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Marketing Mix Marketing Mix is the set of marketing tools that the firm uses to pursue its marketing objectives. Marketing mix has a classification for these marketing tools. These marketing are classified and called as the Four Ps i.e. Product, Price, Place and Promotion. The most basic marketing tool is product which includes product design, quality, features, branding, and packaging. A critical marketing tool is price i.e. the amount of money that customers pay for the product. It also includes discounts, allowances, credit terms and payment period. Place is another key marketing mix tool. And it includes various activities the company undertakes to make the product accessible and available to the customer. Some factors that decide the place are transport facilities, channels of distribution, coverage area, etc. Promotion is the fourth marketing mix tool which includes all the activities that the company undertakes to communicate and promote its product to target market. Promotion includes sales promotion, advertising, sales force, public relations, direct marketing, etc. Product In marketing, a product is anything that can be offered to a market that might satisfy a want or need. It is of two types: Tangible (physical) and Intangible (non-physical). Since services have been at the forefront of all modern marketing strategies, some intangibility has become essential part of marketing offers. It is therefore the complete bundle of benefits or satisfactions that buyers perceive they will obtain if they purchase the product. It is the sum of all physical, psychological, symbolic, and service attributes, not just the physical merchandise. All products offered in a market can be placed between Tangible (Pure Product) and Intangible (Pure Service) spectrum. A product is similar to goods. In accounting, goods are physical objects that are available in the marketplace. This differentiates them from a service, which is a non-material product. The term goods is used primarily by those that wish to abstract from the details of a given product. As such it is useful in accounting and economic models. The term product is used primarily by those that wish to examine the details and richness of a specific market offering. As such it is useful to marketers, managers, and quality control specialists. A service is a non-material or intangible product - such as professional consultancy, serving, or an entertainment experience. Coke Product The Coca-Cola formula is The Coca-Cola Company's secret recipe for Coca-Cola. As a publicity marketing strategy started by Robert W. Woodruff, the company presents the formula as one of the most closely held trade secrets ever and only a few employees know or have access to.

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This Coca-Cola formula appears to be the original formula to Coca-Cola. It is from the book For God, Country and Coca-Cola.

The company Coca-cola is a multinational and it is not limited to one product. Through the years they have invented and introduced many products than their main cola drinks. The list of Coca-cola brands are as follows:

1.

2.
3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

10.
11.

Appletiser Aquarius BPM Energy Barq's Beat soda Beverly Cannings Cheers Ciel Coca-Cola Black Cherry Vanilla Coca-Cola Blak

36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47.

Lemon & Paeroa Lift Lift plus Lilt Manzana Lift Mare Rosso Mello Yello Mezzo Mix Minute Maid Nestea New Coke Nordic Mist

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12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. Coca-Cola C2 Coca-Cola Cherry Coca-Cola Citra Coca-Cola M5 Coca-Cola Zero Coca-Cola Coca-Cola with Lemon Coca-Cola with Lime Dasani Delaware Punch Diet Coke Fanta Fanta Citrus Fioravanti Fresca Frisco Fruitopia Frutonic Full Throttle Georgia Hi-C Hit Kia-Ora Kinley 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. OK Soda Pibb Xtra Powerade Qoo Raspberry Coke Relentless Sarsi Senzao Simply Orange Smart Sparkle Sprite Sprite Ice Sprite Remix Sprite Zero Surge Swerve Tab Tab Clear Tab Energy Tab X-Tra Tiky Vault

Pepsi Product The Pepsi-Cola drink contains basic ingredients found in most other similar drinks including carbonated water, high fructose corn syrup, sugar, colorings, phosphoric acid, caffeine, citric acid and natural flavors. The caffeine free Pepsi-Cola contains the same ingredients but no caffeine. Some of the different and varied brands of Pepsi are as follows: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. All Sport Aquafina Caffeine-Free Pepsi Crystal Pepsi Diet Pepsi Gatorade Izze Jazz 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. Pepsi Pepsi Pepsi Pepsi Pepsi Pepsi Pepsi Pepsi Blue Cappuccino Max ONE Samba Tarik Twist

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9. Josta 10. Kas 11. Manzanita Sol 12. Mirinda 13. Mountain Dew 14. Mountain Dew AMP 15. Mountain Dew LiveWire 16. Mountain Dew MDX 17. Mug Root Beer 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. Propel Fitness Water Sierra Mist Slice SoBe Storm Teem Tropicana Products Tropicana Twister

Coke v/s Pepsi-Product As seen above both the companies Coke and Pepsi have a number of products. Many of these products are innovations but there are also many products which are brought out just as a competitive product for the other companies. Some of these products that are brought in the market by both the companies to compete against each other are as follows: Coke Pepsi

The main dark cola drink of the company which started the rivalry between these companies.

