h(n) o (n) o (n-1) o( n-2) - o (n-3) .
14. Find the convolution oI the Iollowing sequence x(n) (1,2,-1,1) , h(n) (1, 0 ,1,1)
15.Find the output sequence y(n) iI h(n) (1,1,1) and x(n) (1,2,3,1) using a circular
Convolution.
16. Find the convolution y(n) oI the signals
x(n) u n, -3 _ n _ 5 and h(n) 1, 0 _ n _ 4
0, elsewhere } 0, elsewhere }
UNIT


1. How many multiplication and additions are required to compute N point DFT using
radix 2 FFT?
2. DeIine DTFT pair.
3. What are Twiddle Iactors oI the DFT?
4. State Periodicity Property oI DFT.
5. What is the diIIerence between DFT and DTFT?
6. Why need oI FFT?
7. Find the IDFT oI Y (k) (1, 0, 1, 0)
8. Compute the Fourier transIorm oI the signal x(n) u(n) u(n-1).
9. Compare DIT and DIF?
10. What is meant by in place in DIT and DIF algorithm?
11. Is the DFT oI a Iinite length sequence is periodic? II so, state the reason.
12. Draw the butterIly operation in DIT and DIF algorithm?
13. What is meant by radix 2 FFT?
14. State the properties oI W N
k ?
15. What is bit reversal in FFT?
16. Determine the no oI bits required in computing the DFT oI a 1024 point sequence
with SNR oI 30dB.
17. What is the use oI Fourier transIorm?
18. What are the advantages FFT over DFT?

FOURIER TRANSFORM:
1. a) Determine the Fourier transIorm oI x (n) a ,n,; -11
(8)
b) Determine the Inverse Fourier transIorm H (w) (1-ae-jw) -1 (8)
2. State and prooI the properties oI Fourier transIorm
FFT:
3. Determine the Discrete Fourier transIorm x (n) (1, 1, 1, 1) and
ProoI x(n)*h(n) X(z) H(z
4. Derive and draw the 8 point FFT-DIT butterIly structure.
5. Derive and draw the 8 point FFT-DIF butterIly structure.
6.Compute the DFT Ior the sequence.(0.5,0.5,0.5,0.5,0,0,0,0)
7.Compute the DFT Ior the sequence.(1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0)
8.Find the DFT oI a sequence x(n)(1,1,0,0) and Iind IDFT oI Y(k) (1,0,1,0)
9. II x (n) sin (nH/2), n0, 1, 2, 3
10. h (n) 2 n , n0,1,2,3.Find IDFT and sketch it.
11.Find 4 point DFT using DIF oI x(n) (0,1,2,3)
12.a)Discuss the properties oI DFT. (10)
b).Discuss the use oI FFT algorithm in linear Iiltering. (6)
UNIT 3& 4
1. DeIine canonic and non canonic Iorm realizations.
2. Draw the direct Iorm realizations oI FIR systems?
3. Mention advantages oI direct Iorm II and cascade structure?
4. DeIine Bilinear TransIormation.
5. What is prewar ping? Why is it needed?
6. Write the expression Ior location oI poles oI normalized Butterworth Iilter.
7. Distinguish between FIR and IIR Filters.
8. What is linear phase Iilter?
9. What are the design techniques available Ior IIR Iilter?
10. What is the main drawback oI impulse invariant mapping?
11. Compare impulse invariant and bilinear transIormation.
12. Why IIR Iilters do not have linear phase?
13. Mention the properties oI Butterworth Iilter?
14. Mention the properties oI Chebyshev Iilter?
15. Why impulse invariant method is not preIerred in the design oI high pass IIR Iilter?
16. Give the transIorm relation Ior converting LPF to BPF in digital domain.
17. What are Gibbs oscillations?
18. Explain brieIly Hamming window .
19. II the impulse response oI the symmetric linear phase FIR Iilter oI length 5 is h(n)
2, 3, 0, x, y), then Iind the values oI x and y.
20. What are the desirable properties oI windowing technique?
21. Write the equation oI Bartlett window.
22.Why IIR Iilters do not have linear phase?
23.Why FIR Iilters are always stable?
24.Why rectangular window are not used in FIR Iilter design using window method?
25.What are the advantages oI FIR Iilter?
26.What are the advantages and disadvantages oI window?
27.What is the necessary condition and suIIicient condition Ior the linear phase characteristic oI a
FIR Iilter?
28.Compare Hamming and Hanning window?
29.Why triangular window is not a good choice Ior designing FIR Filter?
30.Why Kaiser window is most used Ior designing FIR Filter?
31.What is the advantages in linear phase realization oI FIR systems?

