f7c02ea7839530d772e551f587c61f55

Unit 11 Daniel Defoe
Vocabulary
desert island )) axe tool difference road sign signal smart suit rules referee )) footballer foreign
wooden handle metal blade / first-aid box container medical treatment injured / hammer / nail knife weapon cooking pot mirror glass mobile phone money coins paper notes
butcher adventure experience dangerous island lonely alone
mainland main prisoner prison
fixed value radio / electronic equipment broadcast / ) ) rope string / twist thread torch / electric light hurt bottle of medicine light recharge choice rescue shine pilot act actor archaeology archaeologist science
be shipwrecked destroy accident sailor sail terrible storm save gun sink / sank / sunk safe footprints successful islander build builder biology biologist
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plays ill crops business astonished
scientist design )) designer )) inspect inspector geology geologist art soil rocks perform
/ /
hunt )) cause pollution extra
specially close help / characters brave = courageous moral / / patient /
Idioms & Expressions

filled with hit nails into wood
take off at sea
) ) / / ) ) /
listen to far away from stay with stay in / at escape from take turns call for help )) protect from cut down trees
on a ship on a boat for food on an island in the sand take to arrive in for the last time return to
go to sleep get dark / signal to ships put on / look smart surrounded by save from adapt to on their way to go camping salute the flag
be born in give his name to travel on the sea do wrong take someone off sail back to make mistakes take someone away turn on ) / ) find out learn from /
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Vocabulary Study
axe : a tool used for cutting wood, with a wooden handle and a metal blade. / first aid box: a container filled with simple medical treatments that you give to an injured person before the doctor arrives. hammer: a tool used for hitting nails into wood. / knife: a tool used for cutting or as a weapon. cooking pot: a round container used for cooking food. mirror: a piece of special glass made so that when you look at it you see yourself or what is behind you. mobile phone: a telephone that you can carry with you and use . anywhere money: coins, paper notes etc. that have a fixed value and are used for buying and selling things. radio: a piece of electronic equipment that you use to listen to music or programmes that are broadcast. rope: a very strong, thick string, made by twisting together many threads. torch: small electric light that you carry in your hand.
adventure: an exciting experience in which dangerous or unusual things happen. island: a piece of land completely surrounded by water. lonely: unhappy because you are alone. / / mainland: the main part of an area of land, not the islands that are near it. prisoner: someone who is forced to stay somewhere. shipwrecked: when the ship you are travelling in is destroyed in an accident at sea.
Confusable Words
arrive / reach: arrive: ) ) - She arrived only two minutes before the plane took off. arrive at: ) ) - The plane arrived at Cairo Airport on time. arrive in: ) ) / / - The plane arrived in Cairo on time. reach: get to ) ) - I won't reach the office till noon today.
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lonely / alone: lonely: - She gets lonely now that all the kids have left home. alone: - He likes being alone in the house. desert / dessert: desert: / / / - They were lost in the desert for nine days. - The young man deserted his birthplace and lived in a desert town. dessert: - If you make the main course, I'll make a dessert. affect / effect: affect: (verb) - Pollution affects our health badly. effect: (noun - Pollution has a bad effect on our health.
: affect badly = have a bad effect on affect well = have a good effect on
Language Study
Lets + ..: Why dont we/you + ?.. How about + v. + ing ? -Lets go out for a meal tonight. (Why / How) -Why dont we go out for a meal tonight? -How about going out for a meal tonight? help + ( + to) + : - They took some things to help them (to) live on the desert island look forward to + verb + ing or noun: - I look forward to hearing from you. - I'm really looking forward to my holiday. use . to + = use . for + verb + ing: - The carpenter uses wood to make furniture. (for) The carpenter uses wood for making furniture. .....
can = + am / is / are + able to : + - Ali can carry the heavy box. (able) -Ali is able to carry the heavy box.
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Tapescript
Omar and Ahmed chose six things to help them live on the desert island. They would take a knife, a first-aid box, a rope, an axe, a mirror and a pot. They would use the for cutting things like their food and plants, and to protect themselves from wild animals. They would use the first-aid box if they hurt themselves. They would use the rope to build a boat to escape from the island. They would use the axe to cut down trees for their boat. They would use the mirror to signal to ships to rescue them. They would use the pot to cook their own food. If they had a mobile, they could call for help but there probably wouldnt be a signal on the island and nowhere to recharge the phone.
They wouldn't need a torch as they would get up with the sun and go to sleep when it got dark. They wouldn't need a clock as they wouldn't have to get up to go to school or work on the island.
Reading & Critical Thinking

Daniel Defoe
Daniel Defoe was one of the first writers of novels in England. He was born in London in 1660. His father was a butcher. Defoe married Mary Tuffley in 1684. They had two sons and five daughters. Defoe started his own newspaper, The Review in 1704. He wrote his most famous book Robinson Crusoe in 1719. Its about the adventures of a man who was shipwrecked alone on a desert island. Defoe died at the age of 71 in 1731.
The Adventures of Robinson Crusoe

Robinson Crusoe left England on a ship in 1651, even though his parents did not want him to become a sailor. Eight years later, after many exciting but dangerous adventures, there was a terrible storm. Crusoe was shipwrecked on an island about 70 km from South America. All the other sailors died, but Crusoe saved tools, guns and other useful things from the ship before it sank. He built a safe home, hunted animals and grew crops for food. A bird and some cats were his only friends, but he was lonely because he was the only human on the island. After twelve years, Crusoe was very surprised when he found a human footprint in the sand. He discovered that people from the mainland sometimes visited the island and killed their prisoners there. One of these people escaped and stayed with Crusoe on the island. Crusoe called him Friday and taught him a few words of English. Later, another group of people from the mainland came to the island. Crusoe and Friday killed some of them and saved some more prisoners there. Friday's father was one of these. With more help, Crusoe could now grow more food. In December 1686, an English ship arrived and took Crusoe and Friday off the island. Crusoe and Friday then travelled to England, and finally arrived in London in June 1687. Crusoe found that a business he had started years ago had been very successful, so he was now a rich
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man. He married and had three children. After his wife died, he sailed back to the island for the last time. He found the islanders were living happy, successful lives there.
Choose the correct answer: 1- Robinson Crusoe was shipwrecked alone (at-in-on-over) a desert island. 2In 1651, Robinson Crusoe left England (at-in-by-on) a ship. 3When Crusoe found a human footprint (in-for-on-from) the sand, he was surprised. 4An English ship came and took Crusoe and Friday (in-on-forto) Europe. 5They arrived in London (on-in-at-with) June 1687. 6- When he visited Cairo (at-in-from-for) the last time, he found it had changed a lot. 7- A hammer is a tool used for (hit-hitting-hits-have hit) nails into wood. 8- Crusoe hunted animals and grew crops (for-at-with-to) food. 9- It was dark by the time we arrived (in-on-for-at) the station. 10(An axe-A mirror-A hammer-A torch) is a tool used for cutting wood, with a wooden handle and a metal blade. 11They will go to sleep when it (makes-gets-returns-stands) dark. 12The children usually stay (in-at-for-with) their grandparents for a week in the summer. 13A (prisoner-sailor-scientist-geologist) is someone who is forced to stay somewhere. (8) 14She always looks at herself in the (knife-cooking pot-mirrorradio). 15(An island-A country-A desert-An oasis) is a piece of land completely surrounded by water. 16Crusoe was shipwrecked on an island which was not far (away-from-with-for) South America. 17A (sailor-butcher-grocer-greengrocer) is a person who sells meat in a shop 18We arrived (in-on-for-at) Cairo later that day. 19A (teapot-cooking pot-mirror-radio) is a round container used for cooking food. 20He fell in the river but his friend (killed-destroyed-hurt-saved) him from drowning. 21(Money-Glass-Radio-Paper) is used for buying and selling things. 22If they took a mobile phone, they couldn't (charge-changerecharge-exchange) it on the island. 23If they had a mirror, they could (sign-signal-sing-signature) to ships.
A mobile would be useless, because there (would-wouldn'twill-won't) be a signal or anywhere to recharge it. 25Defoe was born in London (on-at-with-in) 1660. 26Crusoe was (shipwrecked-shipwreck-shipwrecking-shipwrecks) on a desert island. 27Crusoe saved tools and other useful things from the ship before it (swam-drowned-sank-drank). 28Crusoe was very surprised when he found a human (footfootprint-finger-fingerprint) in the sand. 29In December 1686, an English ship arrived and took Crusoe and Friday (away-of-off-on) the island. 30He put (off-over-on-up) his jacket and went out for a walk. 31We must take an axe to cut (up-on-out-down) trees for our boat. 32We'll need a (cooking pot-first aid box-mirror-knife) if we hurt ourselves. 33If we had a mobile, we could call (at-in-for-with) help. 34She left her homeland (on-at-with-of) the age of 21. 35first aid box: a container filled with simple medical treatments that you give to an injured person before the doctor arrives. 36You use the (radio-mobile phone-mirror-axe) to listen to music or programmes that are broadcast. 37- (Archeology-Geology-Histology-Biology) is the study of rocks and soil. 38-A ship is a large boat which travels (in-over-under-on) the sea. 39-A (prison-school-hospital-factory) is a place where people who do something wrong are sent and kept. 40-A (scientist-geologist-archaeologist-doctor) is someone who studies science. 41-An (engineer-inspector-archaeologist-actor) is someone who performs in plays and films. 42An (archaeologist-architect-inspector-doctor) is someone who inspects school, hospitals, etc. 43-If you are (well-ill-good-best), you go to see the doctor. 44-A (sailor-geologist-scientist-designer) is someone who lives and works on a ship or boat.
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Language Focus
1) Necessity & Obligation
Presen must + t
Tense
Statement
Must + +
Question
Does + + have to + Do + + have to + = Is it necessary for to .... Past had to + Did + + have to + = It was necessary for to + = Was it necessary for to ... Future will have to + Will + + have to + = It will be necessary for to + = Will it be necessary for to ...
has to + have to + = It's necessary for to + ...
Examples:
I must phone the doctor to make an appointment. (This is necessary) 2I had to get up early this morning. (This was necessary) 3You'll have to work hard to do well in the test. (This will be necessary)
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Study these sentences:

1-
Its necessary for us to be economical. (must) We must be economical. 2It was necessary for her to find a solution to her problem.(had to) She had to find a solution to her problem. 3Is it necessary for him to take a taxi? (Does) Does he have to take a taxi? 4Was it necessary for him to buy as new mobile? (Did) Did he have to buy a new mobile? (Was..)
: must / have to . must 1- - I really must read that book again. .laws rules facts have to 2- - Im sorry I cant come to your party. I have to work that evening.
Lack of necessity and Obligation

Present Past Future
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Tense
doesn't have to + = It's not necessary for to + don't have to + = It's not necessary for to + didn't have to + = It was not necessary for to + won't have to + = It won't be necessary for to +
Statement
Examples:
1- I don't have to work on Friday. (This is not necessary) 2- My father didn't have to go to work yesterday. (This was not
necessary) 3- We won't have to work next week. (This will not be necessary)

1- It isnt necessary for him to answer all questions. (neednt) He neednt answer all questions. 2- It wasnt necessary for us to take our umbrellas. (have to) We didnt have to take our umbrellas. 3- It isnt necessary for him to answer all questions. (have to) He doesn't have to answer all questions. 4- They don't have to take a taxi. (necessary) It isn't necessary for them to take a taxi.
Prohibition
mustnt / cant + =be not allowed to +

be forbidden to + be prohibited / banned from + v. + ing
Example:
- You mustn't drive more than 50 kph. (This is a rule or law)