Pepsi version of dark cola which is the major primary competitor to Coke.

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Full Throttle is an energy drink brand produced by The Coca-Cola Company. It debuted in late 2004 in North America.

AMP is an energy drink produced and distributed by PepsiCo under the Mountain Dew soft drink brand.

Vault is a carbonated beverage that was released by The Coca-Cola Company in June 2005.

Mountain Dew MDX is an energy drink manufactured and distributed by PepsiCo under the Mountain Dew brand. It was introduced in 2005.

Powerade is a sports drink by The Coca-Cola Company and currently number two in the sports drink market worldwide.

Gatorade is a non-carbonated sports drink marketed by Quaker Oats Company, a division of PepsiCo. Originally made for athletes, it is now often consumed as a snack beverage.

Sprite is a clear, lemon-lime flavored, non-caffeinated soft drink, produced by the Coca-Cola Company. It was introduced to the

7 Up is a brand of a lemon-lime flavored soft drink.

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United States in 1961.

Minute Maid is a product line of beverages, usually associated with orange juice, but now extends to soft drinks of many kinds. The Minute Maid company is now owned by Coca-Cola, and is the world's largest marketer of fruit juices and drinks. It is headquartered in Houston, Texas.

Tropicana Products is an American company based in Bradenton, Florida, USA, which is one of the world's largest producers and marketers of orange juice. It has been owned by PepsiCo, Inc. since 1998.

Nestea is a brand of iced tea manufactured and distributed by the Nestle company's beverage department in the United States, and by Coca-Cola in several European countries, Brazil and Venezuela.

Lipton Original Iced Tea is a readyto-drink iced tea brand sold by Lipton through a worldwide partnership with Pepsi.

Barq's is a brand of root beer notable for being the only major North American root beer to contain caffeine. It has been bottled since the start of the 20th century and is currently sold by the Coca-Cola Company.

Mug Root Beer is a brand name of root beer made by the Pepsi company.

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Diet Coke or Diet Coca-Cola is a sugar-free soft drink produced and distributed by The Coca-Cola Company. It was introduced in the United States in July 1982.

Diet Pepsi is a low-calorie carbonated cola. It was introduced in 1964 as a variant of Pepsi-Cola with no sugar.

Kinley is a brand of still or carbonated water owned by The Coca-Cola Company.

Aquafina is a non-carbonated bottled water produced by PepsiCo.

Aquarius is a mineral sports drink manufactured by The Coca-Cola Company. It was first introduced in 1983.

All Sport was a sports drink. It is produced by PepsiCo.

Fanta is a soft drink brand owned by The Coca-Cola Company. It is produced and distributed by The Coca-Cola Company's bottlers.

Mirinda is a brand of soft drink. Mirinda is owned by PepsiCo.

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Sprite Ice was the first flavor extension for The Coca-Cola Company's Sprite brand soft drink.

Pepsi Blue is a soft drink made by PepsiCo and launched in mid-2002.

Coca-Cola Blak is a coffeeflavoured soft drink introduced by Coca-Cola in 2006.

Pepsi Cappuccino is a cappuccinoflavored carbonated soft drink produced by Pepsico.

Maaza is a Coca-Cola fruit drink brand marketed in India and Bangladesh.

Slice is a line of fruit-flavored soft drinks manufactured by PepsiCo and introduced in 1984.

Limca is a lemon and lime flavoured carbonated soft drink made in India by Coca-cola. Price

Teem was a lemon-lime-flavored soft drink produced by The PepsiCola Company.

