Arabic Revolution: Introduction: Arabs have faced a lot of revolution and the country has survived many tragedies

related to the leaders. The outer world is looking to the Arab, as they have the oil-fields. The introduction to the revolution mainly consists of two revolutions. The Arab revolution was initiated by the Sherif Hussain Bin Ali from the year 1916 to1918. The revolt started with the aim of securing independence from the Ottoman Turks and creating a unified state spanning from Aleppo in Syria to Aden in Yemen. There was another revolution. The Arabic revolution was in Palestine. The 1936-1939 Arab Revolt was caused by the Palestinian Arabs against the British Colonial Rule and mass Jewish Immigration (The Countries and People of Arabia, 2010). The Arab revolution (1919-1918): The Arabic countries have faced a lot of revolution due to the Islamic outlook that is different from the rest of the world. The revolution of 1919 was due to the rise of nationalism under the Ottoman Empire. The background goes back to 1821 and has its roots in the Mashiq, which is in the east of Egypt and the countries of Sham. The political tilt of the people of Arab prior to the Great War was moderate. The Young Turk Revolution began on 3 July 1908. The period is known as the Second Constitutional Era, as it resulted in the Sultans announcement of the restoration of constitution of the year 1876. The people of Arab wanted reformation in the policies of the country, they wanted there demands to be fulfilled that ranges from general to autonomy, the use of their mother tongue in the education. In 1908, there were elections, the Young Turks from Committee

of Union and Progress (CUP) won the election, as they held an upper hand against their rival group led by Prens Sabahaddin. The party CUP won as they had liberal point of view, influenced by British and were closer to sultan. The CUP in the Ottoman parliament gave importance to centralization and modernization of the country. They were not supported as the nationalism was not on its peak. Arabs gave primary loyalty to their religion and sect, tribe or the government. The Arabs had strong ideologies. They were orthodox and possessive about their religion in particular. The ideology of Ottomans and Pan-Islamism were competing for the Arab Nationalism. The countercoup was supported by the members of the parliament. The aim was to take to pieces the constitution and restore the monarchy of Abdul Hamid ll. There was trial to put an end to the secular policies of the young Turks, by dethroned Sultan. In this attempt, the Sultan faced failure; he was driven to exile in the Selanik and was replaced by his brother Mehmed V Resad. In 1913, many politicians, economist and intellectuals met in Paris and demanded that Ottoman army should be required to serve the country at the time of war. The Arab Revolution of 1936-1939: The Arab revolution had two phases. The first phase of the revolution was directed by elitist Higher Arab Committee and consists of strikes and other political protest. The first phase was defeated by the British Civil Administration by means of international policy, concessions, international diplomacy and threat of martial law. The second phase began late in 1937, which targeted British army and the Palestine police force. This phase was violent and had peasant showed resistance. This revolution converted into peasant resistance movement. These rebellions

were suppressed by use of force and brutal killing performed by British Army and the Palestine Police force (Freedman, 1991). Causes of the revolt: The Sheikh Izz ad-Din al-Qassam established the Black Hand, an anti-Zionist and antiBritish militant organization. The team was equipped with bombes and firearms, which they employed to murder Jewish settlers as well as vandalized trees, planted and rail lines constructed by the British. The British were annoyed by the group and they launched a manhunt to find alQassam. He was killed in a cave near Yabad. This all led to outrage in the Arab community. The revolution was further supported by the discovery of large arms shipment in October 1935 at the port of Jaffa. They feared that Jews military will take over Palestine. The population of the Jewish people doubled bringing significant decline in relations between Palestinian Arabs and Jews. The uprising began on 15 April 1936 and then on 17 April at the funeral of Khazan in Tel Aviv it turned into nationalist movements when Jewish rioters beat Arab Children and destroyed property. There were various economic factors that played a key role in the outbreak of the Arab Revolt. The first reason was that the peasants were pushed off the land in increasing numbers into the urban cities where they had to face poverty and social marginalization. The revolt produced leaders and they helped in national revolt. World War 1 left people of Palestine poor and lack of basic amenities. The authorities in Ottoman levied high taxes on farming and agricultural produce. The fellah had to pay high rents due to increasing population density, and transfer of lands from Arabs to the Jewish settlement agencies. The disruption of agrarian life in Palestine led to landless peasants farmers.