1-
You mustnt park here. (allowed-forbidden) You arent allowed to park here. You are forbidden to park here. 2You mustnt smoke in the theatre. (Smoking) Smoking isnt allowed in the theatre. / Smoking is forbidden in the theatre.
Advice
should = It is a good idea to .. = It's advisable to .. shouldn't = It's inadvisable to ..
(11) Study these sentences:

1-
It's advisable to take steps to reduce pollution. (should) We should take steps to reduce pollution. 2I advise you not to eat sweets between meals. (shouldn't) You shouldn't eat sweets between meals.
Choose the correct answer:

1-You (doesnt have to-didnt have to-shouldnt-needn't) come if you don't want. 2-We (mustnt-dont need to-cant-shouldnt) lock the car. It's safe here. 3-You (shouldnt-mustnt-should-ought to) drive. Youre too tired. 4-I (didnt have to-neednt-wont-shouldnt) go to school yesterday. It was a holiday. 5- You (mustnt-neednt-dont have to-wont) park here. It says a No Parking area. 6- It's a holiday tomorrow, so I (mustn't-won't have to-will have to-had to) get up early. 7- He (had to-will have to-doesn't have to-mustn't) run at the moment because hes hurt his leg. 8- Last weekend, I (had to-have to-will have to-has to) study hard for the exams. 9- I've been very busy this week, so at the weekend, I (don't have tomustn't-will have to-had to) get rest. 10- In the holidays, I (won't have to-mustn't-must-have to) read books and do homework. 11- The referee said to the footballer, "You (don't have to-mustn't-musthad to) play like that." 12- I (had to-must-didn't have to-have to) help my brothers because my mother was ill.
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Test
A) Language Functions
1- Finish the following dialogue: Anwar is at a shoemakers shop. He wants to have a new pair of shoes made. Shoemaker: Can I help you, sir? Anwar : . Shoemaker: What colour would you like? Anwar : Black, please. Shoemaker: ? Anwar : Size 43. ? Shoemaker: 80 pounds. Anwar : . ? Shoemaker: In a fortnights time. Anwar : Thank you. Bye. 2-Write what you would say in each of the following situations:
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You You You You
don't know the way to the post office. You ask a policeman invite your friend to your birthday party. ask your sister to make you a cup of tea. ask about the price of a kilo of bananas.
B) Vocabulary and Structure

3-Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d: 1Britain is a large in the north of Europe. a) island b) place c) town d) sea 2When will we do our English test this term? a) must b) have c) should d) have to 3You .. drive so fast. It's against the law. a) don't have to b) mustn't c) must d) had to 4Yesterday, I stand on the bus because it was so full. a) had to b) must c) needn't d) have to 5Ali is unhappy because he feels . a) pleased b) helpful c) reliable d) lonely 6When the attacked her, she called .. help. a) for b) at c) with d) by 7A .. is someone who sells meat. a) grocer b) pilot c) butcher d) geologist 8I'm looking to travelling to America. a) ahead b) for c) after d) forward 9She .. have to buy a new dress as her mother bought her a new one. a) mustn't b) didn't c) doesn't d) don't 10. is a tool used for hitting nails into wood. a) A hammer b) An axe c) A knife d) A mirror
4-Read the text below, then write the word which best fits each
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space: Ahmed and Omar decided to spend a few days on a desert island. They took some useful things that could help them (1) .. on the island. They took a (2) to cut things like their food and plants. They took a first-aid box to be used if someone (3) themselves. They took an (4) .. to cut down trees and a mirror to (5) .. to ships. They also took a cooking (6) to cook their food.
C) Read Comprehension and Set Books

5-Read the following passage , then answer the questions: Doctors do not always know what causes high blood pressure medically called hypertension. But we know a few things about this
disease. For example, mens hypertension rates are much greater than women's. Besides the disease usually begins in middle or old .age and it sometimes runs in families Many people have high blood pressure without knowing it because there are usually no obvious symptoms. If you want to know if "you have blood pressure, you have to ask your doctor to check it for you. If you have high blood pressure, you have to look for a solution. If you are heavy, losing weight can sometimes help. Some people's blood pressure goes down when they give up salt. Others can improve by learning how to relax and make the fullest use of the right kind of exercise. Fortunately, it is possible to control high blood pressure today with proper medicine. High blood pressure can lead to serious problems such as heart diseases, so it is very important to control it. A) Answer the following questions: 1-What should a person do to keep his blood pressure normal? 2-Why is it very important to control high blood pressure? 3-Why is gaining weight dangerous? 4-Which sex is higher in hypertension rates male or female? B ) Choose the best answer from a,b,c or d: 5- Hypertension requires ...............salt in food. a) more b) less c) most d) much
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6- It is .............for a person to discover he is suffering from hypertension. a) easy b) obvious c) vague d) difficult 7-The underlined pronoun it means a) a disease b) blood c) pressure d) hypertension 7- Answer Only Four (4) of the following questions: 1What did Robinson Crusoe eat while he was stranded on the desert island? 2How did Crusoe become a rich man? 3What did Crusoe save from the ship? 4How do you think Crusoe felt when he found that the islanders were living happy successful lives? 5When he arrived in England, what do you think Robinson Crusoe missed about his life on the island? 6How do you think Robinson Crusoe felt when he first arrived on the island?
D) The Novel
A) Answer the following questions: 1What kind of story is "The Face on the Wall"? 2How did the face get a firm hold of the storyteller ?
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When did the face on the wall disappear? How does the story teller surprise us at the end of his story?
B) Read the following quotation, then answer the questions: "I stood at busy corners watching the crowd until people thought me mad." 1- Who is the speaker? 2- Why did he stand at busy corners? 3- Why did the police suspect him?
E) Writing
9- Write a paragraph of seven (7) sentences about: "A few days you spent on a desert island"
F) Translation
10- A) Translate into Arabic: 1- Daniel Defoe wrote his most famous book Robinson Crusoe in 1719. 2- Robinson Crusoe is about the adventures of a man who was shipwrecked alone on a desert island. B) Translate into English: .
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Daniel Defoe
Vocabulary
difference road sign signal smart suit rules referee ))
desert island )) axe tool wooden handle metal blade first-aid box container
/ /
medical treatment injured hammer nail knife weapon
/ /
footballer foreign
cooking pot mirror glass mobile phone money coins paper notes fixed value radio / electronic equipment broadcast / ) ) rope string / twist thread torch / electric light hurt
butcher adventure experience dangerous island lonely alone mainland main prisoner prison be shipwrecked destroy accident sailor sail terrible storm save gun sink / sank / sunk safe
bottle of medicine light recharge choice rescue shine pilot act actor archaeology archaeologist science scientist design )) designer )) inspect inspector geology geologist art soil rocks perform
footprints successful islander build builder biology biologist
)1(
plays ill crops business astonished hunt )) cause pollution extra
/ /
specially close help / characters brave = courageous moral / / patient /

filled with hit nails into wood
take off at sea
) ) / /
listen to on a ship far away from on a boat stay with for food stay in / at on an island escape from in the sand take turns take to call for help arrive in ) ) / )) protect from for the last time cut down trees return to go to sleep be born in get dark / give his name to signal to ships travel on the sea put on / do wrong look smart take someone off surrounded by sail back to save from make mistakes adapt to take someone away on their way to turn on ) / ) go camping find out / salute the flag learn from
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Vocabulary Study
axe : a tool used for cutting wood, with a wooden handle and a metal blade. / first aid box: a container filled with simple medical treatments that you give to an injured person before the doctor arrives. hammer: a tool used for hitting nails into wood. / knife: a tool used for cutting or as a weapon. cooking pot: a round container used for cooking food. mirror: a piece of special glass made so that when you look at it you see yourself or what is behind you. mobile phone: a telephone that you can carry with you and use . anywhere money: coins, paper notes etc. that have a fixed value and are used for buying and selling things. radio: a piece of electronic equipment that you use to listen to music or programmes that are broadcast. rope: a very strong, thick string, made by twisting together many threads. torch: small electric light that you carry in your hand. adventure: an exciting experience in which dangerous or unusual things happen. island: a piece of land completely surrounded by water. lonely: unhappy because you are alone. / / mainland: the main part of an area of land, not the islands that are near it. prisoner: someone who is forced to stay somewhere. shipwrecked: when the ship you are travelling in is destroyed in an accident at sea.
Confusable Words
arrive / reach: arrive: ) ) - She arrived only two minutes before the plane took off. arrive at: ) ) - The plane arrived at Cairo Airport on time. arrive in: ) ) / /
- The plane arrived in Cairo on time.

reach: get to ) ) - I won't reach the office till noon today.
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lonely / alone: lonely: - She gets lonely now that all the kids have left home. alone: - He likes being alone in the house. desert / dessert: desert: / / / - They were lost in the desert for nine days. - The young man deserted his birthplace and lived in a desert town. dessert: - If you make the main course, I'll make a dessert. affect / effect: affect: (verb) - Pollution affects our health badly. effect: (noun - Pollution has a bad effect on our health. : affect badly = have a bad effect on affect well = have a good effect on
Language Study
Lets + ..: Why dont we/you + ?.. How about + v. + ing ? -Lets go out for a meal tonight. (Why / How) -Why dont we go out for a meal tonight? -How about going out for a meal tonight? help + ( + to) + : - They took some things to help them (to) live on the desert island look forward to + verb + ing or noun: - I look forward to hearing from you. - I'm really looking forward to my holiday.
use . to + = use . for + verb + ing: - The carpenter uses wood to make furniture. (for) The carpenter uses wood for making furniture.
.....
can = + am / is / are + able to : + - Ali can carry the heavy box. (able) -Ali is able to carry the heavy box.
Tapescript
Omar and Ahmed chose six things to help them live on the desert island. They would take a knife, a first-aid box, a rope, an axe, a mirror and a pot. They would use the for cutting things like their food and plants, and to protect themselves from wild animals. They would use the first-aid box if they hurt themselves. They would use the rope to build a boat to escape from the island. They would use the axe to cut down trees for their boat. They would use the mirror to signal to ships to rescue them. They would use the pot to cook their own food. If they had a mobile, they could call for help but there probably wouldnt be a signal on the island and nowhere to recharge the phone. They wouldn't need a torch as they would get up with the sun and go to sleep when it got dark. They wouldn't need a clock as they wouldn't have to get up to go to school or work on the island.
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Daniel Defoe
Daniel Defoe was one of the first writers of novels in England. He was born in London in 1660. His father was a butcher. Defoe married Mary Tuffley in 1684. They had two sons and five daughters. Defoe started his own newspaper, The Review in 1704. He wrote his most famous book Robinson Crusoe in 1719. Its about the adventures of a man who was shipwrecked alone on a desert island. Defoe died at the age of 71 in 1731.
The Adventures of Robinson Crusoe