In economics and business, the price monetary value of a good, service or asset.

is the

assigned

numerical

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Price is also central to marketing where it is one of the four variables in the marketing mix that business people use to develop a marketing plan. Pricing is a big part of the marketing mix. Choosing the right price and the right pricing strategy is crucial to the marketing process. The price of the product is not something that is fixed. On the other hand the price of the product depends on many other factors. Some times the price of the product has got nothing to do with the actual product itself. The price may act as a way to attract target customers. The price of the product is decided keeping many things in mind. These things include factors like cost incurred on the product, target market, competitors, consumer buying capacity etc. Coke - Price Coke was a company ruling the markets before Pepsi entered. Earlier the price of coke was cost based i.e. it was decided on the cost which was spent on making the product plus the profit and other expenses. But after the emergence of other companies especially the likes of Pepsi, Coca-cola started with a pricing strategy based on the basis of competition. Nowadays more expenses are spent on advertising my softdrink companies rather than on manufacturing. Coke has brought in a revolution especially in Indian markets with the Rs. 5 pricing strategy which was very famous. It was the first company to introduce the small bottle of Coke for just Re.5. This campaign was very successful especially with the price conscious Indian consumers. Even today most prices of Coke are decided on the basis of the competition in the market. Pepsi Price Pepsi again decides it price on the basis of competition. The best think about the company Pepsi is that it is very flexible and it can come down with the price very quickly. The company is renowned to bring the price down even up to half if needed. But this risk taking attitude has also earned Pepsi losses. Though lowering the price would attract the customers but it would not help them cover up the cost incurred in production hence causing them losses. This was the situation earlier but now Pepsi is a full-fledged and growing company. It has covered all its losses and is now growing at a rapid rate. Place

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Place is a term that has a variety of meanings in a dictionary sense, but which is principally used in a geographic sense as a noun to denote location, though in a sense of a location identified with that which is located there. In marketing, place refers to one of the 4 P's, defined as "the market place". It can mean a geographic location, an industry, a group of people (a segment) to whom a company wants to sell its products or services, such as young professional women (e.g. for selling cosmetics) or middleaged family men (e.g. for selling family cars). Coke - Place Coke is a multinational company and it has its market around the entire world. This can be said just by the first page on its site which asks people to select the place of their choice. The website looks something like this:

Pepsi Place Pepsi again has spread worldwide. Pepsi when entering a new market does not go in alone but it looks for partners and mergers. Till now Pepsi has collaborated with companies like Quaker Oats, Frito-lays, Lipton, Starbucks, etc.

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Pepsi like Coke has spread all over the world. It is because of this worldwide spread that now it is coming up with Advertisements which can be broadcasted in the different nations in the world. The recent example with would be the Pepsi advertisements having David Beckham as it brand ambassador. Promotion Promotion is one of the four aspects comprises four subcategories: 1. Advertising 2. Personal selling 3. Sales promotion 4. Publicity and public relations of marketing. Promotion

The specification of these four variables creates a promotional mix or promotional plan. A promotional mix specifies how much attention to pay to each of the four subcategories, and how much money to budget for each. A promotional plan can have a wide range of objectives, including: sales increases, new product acceptance, creation of brand equity, positioning, competitive retaliations, or creation of a corporate image. Both the companies Pepsi and coke are famous for their promotions. The rivalry was first started when Pepsi started with its blind taste tests known as the Pepsi Challenge. The challenge is designed to be a direct response to critics who allege that Coca-Cola and Pepsi-Cola are identical drinks, with no meaningful differences. The challenge takes the form of a taste test. At malls, shopping centers and other public locations, a Pepsi representative sets up a table with two blank cups, one containing Pepsi and one with Coke. Shoppers are encouraged to taste both colas, and then select which drink they prefer. Then the representative reveals the two bottles so the taster can see whether they preferred Coke or Pepsi. If Pepsi is revealed, the shopper is given a small prize. The implication is that Pepsi tastes better than Coke, and thus consumers should purchase Pepsi. In blind taste tests, more consumers prefer the taste of Pepsi to that of Coca-Cola. Because Coke was the historical leader, more people expected that they'd prefer and select Coke. Their surprise at picking Pepsi in the blind taste test (products were served in unmarked cups) helped change their minds about which product they prefer. Capturing this on film, Pepsi turned this into a memorable TV campaign that lasted many years. Also ad-campaigns are put up on the television by both the players. The following statistic just tells of much of share of ads on TV are captured by these players.

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Infact in the next graph you can see how many programs are sponsored by cola companies and the leader among them is Pepsi. Mainly Pepsi is the company sponsoring most cricket telecasts happening in India and spends most of its revenue in that field.

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Nowadays both Coke and Pepsi are going in for Brand Ambassadors to promote their product. These brand ambassadors are famous people who usually people idolize and people can relate to them. The following pictures do not need any explanation as people are familiar with the celebrities and can thus quickly identify with the product.

A list of Celebrities that are brand ambassadors for the cola companies are as follows. These celebrities are not only asked to work in the advertisements but they also have to use the product promoted by them and they should not use the companies rivals proucts.

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