Stru.ture8 41 IIR 88tem8:
1. Obtain the cascade and parallel Iorm realizations Ior the Iollowing systems
Y (n) -0.1(n-1) 0.2 y (n-2) 3x (n) 3.6 x (n-1) 0.6 x (n-2)
2.a) Obtain the Direct Iorm II
y (n) -0.1(n-1) 0.72 y(n-2) 0.7x(n) -0.252 x(n-2) (8)
b) .Find the direct Iorm II
H (z) 8z-25z-11 / 7z-38z-21 (8)
3. Obtain the i) Direct Iorms ii) cascade iii) parallel Iorm realizations Ior the Iollowing systems
y (n) 3/4(n-1) 1/8 y(n-2) x(n) 1/3 x(n-1)
4.Find the direct Iorm I, cascade and parallel Iorm Ior
H(Z) z -1 -1 / 1 0.5 z-10.06 z-2
IIR FILTER DESIGN:
6. Explain the method oI design oI IIR Iilters using bilinear transIorm method.
7. a)Derive bilinear transIormation Ior an analog Iilter with system Iunction H(s) b/ s a (8)
b) For the analog transIer Iunction H(s) 2 / (s1) (s3) .
Determine H (z) using bilinear transIormation. With T0.1 sec (8)
8. a)Convert the analog Iilter H(s) 0.5 (s4) / (s1)(s2) using impulse invariant transIormation
T0.31416s (8)
b)The normalized transIer Iunction oI an analog Iilter is given by H a (sn) 1/ sn
2 1.414 s n 1.
Convert analog Iilter to digital Iilter with cut oII Irequency oI 0.4 a using bilinear transIormation.
(8)
9. Design a single pole low pass digital IIR Iilter with -3db bandwidth oI 0.2H by using bilinear
transIormation.
10. For the constraints
0.8 _ ,H (e jw), _1, 0 _ e _ 0.2a
,H (e jw), _0.2, 0.6a _ e _a with T 1 sec .Determine system Iunction H(z) Ior a Butterworth
Iilter using Bilinear transIormation.
11.Design a digital Butterworth Iilter satisIying the Iollowing speciIications
0.7 _ ,H (e jw), _1, 0 _ e _ 0.2a
,H (e jw), _0.2, 0.6a _ e _a with T 1 sec .Determine system Iunction H(z) Ior a Butterworth
Iilter using impulse invariant transIormation.
12. Design a digital Chebyshev low pass Iilter satisIying the Iollowing speciIications 0.707 _ ,H (e
jw), _1, 0 _ e _ 0.2a
,H (e jw), _0.1 0.5 _ e _a with T 1 sec using Ior bilinear transIormation.
13.Design a digital Butterworth High pass Iilter satisIying the Iollowing speciIications
0.9 _ ,H (e jw), _1, 0 _ e _ a/2
,H (e jw), _0.2, 3a/4 _ e _a with T 1 sec. using impulse invariant transIormation
14. Design a realize a digital Iilter using bilinear transIormation Ior the Iollowing speciIications
i) Monotonic pass band and stop band
ii) -3.01 db cut oII at 0.5 a rad
iii) Magnitude down at least 15 db at e 0.75 a rad.
FIR FILTER
15.a) Prove that an FIR Iilter has linear phase iI the unit sample response satisIies the condition h(n)
h(M-1-n), n 0,1,... M-1.Also discuss symmetric and anti symmetric cases oI FIR Iilter.
(8)
b) Explain the need Ior the use oI window sequence in the design oI FIR Iilter. Describe the
window sequence generally used and compare the properties. (8)
16. Design a HPF oI length 7 with cut oII Irequency oI 2 rad/sec using Hamming window. Plot the
magnitude and phase response.
17. Explain the principle and procedure Ior designing FIR Iilter using rectangular window
18. Design a Iilter with
H d (e
je) e - 3 je , a/4 _ e _ a/4
0. a/4 _ e _ a using a Hamming window with N7.
19. H (w) 1 Ior , e , _ a/3 and , e , _2 a/3
0 otherwise Ior N11. and Iind the response.
20.Design a FIR Iilter whose Irequency response
H (e je) 1 a/4 _ e _ 3a/4
0. , e , _3 a/4.
Calculate the value oI h(n) Ior N11 and hence Iind H(z).
21.Design an ideal diIIerentiator with Irequency response H (e je) jw -a _ e _ a
using hamming window Ior N8 and Iind the Irequency response.
22.Design an ideal Hilbert transIormer having Irequency response
H (e je) j -a _ e _ 0
-j 0 _ e _ a Ior N11 using rectangular window.
FIR 8tru.ture8:
23.a) Determine the direct Iorm oI Iollowing system (8)
H (z) 12z-1 - 3z-2 4z-3 - 5z-4
b). Obtain the cascade Iorm realizations oI FIR systems (8)
H (z) 15/2 z-1 2z-2 2 z-3


UNIT 5
MARK
1) Give some example oI DSP
2) Explain Interpolation
3) Explain decimation
4) What is know to be subband coding
5) DeIine sampling rate conversion
6) How the image enchancement is achieved using DSP
7) DeIine compression
8) What are various compression technique
9) Explain subband coding
10) DeIine vocoders
11) Explain adaptive Iiltering
16MARK
1) Explain the concept oI deciation by a Iactor D and interpolation by Iactor I
2) With help oI equation explain sampling rate conversion by a rational Iactor I/D
3) Explain the Iollowing application
i) speech compression
ii) sound processing
4) With help diagram explain adaptive Iiltering process
5) Explain speech vocoders and subband coding
6) Explain how image enchancement was achieved