Robinson Crusoe left England on a ship in 1651, even though his parents did not want him to become a sailor. Eight years later, after many exciting but dangerous adventures, there was a terrible storm. Crusoe was shipwrecked on an island about 70 km from South America. All the other sailors died, but Crusoe saved tools, guns and other useful things from the ship before it sank. He built a safe home, hunted animals and grew crops for food. A bird and some cats were his only friends, but he was lonely because he was the only human on the island.
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After twelve years, Crusoe was very surprised when he found a human footprint in the sand. He discovered that people from the mainland sometimes visited the island and killed their prisoners there. One of these people escaped and stayed with Crusoe on the island. Crusoe called him Friday and taught him a few words of English. Later, another group of people from the mainland came to the island. Crusoe and Friday killed some of them and saved some more prisoners there. Friday's father was one of these. With more help, Crusoe could now grow more food. In December 1686, an English ship arrived and took Crusoe and Friday off the island. Crusoe and Friday then travelled to England, and finally arrived in London in June 1687. Crusoe found that a business he had started years ago had been very successful, so he was now a rich man. He married and had three children. After his wife died, he sailed back to the island for the last time. He found the islanders were living happy, successful lives there.
Choose the correct answer: 45Robinson Crusoe was shipwrecked alone (at-in-on-over) a desert island. 46In 1651, Robinson Crusoe left England (at-in-by-on) a ship. 47When Crusoe found a human footprint (in-for-on-from) the sand, he was surprised. 48An English ship came and took Crusoe and Friday (in-on-forto) Europe. 49They arrived in London (on-in-at-with) June 1687. 50When he visited Cairo (at-in-from-for) the last time, he found it had changed a lot. 51A hammer is a tool used for (hit-hitting-hits-have hit) nails into wood. 52Crusoe hunted animals and grew crops (for-at-with-to) food. 53It was dark by the time we arrived (in-on-for-at) the station. 54(An axe-A mirror-A hammer-A torch) is a tool used for cutting wood, with a wooden handle and a metal blade. 55They will go to sleep when it (makes-gets-returns-stands) dark.
The children usually stay (in-at-for-with) their grandparents for a week in the summer. 57A (prisoner-sailor-scientist-geologist) is someone who is forced to stay somewhere.
56-
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58-
radio).
59-
She always looks at herself in the (knife-cooking pot-mirror-
(An island-A country-A desert-An oasis) is a piece of land completely surrounded by water. 60Crusoe was shipwrecked on an island which was not far (away-from-with-for) South America. 61A (sailor-butcher-grocer-greengrocer) is a person who sells meat in a shop 62We arrived (in-on-for-at) Cairo later that day. 63A (teapot-cooking pot-mirror-radio) is a round container used for cooking food. 64He fell in the river but his friend (killed-destroyed-hurt-saved) him from drowning. 65(Money-Glass-Radio-Paper) is used for buying and selling things. 66If they took a mobile phone, they couldn't (charge-changerecharge-exchange) it on the island. 67If they had a mirror, they could (sign-signal-sing-signature) to ships. 68A mobile would be useless, because there (would-wouldn'twill-won't) be a signal or anywhere to recharge it. 69Defoe was born in London (on-at-with-in) 1660. 70Crusoe was (shipwrecked-shipwreck-shipwrecking-shipwrecks) on a desert island. 71Crusoe saved tools and other useful things from the ship before it (swam-drowned-sank-drank). 72Crusoe was very surprised when he found a human (footfootprint-finger-fingerprint) in the sand. 73In December 1686, an English ship arrived and took Crusoe and Friday (away-of-off-on) the island. 74He put (off-over-on-up) his jacket and went out for a walk. 75We must take an axe to cut (up-on-out-down) trees for our boat. 76We'll need a (cooking pot-first aid box-mirror-knife) if we hurt ourselves. 77If we had a mobile, we could call (at-in-for-with) help. 78She left her homeland (on-at-with-of) the age of 21. 79first aid box: a container filled with simple medical treatments that you give to an injured person before the doctor arrives. 80You use the (radio-mobile phone-mirror-axe) to listen to music or programmes that are broadcast.
81- (Archeology-Geology-Histology-Biology) is the study of rocks and
soil. 82-A ship is a large boat which travels (in-over-under-on) the sea. 83-A (prison-school-hospital-factory) is a place where people who do something wrong are sent and kept. 84-A (scientist-geologist-archaeologist-doctor) is someone who studies science. 85-An (engineer-inspector-archaeologist-actor) is someone who performs in plays and films. 86An (archaeologist-architect-inspector-doctor) is someone who inspects school, hospitals, etc. 87-If you are (well-ill-good-best), you go to see the doctor. 88-A (sailor-geologist-scientist-designer) is someone who lives and works on a ship or boat.
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Language Focus
1) Necessity & Obligation
Presen must + t has to + have to + = It's necessary for to + ... Must + + Does + + have to + Do + + have to + = Is it necessary for to .... Past had to + Did + + have to + = It was necessary for to + = Was it necessary for to ... Future will have to + Will + + have to + = It will be necessary for to + = Will it be necessary for to ... I must phone the doctor to make an appointment. (This is necessary) 5I had to get up early this morning. (This was necessary) 6You'll have to work hard to do well in the test. (This will be necessary)
4-
Tense
Statement
Question
Examples:

5-
Its necessary for us to be economical. (must) We must be economical.
6It was necessary for her to find a solution to her problem.(had to) She had to find a solution to her problem. 7Is it necessary for him to take a taxi? (Does) Does he have to take a taxi? 8Was it necessary for him to buy as new mobile? (Did) Did he have to buy a new mobile? (Was..) : must / have to . must 1- - I really must read that book again. .laws rules facts have to 2- - Im sorry I cant come to your party. I have to work that evening.
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Present Past Future
Tense
doesn't have to + = It's not necessary for to + don't have to + = It's not necessary for to + didn't have to + = It was not necessary for to + won't have to + = It won't be necessary for to +
Statement
Examples:

5- It isnt necessary for him to answer all questions. (neednt) He neednt answer all questions. 6- It wasnt necessary for us to take our umbrellas. (have to) We didnt have to take our umbrellas. 7- It isnt necessary for him to answer all questions. (have to) He doesn't have to answer all questions. 8- They don't have to take a taxi. (necessary) It isn't necessary for them to take a taxi.
Prohibition
mustnt / cant + =be not allowed to +

Example:
- You mustn't drive more than 50 kph.
(This is a rule or law)
3You mustnt park here. (allowed-forbidden) You arent allowed to park here. You are forbidden to park here. 4You mustnt smoke in the theatre. (Smoking) Smoking isnt allowed in the theatre. / Smoking is forbidden in the theatre.
Advice
(11) Study these sentences:

3It's advisable to take steps to reduce pollution. (should) We should take steps to reduce pollution. 4I advise you not to eat sweets between meals. (shouldn't) You shouldn't eat sweets between meals.

13You (doesnt have to-didnt have to-shouldnt-needn't) come if you don't want. 14We (mustnt-dont need to-cant-shouldnt) lock the car. It's safe here. 15You (shouldnt-mustnt-should-ought to) drive. Youre too tired. 16I (didnt have to-neednt-wont-shouldnt) go to school yesterday. It was a holiday. 17You (mustnt-neednt-dont have to-wont) park here. It says a No Parking area. 18- It's a holiday tomorrow, so I (mustn't-won't have to-will have to-had to) get up early. 19- He (had to-will have to-doesn't have to-mustn't) run at the moment because hes hurt his leg. 20- Last weekend, I (had to-have to-will have to-has to) study hard for the exams. 21- I've been very busy this week, so at the weekend, I (don't have tomustn't-will have to-had to) get rest. 22- In the holidays, I (won't have to-mustn't-must-have to) read books and do homework. 23- The referee said to the footballer, "You (don't have to-mustn't-musthad to) play like that."
24- I (had to-must-didn't have to-have to) help my brothers because my
mother was ill.
Test
6- Finish the following dialogue: Anwar is at a shoemakers shop. He wants to have a new pair of shoes made. Shoemaker: Can I help you, sir? Anwar : . Shoemaker: What colour would you like? Anwar : Black, please. Shoemaker: ? Anwar : Size 43. ? Shoemaker: 80 pounds. Anwar : . ? Shoemaker: In a fortnights time. Anwar : Thank you. Bye. 7-Write what you would say in each of the following situations: 1- You don't know the way to the post office. You ask a policeman 2- You invite your friend to your birthday party. 3- You ask your sister to make you a cup of tea. 4- You ask about the price of a kilo of bananas.
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8-Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d: 11Britain is a large in the north of Europe. a) island b) place c) town d) sea 12When will we do our English test this term? a) must b) have c) should d) have to 13You .. drive so fast. It's against the law. a) don't have to b) mustn't c) must d) had to 14Yesterday, I stand on the bus because it was so full. a) had to b) must c) needn't d) have to 15Ali is unhappy because he feels . a) pleased b) helpful c) reliable d) lonely 16When the attacked her, she called .. help. a) for b) at c) with d) by 17A .. is someone who sells meat. a) grocer b) pilot c) butcher d) geologist
18I'm looking to travelling to America. a) ahead b) for c) after d) forward 19She .. have to buy a new dress as her mother bought her a new one. a) mustn't b) didn't c) doesn't d) don't 20. is a tool used for hitting nails into wood. a) A hammer b) An axe c) A knife d) A mirror
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space: Ahmed and Omar decided to spend a few days on a desert island. They took some useful things that could help them (1) .. on the island. They took a (2) to cut things like their food and plants. They took a first-aid box to be used if someone (3) themselves. They took an (4) .. to cut down trees and a mirror to (5) .. to ships. They also took a cooking (6) to cook their food.

10- Read the following passage , then answer the questions: Doctors do not always know what causes high blood pressure medically called hypertension. But we know a few things about this disease. For example, mens hypertension rates are much greater than women's. Besides the disease usually begins in middle or old .age and it sometimes runs in families Many people have high blood pressure without knowing it because there are usually no obvious symptoms. If you want to know if "you have blood pressure, you have to ask your doctor to check it for you. If you have high blood pressure, you have to look for a solution. If you are heavy, losing weight can sometimes help. Some people's blood pressure goes down when they give up salt. Others can improve by learning how to relax and make the fullest use of the right kind of exercise. Fortunately, it is possible to control high blood pressure today with proper medicine. High blood pressure can lead to serious problems such as heart diseases, so it is very important to control it. A) Answer the following questions: 5-What should a person do to keep his blood pressure normal? 6-Why is it very important to control high blood pressure? 7-Why is gaining weight dangerous? 8-Which sex is higher in hypertension rates male or female? B ) Choose the best answer from a,b,c or d:
5- Hypertension requires ...............salt in food. a) more b) less c) most d) much
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6- It is .............for a person to discover he is suffering from hypertension. a) easy b) obvious c) vague d) difficult 7-The underlined pronoun it means a) a disease b) blood c) pressure d) hypertension 7- Answer Only Four (4) of the following questions: 7What did Robinson Crusoe eat while he was stranded on the desert island? 8How did Crusoe become a rich man? 9What did Crusoe save from the ship? 10- How do you think Crusoe felt when he found that the islanders were living happy successful lives? 11- When he arrived in England, what do you think Robinson Crusoe missed about his life on the island? 12- How do you think Robinson Crusoe felt when he first arrived on the island?
D) The Novel
A) Answer the following questions: 5What kind of story is "The Face on the Wall"? 6How did the face get a firm hold of the storyteller ? 7When did the face on the wall disappear? 8How does the story teller surprise us at the end of his story? B) Read the following quotation, then answer the questions: "I stood at busy corners watching the crowd until people thought me mad." 4- Who is the speaker? 5- Why did he stand at busy corners? 6- Why did the police suspect him?
E) Writing
F) Translation
10- A) Translate into Arabic: 1- Daniel Defoe wrote his most famous book Robinson Crusoe in 1719. 2- Robinson Crusoe is about the adventures of a man who was shipwrecked alone on a desert island. B) Translate into English:
)51(
People at work
Vocabulary
teacher policeman architect designer doctor
/ /
mainly flights international
dentist baker early oven bread temperature mix flour loaves tin ) ) customer the rest cleaner office workers
passengers drinks serve national town city carpenter apprentice workshop saw neatly repair stairs tidy taste furniture
) )
impossible floor toilet empty bin untidy a tiring job fireman dangerous burning building road accidents vehicles badly injured a block of flats rangers = risks rescue frightening flight attendant education certificate national holiday public holiday e-mail
cupboard snack
leave / repair company save course / improve qualifications translate / consider officially college especially series language school The middle east interview travel company /
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good pay job advertisements life guard documents tourist guide )( /
training train reason tourist sales assistant open book reservation check accommodation research destination tourist attractions
qualities swimming pool swimmer
foreigner good pay modern availability interviewer / / historic city prepare description exchange information brochures