There were culture and political reasons also that led to this uprising. Zionism has made Palestinian Arab conservative in cultural, political, behavior, social and religious affair. The Palestinians were motivated to conserve their heritage and respect against the British rule and Jewish innovation. There were transition in the political organization, as earlier it was lacking real leadership. Now, new political organizations and activists appeared leading to major population involvement in the process. Youth participated in the whole process, women organization became active in social matters and few militant secret societies were formed that advocated armed struggle against the British and Jewish. Response: All these things lead to pressure mounting on the Arabs. The first argument is that women came up in the revolt, which showed their active participation for the first time in the political scenario of the country. Military law led to administrative detention of the Arabs without trial and without proper sanitation. British followed the principle of collective punishment because of which heavy burden was there for poor Palestinian villagers. The full implementation of collective punishment led to destruction of property. The royal Air Force developed close air support, so that they did air patrolling to keep convoys and trains free from attack. Haifa had strategic importance as British had laid pipeline from the Iraqi oilfields to Haifa in 1935. The British policy makers were willing to make concessions on the Palestine issue to secure their position in Arab. Impact of British Empire, Palestinian Arab and Jewish Settlement:

The impact of these bodies brings an argument in front of the public of Arab. The role played by each one them was to see their interest and the comers suffered because of all these factors. Is it good that commoners suffer due to the political and social disturbances in the society? The bodies have an impact on the public. The Jewish settlement was destroyed and damaged in the war but other immigrants arrived. The Palestine destroyed the Jewish commoners but was not ready to settle the matter. Although there were development in the economy and infrastructure accelerated but the people suffer a lot in the whole scenario. The Jewish employment condition improved due to immigration, but the Arabs got unemployed as laborers was replaced when they were on strikes. The Palestinian Arabs houses were destroyed and massive financial costs was incurred due to strikes and devastation of the crops. The Arab economy lost the sales and increased unemployment. The positive effect of the revolt was that it led to the birth of the Arab Palestinian identity. The British Empire decided to rely on the support of the Jewish Population in Palestine. Synthesis& Arguments: The second argument is that the Arab revolution led to decline of west. This argument is related to the present situation prevailing in Arab. The Wests position is not right, as they do not show the real commitment to human rights. They are adopting the Jimmys Carter worldview, which will lead to severe consequences. West is ignoring Hosni Mubarak, President will lead to severe results. It has showed that Arab lack the leaders but the betrayal by the west showed that loyal people also not valued. The conflict between the West in the Middle East and Arab will bring deterioration in the relations. The stable and moderation ill reduce and west will stop

leading and stabilizing force around the world. The Arab Liberation revolution will change the total chemistry between the Arabs and west. The overall result will be destruction of North Atlantic political hegemony (Shavit, 2011). The third argument is that Arab revolution was affected by the social media. The countries in which, Arabians are residing like Egypt, Middle East and North Africa. Egypt has only 20% of people using internet so one cannot say that the revolution will be impacted by the internet or media. The Western media use platforms like facebook and Twitter to spread awareness about the Arab Revolution to protest against authoritarian government and restricted freedom. The 68% Egyptian have television but internet access is limited to 5% in Libya and 34% in Tunisia. Thus, social media alone cannot aid the Arab Revolution, but it will act, as a successful catalyst when it is combined with digital and traditional media. Digital media is a source to freely express ones view. Al-Jazeera news channel has reach to 40 million viewers in the Arab World but the lack of digital support has lead to loophole in the communication stream (Hunter, 2011). The fourth argument is that whether revolutions in home country affect the outsiders like Arabs families residing in Switzerland and whether the change is positive. After the revolution and fall of absolute and corrupt regime the number of Arab refugees in Switzerland would be reduced. This can be seen as a positive change in the economy of Arab. The people would be returning to their homeland. The revolution of February 17, 2011 is seen as a source of radical change in the people mentality and had impact on the psychological and social levels. The Libyan Revolution has led to return of values and morals that were missing for four decades. But there are concerns regarding the drastic change. How people will react to the change because they have been under such rule for a long time. One can say that economic security, strict laws

protecting people and the culture of dialogue has a great impact on the people of the nation (Abdeleli, 2011).

References: Shavit, A. (2011). The Arab revolution and Western decline. Retrieved October 24, 2011, from http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/opinion/the-arab-revolution-and-westerndecline-1.340967. Hunter, E. (2011). The Arab Revolution and Social Media. Retrieved October 24, 2011, from http://flipthemedia.com/index.php/2011/02/the-arab-revolution-and-social-media/. Abdeleli, A. (2011). Arab Refugees return home following Revolutions. Retrieved October 24, 2011, from http://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/specials/the_arab_spring/Arab_refugees_return_home_ following_revolutions.html?cid=31134110 The Countries and People of Arabia. (2010). Retrieved October 24, 2011, from http://www.hejleh.com/countries/

Freedman, R.O. (1991). The Intifada: its impact on Israel, the Arab World, and the superpowers. USA: University Press of Flourida.