get up in the morning in the afternoon get to work turn on / ) ) full of ready for cut out of / be on a flight take a long time make bread apprentice for at the end of
near to at weekends work for ) ) /
die in a fire at the age of do a job
do work make a cake apply for in the future interested in do a course good at + v. + ing from other countries
serve food translate from into .. .. four weeks' holiday 4 work with on a course
be best at + v. + ing reason for look for find out ask for /
be good with people
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Vocabulary Study
apply: to officially ask to be considered for a job, place at a college etc., especially by writing a letter company. course: series of lessons about a subject. / improve: to become better, or to make something better. qualifications: examinations that you have passed at school or . university translate: to change speech or writing from one language to another.
confusable words
hard / hardly: hard:(adj.) (v. to be / ) - I'm not very good at maths - I find it quite a hard subject. hard: (adv.) ) ) - My brother always works hard at school. hardly: (adv.) almost no ) / / )
any can / could - I could hardly hear her at the back. - I've hardly done any school work this weekend. apply for / apply to: apply for: ) ) - He applied for the job of an accountant. apply to: ) ) / - He applied to the court for compensation .
Language Study
on: on Friday in: in October in 2008 when + : / + - I telephone Ali when I heard the news. busy + v. + ing: - He's busy doing his homework. enjoy + v. + ing: - I enjoy reading detective stories. on Thursday
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finish + v. + ing: - He finished doing the homework. spend + + v. + ing: - He spent the afternoon playing tennis.
Time phrases
eight hours a day 8 five days a week 5 two months' holiday a year four weeks' holiday a year 4
Listening
Main points
A baker makes bread and cakes. A cleaner cleans the floors and the toilets and he empties all the bins. A fireman puts out fires and rescues people in burning houses. A flight attendant does lots of things like getting passengers drinks and serving food. A carpenter makes furniture and repairs things in people's houses, like doors and windows, stairs and floors.
Reading
Interview
Samira : Who do you work for? Leila : One World Travel. It's one of the biggest travel companies in the country. Samira : Why did you apply for the job? Leila : I applied for the job there because I wanted to work for a modern company that works with foreign companies. The company also said they would train me. Samira : What qualifications did you need? Leila : I had to have the Secondary Education Certificate. I also had to speak and write English. Samira: What training did you do? What training did you need to do? Leila : Before I started, the company sent me on a language course to improve my English and to learn to translate Arabic into English and English into Arabic. I was also taught to use the internet. Samira : How many hours do you work? Leila :I work eight hours a day, six days a week, starting on Saturday and finishing on Thursday. Samira : How much holiday do you have / get? Leila : I have three weeks' holiday a year, and I have all the national holidays. Samira : What work did you do at first? Leila : When I started, I spent a week finding out what other people in the company did. Samira : What work do you do now? Leila : Now I write letters and e-mails and I answer telephone calls from other countries. Sometimes I also translate letters from English into Arabic. Samira : Do you Like your job ? Leila : Yes, I really enjoy my job. I enjoy meeting and talking to customers from all over the world.
Critical Thinking
1- Why is it important for someone in a travel company to speak English well? - English is an international language spoken by many people as a second language. A person in a travel company would need to speak to people from many countries. 2- Do you think Leila will need to be best at speaking, listening, reading or writing English? - She will need listening and speaking for phone calls and meetings, reading and writing for letters and e-mails. 3- Why do you think Leila will need to be able to translate from and into Arabic? - There will be documents and letters which need to be read by people who know only Arabic and others by people who don't know any Arabic. 4-How do you think Leila uses the internet in her work? - She uses the internet to book flights and other travel reservations; to check times; to find accommodation; to research holiday destinations and tourist attractions. 5-Which languages do people need for the job of a sales assistant? - They need English and Arabic.
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Choose the correct answer: 1Leila applied (to-for-at-in) a new job last week. 2She was interested (of-with-by-in) working for a modern company. 3She would like to work in another country (in-at-with-from) the future. 4She's learning how to translate English (for-from-at-into) Arabic. 5She starts work (on-in-at-of) Saturday morning. 6She answers telephone calls (in-from-to-with) other countries. 7She likes the people she works (on-out-into-with) 8My brother always works (hard-hardly-lately-hardy) at school. 9I'm not very good at maths - I find it quite a (hardly-hardylately-hard) subject. 10I've (hard-hardly-hardy-harder) done any school work this weekend. 11I've had (hard-hardly-hardy-harder) any sleep for three days. 12He gets up very (late-early-hardly-lately) in the morning about four o 'clock. 13The (flight attendants-customers-pilots-carpenters) were busy because the plane was full of passengers.
The (customers-firemen-carpenters-bakers) rescued two old people from the burning flat. 15The bread that our baker makes always (tests-touches-feelstastes) good. 16A famous (archaeologist-biologist-architect-carpenter) designed my house. 17A (carpenter-baker-cleaner-policeman) is going to make us a new cupboard for our kitchen. 18If your tooth hurts, you should go and see a (hospital-dentistscientist-baker). 19I don't finish (at-until-in-on) three o 'clock in the afternoon, but I really love my job. 20Some weeks I work (on-in-at-for) the evenings and some weeks I work in the morning. 21It would be impossible to (work-do-stay-spend) my job when everyone was working. 22He cleans the floors and the toilets and empties all the (binspens-tins-rens). 23Firemen don't (spend-waste-lose-miss) all their time in burning buildings. 24-I enjoy (talk-talks-talked-talking) to people. 25-He applied (to-for-in-into) a job in a travel company. 26-She was sent on a language course to (improve-best-good-higher) her English. 27-Mr Ali has three (week-weeks-weeks'-week's) holiday a year.
14-
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Language Focus
Direct & Indirect Speech
: 1Direct speech: - Nabila: What did Ahmed say? Ali : He said, "I want to be a doctor." 2Reported speech: - Nabila: What did Ahmed say? Ali : He said that he wanted to be a doctor. Statement direct : direct
:1- Direct say to says to said to Reported tell tells told say says said Direct Reported say says said
that 2- 3- 4- ) ( . : Direct Present simple Present continuous Reported Past simple Past continuous Present perfect Past perfect Past simple Past perfect Past continuous Past perfect cont Present perfect cont Past perfect cont : Direct will shall may can't Reported would should might couldn't Reported can could won't wouldn't must had to am / is / are going Was / were going to to Direct
: Direct this here ago tonight next year last year Reported that there before that night the following year the year after the year before the previous year Direct these now today tomorrow yesterday Reported those then that day the next (following) day the day before the previous day
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Examples:
Direct speech
"I live in London," he said.
Reported speech
He said (that) he lived in London.
"The phone is ringing," she said. She said (that) the phone was ringing. "Jo left ten minutes ago," they They said (that) Jo had left ten said. minutes before. "Jo has just left," they said. They said (that) Jo had just left. "I'll see you tomorrow," she said. "I'm going to learn to drive next month," he said. "You can go home," she said.
"I didn't finish my homework last night," he said.
She said (that) she'd see him the next day. He said (that) he was going to learn to drive the following month. She said (that) I could go home.
He said that he hadn't finished his homework the night before.
Special Changes: -
Direct speech She said to me "Good luck". She said "Yes, I can help him". She said "No, I can't help him". She said to me " congratulations" Reported speech She wished me good luck. She agreed to help him . She refused to help him . She congratulated me .
She said "what about going to.?" She suggested going to .
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: .1- - He said, "Water boils at 100 C." (He said that..) He said that water boils at 100 C. 2- : . now, just now, a moment ago, a minute ago,........ - He said just now, "I'll visit you next week." (He said just now that) He said just now that he'll visit me next week. . if 3- - He said to me, "I'll buy a car if I have enough money." (He told.) He told me that he'd buy a car if he had enough money. and that / and added that 4-
- He said, "I can't do my homework today. I'll do it later." He said that he couldn't do his homework that day and that he'd do it later. - She said, "I spent a lot of time in hospital last year." (She complained) She complained that she had spent a lot of time in hospital the previous year. 6- - He said, "I'll visit you, Ali." (He told.) He told Ali that he would visit him.
Choose the correct answer: 1Ahmed says that he (went-gone-goes-had gone) to Alex every year. 2He (told-said-asked-ordered) he was living with his uncle. 3He said that he (had written-would write-is writing-was writing) a letter then. 4He told me that he (will reach-would reach-reached-had reached) Cairo the following week. 5Samir (said-told-asked-spoke) he had never been to Luxor. 6He said that he (attended-was attending-had attended-has attended) the meeting the day before. 7He said that he (would see-has seen-had seen-was seen) a new film on TV the night before. 8He told me that he (will visit-would visit-is visiting-visited) me the next day. 9He said just now that he (bought-has bought-would buy-will buy) a new car next month. 10He said that he (doesn't go-wouldn't go-hadn't gone-won't go ) to school the previous day.
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Test
11Finish the following dialogue between a passenger and the receptionist at a travel agents : Passenger : I want to fly to Paris. Can I book a ticket ,please ? Receptionist : Yes, theres a flight next Friday. Passenger : ................................................................? Receptionist : Flight No 753 L . Passenger : When will the plane take off? Receptionist : ................................................................... Passenger :Thats too early. What is the time of the next one ? Receptionist : At 12 P.M. Passenger : ..................................... How much am I going to pay?
Receptionist : ............................................................ 12- Write what you would say in each of the following situations: 1Your friend tells you some bad news. 2Your friend suggests spending the weekend studying . You don't agree. 3Your friend has lost your book that you lent him. 4I think that life is better now than in the past.

13- Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d: 21Hussein said he flown to Istanbul the week before. a) has b) had c) is d) was 22I want to my English. I'm taking extra lessons next week. a) improve b) best c) good d) higher 23John said his favourite drink . Orange juice. a) has been b) was c) was being d) are 24A carpenter can cut wood . with a saw. a) neat b) neatly c) good d) nice 25The supermarket is full of .. . It's a busy day. a) guards b) assistants c) owners d) customers 26The firemen could .. people inside the burning factory. a) hide b) kill c) rescue d) destroy 27Ali was injured in a car accident. a) badly b) bad c) worse d) worst 28My mother works .. a computer repair company. a) on b) for c) up d) forward 29He has the academic (qualifications-qualities-quantitiesinquiries) essential for the job. a) qualifications b) qualities c) quantities d) inquiries
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30Graduates who apply (on-about-for-with) this job must be fluent in English. a) on b) about c) for d) with
space: I read an advertisement in the papers for the job of secretary. The ..(1)... should master office ..(2).. and ..(3).. fluent in English and French. He should ..(4).. from Arabic ..(5).. English and can use the fax machine and the computer. I had an ..(6).., with the manager and the monthly salary offered is suitable.

15- Read the following passage , then answer the questions: In order to make a good impression during a job interview, you need to prepare yourself for the interview. You must arrive in plenty of time for the interview, so that you give yourself a little time to relax before the interview begins. You have to look your best for the interview. The impression you make as you walk into the room is very important. Try to find out if the company or organization has any rules about dress. Then try to dress according to their regulations. If they dont allow their staff to come to work in casual clothes, you may ruin your chances for a job by wearing the wrong sort of clothes to the interview. You also need to plan what you are going to say. In some interviews you will have to do a lot of talking, and in others you will only have to answer a few questions about yourself, your schoolwork, your strong points, your reasons for applying for the job, and the salary you expect. You will be allowed to ask some questions of your own. The questions you ask will show the interviewer that you have given careful thought to the position. You can ask questions like these: What duties will I have to do in the job? Will I be allowed to join a health insurance programme? Does the company provide opportunities for further education? You must also try to find out as much as you can about the company by talking to someone who works there, or by asking for copies of the companys booklets, brochures or advertising.
A)
1234B)
Answer the following questions: why should one relax before an interview? What does You have to look your best for the interview mean? Mention two things that would help an interviewee to get a job. How can the interviewee get knowledge about the company? Choose the correct answer: 5- An interviewee should arrive .. for a job interview. a) on time b) in time c) at the time d) in no time 6- The underlined word they refers to . . a) organizations b) interviewers c) regulations d) companies 7- The underlined word casual means . . a) formal b) informal c) expensive d) cheap
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7- Answer Only Four (4) of the following questions: 13What do flight attendants do? 14What do bakers do? 15- What qualifications did Leila need? 16- Do you think Leila will need to be best at speaking, listening, reading or writing English? 17- Why do you think Leila will need to be able to translate from and into Arabic? 18- How do you think Leila uses the internet in her work?
D) The Novel
A) Answer the following questions: 9What kind of story is "The Face on the Wall"? 10- How did the face get a firm hold of the storyteller ? 11- When did the face on the wall disappear? 12- How does the story teller surprise us at the end of his story? B) Read the following quotation, then answer the questions: "I stood at busy corners watching the crowd until people thought me mad." 7- Who is the speaker? 8- Why did he stand at busy corners? 9- Why did the police suspect him?
E) Writing
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F) Translation
10- A) Translate into Arabic: 1-The company sent me on a language course to improve my English and to learn to translate Arabic into English and English into Arabic. 2- We can't catch up with developed countries without using the computer in all fields. C) Translate into English: .
(15)
Vocabulary
zoo cage improve area clearly particular tiger funny enormous energy / stamina group / inspector archaeologist /
attack
frightened medical treatment director modern world daily queue / Kangaroo ) ) marsupial pouch / long periods moisture grass jump huge Joey nut domestic strength ants patience cooperation particularly nearby teamwork swallow
photographer builder designer ) ) /
wedding dress repair = mend = fix scales fur lonely shipwrecked
apologize apology accept the stronger The weaker / training visitors owner / careful crocodile protect protection sound powerful garden wall special main
/ /
lift moral hunter bite
alone / tail free / escape
(1)

make a lot changes make a decision move around look down on look after go on a trip feel sorry for walk around on television close up pick up in height rest out of grow up apply for a job famous for /
pass an exam make friends wake up get worse work with on the radio get ready come into hospital
learn from at the front of
Language Notes
Would you like to + : - Would you like to have dinner with me tonight?
like / hate / enjoy + v. + ing: - I like playing chess. - I hate watching horror films. - I enjoying travelling abroad. spend + + v. + ing: - He spent the whole day watching television. stop from + v. + ing: ...... - Don't stop him from doing what he wants.
Tapescript
Main Points
They have made a lot of changes at the zoo. It's much easier for visitors to see the animals than it used to be. They've also improved things for the animals. For example, they've put the elephants in a larger area where they can walk further and move around more easily.
(2)
They've built a special place where visitors can stand and watch the elephants. You can look down on their area. Wild animals which may attack you if they're very hungry or frightened. They feed wild animals and give them medical treatment if they are ill, but many of the cages are dirty and much, too small for the animals in them. The modern world needs zoos to teach people about wild animals. When they visit a zoo, people see animals that they would never see in their daily lives. Zoos can help to protect animals. Some animals are only living today because zoos have protected them
Reading
The Kangaroo a different kind of animal
Kangaroos are wild animals which are found only in Australia. They are marsupials, which means that their babies grow in a pouch - a kind of bag - at the front of their mother's body. There are seventeen different kinds of kangaroos. The largest, the red kangaroo, can grow up to 1.8 metres in height. Red kangaroos live alone or in small groups in the dry areas in the centre of Australia. They do not need to drink for long periods of time because they can find moisture in the grass and other plants that they
eat. During the day, when it is hot, they sleep or rest out of the sun. They start moving around in the evening, at night or early in the morning. Kangaroos are famous for the way they move. They do not walk or run like most other animals, but jump using their powerful back legs and large feet. They can move six metres in one jump. They use their huge tails like another leg to stop themselves from falling, especially when they are moving slowly. Scientists have discovered that these strange jumping animals use less energy when they are moving fast than when they are moving slowly. "Joeys", which is what Australian people call baby kangaroos, are born into their mother's pouch, where they can drink her milk. At first, they are only as big as a small nut, but they grow slowly in the pouch until they are big enough to leave their mothers.
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Communications
The Lion and the Mouse
While a lion was sleeping, a small mouse began running up and down his leg. Soon the angry lion woke up, put his huge foot on the mouse and opened his enormous mouth to swallow him. "I'm sorry," cried the little mouse, "Don't eat me. If you let me go, I'll never forget it. One day I will help you." The lion thought that this was such a funny idea that he lifted his foot and let the mouse go. The next year, the lion was caught by hunters who wanted to take him to their king. They put ropes round him so that he could not escape, then went to find more men to help carry him. At that moment, the mouse went past and saw the lion in ropes. He remembered his promise, so he went up to the lion and bit through the ropes. As soon as the lion was free, the two friends escaped together. The best moral for the story is: Little friends can be great friends.
Choose the correct answer: 1They've (done-found-played-made) a lot of changes at the zoo last year. 2The elephants were put in a larger area where they can move (down-up-around-over) more easily. 3Animals may (attack-attract-play-stay) people if they are hungry or frightened. 4Mr Tom works (for-with-at-out) animals at Regents Park Zoo in London.
5We went on a school (trip-flight-voyage-walk) to the zoo yesterday. 6I hate (see-saw-seeing-seen) animals in cages. 7Animals are given (medicine-medical-political-social) treatment if they are ill. 8We can see programmes about animals (in-at-for-on) television. 9When it is hot, Kangaroos sleep or rest (away-out of-out-by) the sun. 10A zoo keeper looks (at-of-after-for) animals. 11I feel sorry (for-on-at-with) him as he has lost all his money. 12Some wild animals live in (houses-homes-cages-holes) in the zoo. 13(Mammals-Reptiles-Birds-Marsupials) put their babies in their pouch. 14(Joeys-Puppies-Kittens-Puppets) are baby kangaroos. 15I'll (make-do-put-work) my English test next week. 16Fish are covered in (scales-fur-feathers-fin). 17Dogs and cats are covered in (scales-fur-fins-feathers) 18A famous (designer-archaeologist-scientist-photographer) made my sister's wedding dress. 19If you want a job, you should (apply-supply-offer-provide) for it. 20If you don't have any friends, you might feel (lone-happylonely-pleased). 21You can (improve-best-good-higher) your English by listening to English programmes. 22I spent an hour at the station (wait-waited-to wait-waiting) for the train. 23I want to travel because I enjoy (see-to see-seeing-saw) new places.
Grammar Review
Questions and short answers

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Question
Are you Egyptian? Is he Spanish? Have you read this book? Has he read the magazine? Do you live in Cairo? Does he work at the university? Can you come to my party? Yes, Yes, Yes, Yes, Yes, Yes, I am. he is. I have. he has. I do. he does.
Short answer
No, No, No, No, No, No, I'm not. he isn't. I haven't. he hasn't. I don't. he doesn't.
Yes, I can.
No, I can't.
Can he swim?
Yes, he can.
No, he can't.
Choose the correct answer: 1Did you have good weekend? Yes, I (have-had-did-do). 2Can you drive a car? Yes, I (can-do-drive-could). 3Have you ever been to the zoo? - Yes, I (have-had-did-do). 4Do you play music? - No, I (do-don't-don't play-play). 5Will you travel abroad this year? No, I (will-won't-can't-don't). 6Are you Egyptian? - Yes, I (am-am not-do-are). 7You went to a school trip to the zoo yesterday, didn't you? - Yes, I (do-did-done-went) 8We can see programmes about animals on television, can't we? - Yes, we (see-do-can't-can).
Necessity & Obligation

Present must + has to + have to + Past had to + Future will have to +
Tense
Statement
Examples:
7-
I must phone the doctor to make an appointment. (This is necessary) 8I had to get up early this morning. (This was necessary) 9You'll have to work hard to do well in the test. (This will be necessary)
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Tense Statement
Present Past Future
doesn't have to + / don't have to + didn't have to + = It was not necessary for to + won't have to + = It won't be necessary for to +
Examples:
Prohibition
mustnt + =be not allowed to +

Example:
- You mustn't drive more than 50 kph.
(This is a rule or law)
Advice
5It's advisable to take steps to reduce pollution. (should) We should take steps to reduce pollution. 6I advise you not to eat sweets between meals. (shouldn't) You shouldn't eat sweets between meals.
Choose the correct answer: 1children (must not- don't have to-didn't have to-needn't) put their hands into animals' cages. It's very dangerous. 2If you want to see the baby elephant at the zoo tomorrow, you'll (must-had to-has to-have to) wait in a queue. 3If you are working with animals, you (don't have to-didn't have to-needn't-mustn't) frighten them. 4When you go to the zoo, you (won't have to-mustn't-doesn't have to-didn't have to) ask where the birds are because you will hear them. 5When I worked at a zoo, I (must-will have to-should-had to) feed them two or three times a day.
6It isn't expensive to visit the zoo, so you (mustn't-didn't have to-doesn't have to-don't have to) pay for the children. 7Yesterday I (must-will have to-should-had to) finish my Geography project. 8All employees (must-has to-mustn't-shouldn't) on time for work.
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Statement direct : direct :1- Direct say to says to said to Reported tell tells told Direct Reported say say says says said said that 2- 3- 5- ) ( . : Reported
Direct Present simple Present continuous
Past simple Past continuous Present perfect Past perfect Past simple Past perfect Past continuous Past perfect cont Present perfect cont Past perfect cont
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: Direct will shall may can't Reported can could won't wouldn't must had to am / is / are going was / were going to to : Reported that there before that night the following Direct these now today tomorrow yesterday Reported those then that day the next (following) day the day before Reported would should might couldn't Direct
Direct this here ago tonight next year
last year
year the year after the year before the previous year
the previous day
Examples: 1-He said, "I want to be a doctor." (He said that ..) He said that he wanted to be a doctor. 2-He said to me, "I've forgotten your name. (He told me.) He told me that he had forgotten my name. 3-He said, "I'll see you tomorrow. (He said he.) He said he'd see me the next day. 4-She said, "I worked yesterday." (She said that) She said that she had worked the day before. 5-Dalia said, "I'm doing my homework now." (Dalia said that..) Dalia said that she was doing her homework then. 6-He said to me, "I didn't finish my homework last night." (He told..) He told me that he hadn't finished his homework the night before. : .1- - He said, "Water boils when it's heated." (He said that..) He said that water boils when it's heated. 2- : . now, just now, a moment ago, a minute ago,........ - He said just now, "I'll visit you next week." (He said just now that) He said just now that he'll visit me next week. and that / and added that 3- - He said, "I can't do my homework today. I'll do it later." He said that he couldn't do his homework that day and that he'd do it later.
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Choose the correct answer: 1Linda told me that she (is staying-was staying-has stayedstays- at home) all afternoon. 2Sara (told-asked-wondered-said) that she had cooked dinner. 3Leila told me that she (has bought-had bought-bought-was buying) a dress from the new shop the day before. 4Lynda said that she (would take-will take-has taken-had taken) the children to the park the following day. 5Mary said she (may-will-can-might) leave the office at 4.00. 6He said just now he (was doing-is doing-had done-would do) his homework then.
7He (said-told-asked-ordered) he would spend the weekend on his farm. 8He said that water (boiled-boils-had boiled-was boiling) when it's heated. 9Ali told me that he (don't-couldn't-won't-hasn't) swim. 10Rania said that he had gone to the club (yesterday-the next day-the following day-the day before).
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Linkers of result
subject + verb+ so +adj. / adv. + that+ - He was very clever. He answered all questions. ( sothat) He was so clever that he answered all questions. . so -He ran so quickly that he caught the train. (So) So quickly did he run that he caught the train. Subject + verb + such + a/an adj. +n. +that + -It was a very hot day. We decided to stay indoors. (such.that) It was such a hot day that we decided to stay indoors. . such -It was such a hot day that we decided to stay indoors. (Such) Such a hot day was it that we decided to stay indoors. + / + +enough to + ) ) -He is very rich. He can buy an expensive car. (enough to) He is rich enough to buy an expensive car. + +too + + / to + ) )
-The tea is very hot. I cant drink it. (too..to)
The tea is too hot to drink.
Choose the correct answer: 1-The weather was (enough-very-such-so) lovely that we spent the whole day in the open. 2It was (very-enough-too-so) dark for me to recognize him. 3He isnt (too tall-tall enough-so tall-very tall) to touch the ceiling.
4He was (so-such-very-too) a coward that he ran away from the battlefield. 5These are (so-very-such a-such) tight shoes that I can't wear them.
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Test
1- Finish the following dialogue: Nadia : (1) .? Azza : It's a photograph of my town.? Nadia : (2) .? Azza : Next to the library? That's the cinema. Nadia : (3) .? Azza : Yes, there's a post office behind the bank.. Nadia : (4) .? Azza : My school? It's behind the park. 2- Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d: 1Birds are covered in .................... which keep them warm and protect them. a) scales b) fins c) feathers d) fur 2They .................... a lot of changes at the zoo last year. a) did b) made c) found d) played 3Britain is a large .................... in the north of Europe . a) island b) place c) town d) sea 4Hesham said he .................... flown to Istanbul the week before . a) has b) had c) is d) was 5When will we .................... do our English test this term ? a)must b) have c) should d) have to 6Sand cats, elephants and lions are all ................. animals . a) wild b) huge c) extreme d) dry 7Birds live in .................... which they often build in trees . a) houses b) holes c) branches d) nests 8I want to .................... my English . I'm taking extra lessons next week. a)improve b) best c) good d) higher 9.................... I was working , my mobile phone rang three times . a) During b) As soon as c) While d)Then 10- John said his favourite drink .................... orange juice . a) has been b) was c) was being d) are
4- Correct the underlined mistakes in the following paragraph Yasser was getting ready to go to school when the telephone rang. He run into the living room, picked up the phone and said, Hello, this is Yasser. "You'll have to go to school without my this morning, said his best friend Ali. Whats a matter? asked Yasser. I don't feeling well," said Ali, "I think I have flu. 1- 2- . 3- . 4- .. 5- Read the text below, then write the word which best fits each space; I first heard Robinson Crusoe on the radio when I was ten years (1) .. A man with a quite voice read the (2).. every evening on a children's programme . Each part of the story lasted fifteen(2).. It was so exciting, I couldn't wait to (4).. The next part of the story . I really wanted to (5).. how it was going to end . Since then , Robinson Crusoe has been one of my(6).. stories. ' 6- Read the following passage, then answer the questions: Omar decided that he wanted to be a doctor when he grew up. He made his decision after seeing a television programme about a doctor who worked in a country area in China . So Omar worked hard at school , passed all his exams and went to university to study to be a doctor. He spent most of his time working , but also made many good friends. When he finished his training , he found a job as a junior doctor working in a village in northern India. He worked with a group of older doctors and a young doctor he had trained with. Most of the time they worked in a small village hospital , but on two days a week they went to a nearby town and helped the Indian doctors who worked there. One day, when Omar was working in the larger hospital , a young man came in with a broken leg . He wasn't Indian. When the man saw Omar, he said ," Omar ! Do you remember me ? We were in the same course at university A) Answer the following questions : 1When did Omar decide he wanted to be a doctor ? 2Where did the doctor on the television programme work ? 3Where did Omar work when he had finished his training ? 4What was wrong with the man who came into the hospital ? B) Choose the correct answer: 5- In what part of India was the village where Omar worked ? a) the capital b) the south c) the north d) the east 6- Who did he work with at first in India ? a) other junior doctors
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b) some older and younger doctors c) older doctors d) a group of friends 7- How did the young man in hospital know Omar ? a) They had been at university together b) Their parents were friends c) They played for the same football team d) They had been at school together
7- Answer only Four (4) of the following questions: 1How did Robinson Crusoe arrive on the island ? 2Why was he lonely on the island ? 3How did Robinson Crusoe know there was another person on the island ? 4How do you think Robinson Crusoe felt when he first arrived on the island ? 5When he arrived in England , what do you think Robinson Crusoe missed his life on the island ? 6Why do you think he went back to the island after his wife died 8- A) Translate into Arabic: 1I am not busy now . 2They won't be able to finish their work on time 3We mustn't break school rules . 4Don't put off today's work till tomorrow. B) Translate into English: . . . .
-1 -2
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-3 -4
Modern Wonders
Vocabulary
wonders invention machines fill / /
invent inventor disadvantages advantages plane cause air pollution noise pollution anywhere immediately text messages cost international calls radio station clearly good points bad points air travel damage environment incredible communicating accident badly damaged
ordinary enormous advance medical inside replace damaged heart lungs increase happiness health farming patients space travel produce / production directions exactly pharaoh tomb point equipment ramp
/ / /
tour guide submarine lighthouse connected bill treatment x-ray ancient world modern world list huge
hanging gardens cloning genetic engineering nuclear power shopping colonise majority population bring
teenager / illustrate
(1)
patience teamwork lightweight solar power intensive imagination determination strength technical explore universe disease-resistant irrigation irrigate nutritious crops Knowledge development
make a choice For many reasons travel to in a very short time get on be in London in about 4 hours 4 agree with think about put a number into talk to in the world in the past arrive in a country switch on / )) from all over the world break down get out of listen to
.
connected to get news from in different languages thank for + v. + ing in a hurry crash into near to get off on mobile phone in a few hours look after add to communicate with on the radio do a sport take photographs on television available for on the other hand /
Vocabulary Study
lighthouse: a tower with a bright light that tells ships about dangers . at sea connected: joined.
bill: paper which says how much you owe for something you have bought. treatment: what doctors and nurses do to patients to make them better. X-ray: a photograph of part of the inside of someone's body.
(2)
Confusable Words
discover / invent / explore: discover: ) ) - Christopher Columbus discovered America. invent: ) ) - Peter Captiza and others invented the artificial satellite in 1957. explore: ) ) - The best way to explore the countryside is on foot. steal / rob: steal: ) ) - The thieves stole five million dollars from the bank. rob: ) ) -They robbed a bank last week. -Someone robbed me last night. rob (someone) (of): - Someone robbed me of my watch last night. borrow / lend: borrow + + from + / : lend + / : + lend + + to + / : - Dalia lent Hala her camera. (borrowed) Hala borrowed a camera from Dalia.
Language Notes
In my opinion = I think - I think that planes cause air and noise pollution. (opinion) In my opinion planes cause air and noise pollution. take + + + to + - He did the homework in an hour. (It took..)' It took him an hour to do the homework. spend + + v. + ing: - He spent two hours playing music. :.
owe + + to + - I owe a lot of money to the bank.
owe + : + - I owe the bank a lot of money.
(3)
instead of + v. + ing: - Instead of doing his homework, he watched television. + enable + + to + : - We can make progress with modern technology. (Modern technology..) Modern technology enables us to make progress.
Money Verbs
present
spend pay buy cost spends - pays - buys - costs
Simple past
spent paid bought cost
Present perfect
have have have have / / / / has has has has spent paid bought cost
Tapescript
The plane is an important invention of the last hundred years, because it has made the world a smaller place. People can travel to other countries in a very short time. For example, I can get on a plane at Cairo airport and be in London in about four hours. The disadvantage is that planes cause air and noise pollution and we have to do something about that soon. The telephone - and particularly the mobile phone is an important invention of the last hundred years. You can put a few numbers into my phone and talk to people anywhere in the world immediately. Or, if I haven't got much time, I send a text message. In the past, you had to write letters and they took weeks to arrive in a foreign country. The only problem is the cost international calls can be quite expensive. The radio is an important invention. You just switch it on and you can get news from all over the world in different languages. You can listen to radio programmes in English. but it can sometimes be difficult to find a station. And when youve found the station, its sometimes difficult to hear clearly unless you have an expensive radio.
Reading
The wonders of the modern world
Hundreds of years ago, a list was made of the Seven Wonders of the World. The Lighthouse at Alexandria and the Great Pyramid of Giza were among them. The others were buildings or large statues. But what are the wonders of the modern world? Let's look at two of the most important wonders which are not buildings.
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Thirty years ago, computers were huge, expensive machines which filled rooms. Hardly anyone could buy them because they cost so much. Today, however, there are millions of cheap computers in offices and homes across the world. In some countries, many ordinary people have bought one or more computers, which are connected by the internet to shops, banks and offices. More and more people are shopping, paying their bills, studying and doing many other things by computers. During the last hundred years, There have also been enormous advances in medical treatment. X-rays, for example, make it possible to see what is happening inside our bodies. Doctors can also replace damaged hearts and lungs. No other science has done more to increase our health and happiness. There are other wonders that can be added to this list, such as space travel and new ways of farming which produce better food.
Questions & answers

1-What were the Seven Wonders of the ancient world? The Great Pyramid of Giza. The Lighthouse at Alexandria. The Colossus of Rhodes. The Hanging Gardens of Babylon. The Statue of Zeus at Olympia. TheTemple of Artemis at Ephesus. ) ) The Mausoleum of Mausoleos at Halicarnassus.
Critical Thinking
There are other wonders that can be added to this list, such as space travel and new ways of farming which produce better food.
The pyramids
As everyone knows, the Egyptian pyramids are the tombs of the pharaohs, the country's ancient kings. There are more than 90 pyramids in all. The four sides of each pyramid point in the directions north, south, east and west.
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We do not know exactly how they were built, but one thing we know is that they were built without the kind of machines and equipment we use today. Most of the thousands of workers who built the pyramids usually worked on farms, but they could not work in the fields between the months of July and November because the land was under water. The stone was cut and then taken by boat, or pulled on pieces of wood, to the place where they were going to build the pyramid. They put the first stones of the pyramid under the sand. Then they put more huge pieces of stone on top of each other to make steps. To get the stones as high as they needed, they pulled them up ramps which they had built up the sides of the pyramid. Next, they filled in the steps with smaller pieces of white stone. When the pyramids were finished, their sides shone brightly.
Communication
Inventions bring problems as well as happiness
People invent things for many reasons. For example, the telephone was invented so that people can communicate with each other when they are not in the same place. The television was invented to bring people news and interesting information. The telephone and the television have brought many people great
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happiness. However, they have also brought problems. For example, the telephone can make people lazy - they may telephone friends instead of visiting them. The television can also make people lazy. For example, more people now watch sport on television than go out and do a sport themselves.
Choose the correct answer: 1People spend too much time (talk-talking-talked-to talk) on their mobile phones. 2Air travel (helps-benefits-hurts-damages) the environment and should be more expensive. 3People can travel (at-with-to-by) other countries in a very short time. 4You can get on a plane at Cairo airport and be (on-at-in-from) London in about four hours.
5One (disadvantage-advantage-merit-benefit) of planes is that they cause air and noise pollution. 6Air travel has made the world a (smaller-huge-big-large) place. 7You can fly from Cairo to London (at-on-by-in) about four hours. 8You can send people text (books-letters-messages-bills) if you don't have much time. 9(Fortunately-Luckily-Unfortunate-Unfortunately), planes cause air and noise pollution. 10It can be expensive to (do-make-work-talk) international phone calls. 11Hussein often listens (on-for-at) radio programmes in English. 12People can travel to other countries (in-at-from-by) a very short time. 13Sometimes it can be difficult to find a radio (stop-space-spicestation). 14You can put a few numbers (into-in-on-to) your mobile and talk to people anywhere in the world immediately. 15In the past, letters took weeks to arrive (at-to-on-in) a foreign country. 16On the radio you can get news (from-in-into-at) all over the world in different languages. 17A nurse is trained to look (at-for-after-up) sick people. 18A (submarine-station-rocket-olane) is a ship that can travel on the surface of the water and under water. 19The Great Pyramid at Giza was one of the Seven (MastersWonders-Wanders-Statues) of the Ancient World.
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Thirty years ago, computers were (huge-small-thin-little) machines which filled rooms. 21Computers are connected by the internet (for-by-with-to) shops and banks. 22Doctors can (place-buy-replace-keep) damaged hearts and lungs. 23We can travel through the internet (at-in-to-from) no time. 24The Egyptian pyramids are the (tombs-bombs-temples-tables) of the ancient kings. 25People invent things (at-for-with-from) many reasons 26The telephone enabled people to communicate (with-by-tofor) each other. 27The television was (done-discovered-invented-explored) to bring people news and information. 28People may telephone friends instead of (visit-visits-visitingvisited) them. 29I like your new blouse. How much did it (cost-pay-buy-spend) you? 30My parents (cost-paid-bought-spent) a new mobile for me.
20-
31My new mobile is not expensive. It (cost-paid-bought-spent) me LE 200. 32I've been shopping. I (cost-paid-bought-spent) bread, vegetables and meat. 33I (cost-paid-bought-spent) all my money while I was on holiday. 34A (lighthouse-pyramid-ship-boat) is a tall building by the sea with a flashing light at the top to warn ships of dangerous rocks. 35It can be expensive to make (local-public-internationalnational) calls. 36Doctors give patients (treatment-employment-measurementenjoyment) to make them better. 37Traveling to space (able-unable-enables-can) people to explore the universe beyond their own world. 38A (submarine-spaceship-plane-car) is a ship that travels underwater. 39(An airport-A spaceship-A spacecraft-A station) is a place where trains stop so that passengers can get on or off.
Read the text below, then write the word which best fits each space: The telephone and particularly the mobile phone is an important invention of the last hundred years. You can (1) a few numbers into my phone and talk to people anywhere in the (2) .. immediately. Or, if you haven't got much (3) ., you send a text message. In the past, you had to write letters and they (4) weeks to arrive in a foreign country. The only problem is the (5) .. international (6) .. can be quite expensive. (9)
Language Focus
Articles
The Indefinite Articles
.( )u a ? a book a house a stamp a uniform a university . h a-e-I-o-u)) an ? an apple an egg an idea an orange an umbrella an honest man a / an ? a European country. -: a/an ? . -1 - I have a house and a garden. .2-
.- He's a doctor .- We've got a car
.- He's an engineer
3-
The Definite Article

? the : 1- . - I have a house and a garden. The house is small, but the garden .is huge 2- . ?Which is the longest river in the world .of Egypt Cairo is the capital 3- . the sun the moon the sky the sea the land the world the Cairo Tower the High Dam the Pyramids the sphinx .- Don't look at the sun. you'll hurt your eyes 4- . the telephone - the television - the computer - the radio - the internetthe plane .- The plane has made travel very fast 5- . . is found in Africa -The giraffe .- The tiger is a member of the cat family 6- ) ( : .- The more you practise, the better you get - The computer is the most important modern invention 7- . The Mediterranean Sea The Red Sea The Nile The Amazon - The Sahara The Atlantic ocean The Himalayas - The Suez Canal
)01(
rich old the rich the old 8- . poor the poor the young young
? the : 1- . women men - beans - scientists - trees 2- milk oil - beauty sadness - love - happiness science - English Chemistry wood 3- breakfast lunch dinner supper ?- I usually have breakfast at 7 oclock 4-
Africa India London Abu Tig Yusef- Lake Naser Everest . the The United States of America (USA) The United Kingdom the Sudan school-prison-hospital-church-mosque 5- . the He went to prison. = He is a prisoner, a soldier or an officer. - He went to the prison. = He went there to visit someone.
1(A-An-The-No article) Sahara Desert is the largest desert in the world. 2My father is (a-an-the-no article) doctor. 3In fact, he's one of (a-an-the-no article) best doctors in our town. 4(A-An-The-No article) town he is talking about is Damietta. 5You shouldn't look at (a-an-the-no article) sun. It can damage your eyes. 6Yesterday I found (a-an-the-no article) mobile phone in the road. 7(A-An-The-No article) Nile is the longest river in the world. 8I saw (a-an-the-no article) accident this morning. 9We live in (a-an-the-no article) old house near to the sea Nile. 10When I leave school, I want to be (a-an-the-no article) tourist guide. 11(A-An-The-No article) mobile phone was invented in 1973. 12My brother is (a-an-the-no article) fastest swimmer in our school. 13The moon is a planet in (a-an-the-no article) sky. 14On our trip to Spain, we crossed (a-an-the-no article) Atlantic Ocean. 15When I was at school, I loved (a-an-the-no article) Mathematics. 16(A-An-The-No article) apples are good for you. 17Look at (a-an-the-no article) apples on that tree. 18We had dinner at (a-an-the-no article) most expensive restaurant in town.
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19My friend lived in (a-an-the-no article) India for a long time. 20This ring is made of (a-an-the-no article) gold. 21My father works for (a-an-the-no article) international company. 22Mr Ali is (a-an-the-no article) accountant in a big company. 23Tom is (a-an-the-no article) very nice person.
My father went to (a-an-the-no article) school to meet my teachers.

24-
Language Functions
Giving opinion: - I think.... - In my opinion,. - I've always thought that... Agreeing: I agree with you. You're right. Yes, that's what I think. Disagreeing: I'm afraid I don't agree with you. I don't think that's right.
Write what you would say in each of the following situations: 1Your brother says that air travel is incredible. You agree. 2You express your opinion about your friend's wonderful suit. 3Your mother says that London is the capital of France. 4You ask your friend about his opinion about your new computer. 5Someone thinks that women should stay at home. You disagree.
(12)
Test (13)
16Finish the following dialogue between Salwa and Amina about music: Salwa : Good morning, Amina. Amina: Good morning, Salwa. .? Salwa : I'm going to the music hall in the opera. Amina: ......? Salwa : There is a lecture about folk music by Professor Qenawi Mousa. Amina: ..? Salwa : He is going to talk about musical instruments all over Egypt. Amina: You have aroused my interest. Can I come with you? Salwa : . Amina: Thank you, Salwa. Let's go now. 17- Write what you would say in each of the following situations: 5Someone asks you what you think the most important invention is. 6You ask your friend about the price of his new shoes. 7A friend says she thinks mobile phones are the most important invention of the twentieth century. You have a different opinion. You think it is the TV. 8You ask a friend about the ancient world wonders.

18- Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d: 31If you have a radio, you can listen all kinds of programmes. a) at b) in c) to d) with 32You'll have to .. more if you fly business class. a) pay b) cost c) buy d) price 33You shouldn't look at .. sun. You may hurt your eyes. a) a b) an c) the d) any 34My new shoes aren't expensive. They .. LE 50. a) paid b) cost c) sold d) weighed 35We spent a week visiting the of Ancient Egyptian civilization. a) types b) methods c) ways d) wonders 36The printer is .. to the computer. a) contacted b) connected c) written d) glued 37.. has made the world a smaller place. a) A plane b) The plane c) Planes d) This plane 38When the waiter brought me the ., I was shocked at how much I had to pay. a) bill b) phone c) menu d) money 39People may telephone friends instead of them.
a) visit b) visits c) visited d) visiting 40. sun gives the earth warmth and light. a) A b) The c) An d) No article
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space: Thirty years ago, computers were huge, expensive machines which filled rooms. People could hardly buy them because they (1) so much. Today, there are millions of (2).. computers in offices and homes. In some countries, many (3) people have bought one or more computers, which are connected by the (4). to shops, banks and offices. More and more people are shopping, paying their (5).. , studying and (6). many other things by computers.

20- Read the following passage , then answer the questions: Thomas Edison lit up the world with his invention of the electric light. Without him, the world might still be a dark place. He also invented the phonograph, the motion picture camera, and over 1,200 other things. Thomas Edison was born in 1847. Surprisingly, he attended school for only two months. His mother, a former teacher, taught him a few things, but he was mostly self-educated. His natural curiosity led him to start experimenting at a young age with electrical and mechanical things at home. When he was 12 years old, he got his first job. He became a newsboy on a train. He set up a laboratory in a baggage car of the train so that he could continue his experiments in his spare time. He was fired when he accidentally set fire to the floor of the baggage car. He then worked for five years as a telegraph operator, but he continued to spend much of his time on the job conducting experiments. He got his first patent in 1868 for a vote recorder run by electricity. In 1870, he invented a stock-ticker, a machine that automatically prints stock prices on a tape. Thomas Edison was totally deaf in one ear and hard of hearing in the other, but thought of his deafness as a blessing in many ways. It kept conversations short, so that he could have more time for work. He called himself a "two-shift man" because he worked 16 out of every 24 hours. Sometimes he worked so intensely that his wife had to remind him to sleep and eat. Thomas Edison died at the age of 84 in 1931. He left numerous inventions that improved the quality of life all over the world. A) Answer the following questions: 1-What are Edison's inventions mentioned in the passage? 2-What effect did natural curiosity have on Edison? 3-How did Edison lose his first job?
4-Why did Edison call himself a "two-shift man"?
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B) Choose the correct answer: 5-Edison considered his deafness a) a disadvantage b) a blessing c) something from a priest d) a necessity 6-Of all the inventions, was probably the most important for civilization. a) the vote recorder b) the stock ticker c) the light bulb d) the motion picture camera 7- Edison's second job was .. a) a newsboy b) a stock-ticker c) a vote recorder d) a telegraph operator 7- Answer Only Four (4) of the following questions: 19- Why was the telephone invented? 20- Why were the Pyramids built? 21- Name two ancient wonders of the world. 22- What do you think is the most modern invention? State why. 23- Do you think ordinary people will travel into or live in space? 24- What do you think people in the future may learn from us today?
D) The Novel
A) Answer the following questions: 13- Where did the storyteller live? 14What did the storyteller do to find the real man? 15- Why did the storyteller faint when he read the man's card? 16What happened to Mr Ormond Wall? B) Read the following quotation, then answer the questions: "The search became like a madness to me. I neglected everything else." 10Who is the speaker? 11Who was the speaker searching for? 12Why did people think he was mad?
E) Writing
9- Write a paragraph of seven (7) sentences about: "Inventions bring problems as well as happiness"
F) Translation
10- A) Translate into Arabic: 1- The television was invented to bring people news and interesting information.
2During the last hundred years, There have also been enormous advances in medical treatment. D)Translate into English: .
(15)
Vocabulary
type hot air balloon coloured rubber bag toy decoration transport available exploration explore explorer unfamiliar arrest lawyer law court realize notice / sunglasses butcher sell / sold / sold caf / / / kitchen mechanic contain next door argument disagreement agreement criminal crime
/ / / /
railway line across servant serve succeed
science fiction space travel submarine rocket port hide / hid / hidden studies earn well-known magazine death article novel poem airport teenager robot astronaut information home town collect charity earthquake
success successful kidnap rescue fuel problems
/ /
/ real international date line / hurry / arrival illness traffic jam / flu infected prepare master slave congratulate chance route
(1)
victims financial help description frightened

filled with come out available for speak for on their journey interested in hear of grow up busy with leave for pay for earn money live on wait for listen to next to / on TV ... do the homework / adapt to live with work for at the same time look for save from get to run away on holiday on the way keep away from go round take off come up
/ ) )
Vocabulary Study
balloon: coloured rubber bag that is filled with air to use as a toy or decoration, or for transport. . come out: become available for people to buy. / exploration: travelling through an unfamiliar area to find out what it is like.
lawyer: Someone who advises people about the law and speaks for them in court. realise: notice something that you have not noticed or understood before. science fiction: books and stories about life in the future. argument: a disagreement between people. criminal: a person who has done something bad. reach: arrive at + = arrive in + servant: person who lives with and works for another person.
(2)
Confusable words
journey /voyage: journey: ) ) / - His wife accompanied him on his journey to America. voyage: ) ) / - During their voyage at sea, a storm blew. on time / in time: on time: punctual - Despite the bad weather, our plane left on time. in time: not late, early enough. - We arrived at the airport in time to eat before the plane lefty. during / while: during + v. + ing / noun : - I woke up several times during the night. while + v. + ing / + was / were + v. + ing: - I heard him come in while we were having dinner. - I heard him come in while having dinner. manage / succeed: manage + to + : succeed in + v. + ing: - He managed to get the driving test. (succeeded) - He succeeded in getting the driving test. by / on / in + : by + : by ( plane train ship boat car taxi elephant bus. on foot / on horseback
on + : + on (a ship a plane the bus the train my bicycle) in a car / in my car / in a taxi accept / agree: accept: (an invitation / an offer / an apology / a present / a bribe / advice) ( ) / / / / / - She accepted his invitation to dance. agree: ) ) -He suggested going to the club but no one agreed. agree to: (a plan / a suggestion / an idea)( / / ( -They finally agreed to our offer. agree with: ) ) -I objected and they agreed with me.
(3)
agree on: - They are still trying to agree on a date for the wedding.
Language Notes
spend + time +( v ing ): - Jules Verne spent a lot of his time writing stories. Stop + v. + ing: - He stopped paying for his son's studies and told him he had to find a job avoid + v. + ing: - He avoids meeting bad people.
Verbs and Nouns

Catch
Catch Catch Catch Catch a a a a ball bus train flight / Catch Catch Catch Catch a criminal a disease cold flue
Lose
Lose a ball . Lose a race
Lose a criminal Lose a match Miss a ball Miss a bus Miss a flight
Lose weight Lose appetite
Miss
Miss a match Miss a train Miss a person
Tapescript
You probably don't know much about the writer Jules Verne, but you may have heard of two of his most famous novels: Journey to the Centre of the Earth and Around the World in Eighty Days. Verne wrote stories about air travel, space travel and submarines before planes, rockets or submarines were used. This is why many people call Jules Verne the 'father of science fiction'. Verne was born in 1828. He grew up in a port called Nantes in northern France. It was always busy with ships coming and going. This may be why Jules became interested in travel and exploration. There is a story that when he was very young, he wanted to travel so much that he hid on a ship as it was leaving Nantes for America. After he left school, Jules Verne studied to be a lawyer, but spent a lot of his time writing stories about fantastic journeys. His father, who was also a lawyer, realised this, so he stopped paying for his son's studies and told him he had to find a job. His first story, which was called Five Weeks in a Balloon, came out in 1863. After that, he wrote two books every year and earned enough money to live on his writing. His most well-known book, that he wrote in 1873, was Around the World in Eighty Days. It first came out in a magazine. In 1905, Jules Verne became ill and died. His last novel came out after his death. It was called The Lighthouse at the End of the World.

Around the World in Eighty Days
The story begins in a London club on October 2, 1872. Phileas Fogg, a rich man, has an argument with a friend about how long it would take him to travel round the world. Fogg's friend does not believe that Fogg can finish the journey in 80 days. If he succeeds, Fogg will win 20,000.
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Fogg leaves London, with his servant Passepartout, at 8.45 pm on October 2. They will have to return at the same time on December 21. After seven days, they reach Suez, where they meet a man called Fix. Fix is a policeman who thinks that Fogg is the criminal he is looking for. The three men travel to Bombay by ship, then to Calcutta by train. Unfortunately, the railway line is not finished and they need to travel part of the way by elephant. On their journey, they save a young woman from death. She is called Aouda and she goes with them on their journey. From Calcutta, they travel by ship to Hong Kong, then across the Pacific to San Francisco. In San Francisco, Fogg, Passepartout, Fix and ; Aouda catch the train to New York, but during this journey Passepartout is kidnapped. Fogg rescues his servant, but they get to New York late and miss their boat to Liverpool. After fuel problems, the next boat finally reaches Britain. As Soon as they arrive, Fix arrests Fogg. He quickly realises that Fogg is not the real criminal, but by now they have missed their train to London, lost a day and so lost the money. However, Passepartout discovers that it is December 20, not December 21. Because they had travelled east, they had crossed the International Date Line and saved a day! Fogg Passepartout hurry to the club and arrive in time to win the 20,000.
Choose the correct answer: 1The earliest type of air travel was the hot air (balloon-saloonplane-ship). 2Hemingway's novel A Farewell to Arms came (in-over-without) in 1929. 3In 1492, Christopher Columbus left Italy on a journey of (discovery-invention-exploration-expectation). 4After he left school, Jules Verne studied law to be a (mayorlawyer-buyer-seller). 5Verne spent a lot of his time (write-writing-writes-wrote) stories about fantastic journeys. 6Jules' father stopped (paying-pays-pay-paid) for his studies. 7Most science (faction-fiction-fact-factory) books tell stories about life in the future. 8I've (realized-relaxed-known-reached) that I don't have to go to school today because it's a holiday. 9When the man was (taken-arrested-killed-injured), he asked to speak to his lawyer. 10- Have you ever heard (at-by-of-with) Jules Verne? 11- Jules Verne grew (in-over-up-at) a port in France. 12- Nantes is a port busy (at-of-about-with) ships coming and going. 13- Jules was interested (in-by-of-at) travel and exploration. 14- Her earned enough money to live (with-on-by-at) his writing. 15- A lawyer speaks (of-on-for-by) people who have been arrested.
16- (On-At-By-While) a journey of exploration, people discover new places. 17(During-While-When-As) the journey, he was kidnapped. 18- If you don't hurry up, we'll (catch-lose-miss-win) the train. 19- If you don't (catch-lose-miss-win) weight, you won't feel better. 20- I enjoy (listen-to listen-listens-listening) to is my grandfather. 21-
Language focus
Relative Pronouns
Who whom which that whose where - when . Who = that . that Ahmed is my friend. He won the prize. (who) Ahmed who (that) won the prize is my friend. : That is the man. He helped me That is the man who (that) helped me. Who = whom = that . that Ahmed is my brother. You met him yesterday. (whom) Ahmed whom ( who - that ) you met yesterday is my brother. (9) . : Ahmed, you met yesterday, is my brother. That's the man. You are talking about. That's the man whom / who / that you are talking about. That's the man you are talking about. : . who that whom That's the man about whom you are talking.
which = that . that The books are all mine. They are on the shelf. The books which (that) are on the shelf are all mine. I opened the window. It overlooks the garden. (which) I opened the window which (that) overlooks the garden. The dog is mad. You killed it. The dog which (that) you killed is mad. The dog, you killed is mad. . which : He bought a new car. He made an accident with it. He bought a new car which (that) he made an accident with. He bought a new car with which he made an accident. ( which ) . that
whose
( s ' ) my , his , her , its , your , their , our ). ) That's the man. His son succeeded. (whose) That's the man whose son succeeded. My uncle travelled abroad. We live in his house. (whose) My uncle in whose house we live travelled abroad. that : . where . This is the house. We live in it now. This is the house where we live. when . ( ) It is the month July. We go on holiday. (when) It's the month July when we go on holiday. who , which : . v.to be v. to be (Where) (10)
They boy who was punished yesterday got the worst marks. The boy, punished yesterday got the worst marks. The food which was left in the dirty container has turned bad. The food left in the dirty container, has turned bad.
Choose the correct answer: 1-Dickens was the writer (which-who-whose-where) wrote Oliver Twist. 2-I visited Alexandria, the city (who-which-where-when) Gamal Abdel Nasser was born. 3-The book about Dickens, (who-whom-whose-which) my friend gave me, is very interesting. 4-They've built a new school next to the house (who-which-wherewhen) I grew up. 5-Someone (who-which-whose-where) I enjoy listening to is my grandfather. 6-Neil Armstrong was the first man (where-when-who-whose) walked on the moon. 7-Will you lend me the DVD (who-whom-which-when) you bought last week. 89-The girl (which-who-whose-that) mother is ill is crying. 10-This is the house (which-where-whose-that) I spent my childhood. (11) 11-Elba is the island (who-whose-whom-where) Napoleon was exiled. 12-These are the books (that-whom-who-what) give you all the information you need on space. 13-This is the mechanic (which-whose-who-whom) repaired my car. 14-Romeo and Juliet were two lovers (which-whose-who-that) parents hated each other. 15-Summer is the season (when-who-which-where) many people take vacations. 16-Armstrong was the first man (whom-whose-which-who) walked on the moon. 17-We had a river in (which-that-where-what) we could swim. 18-I dont like people (who-whose-which-what) drive fast cars. 19-July is the month (when-who-which-where) I go on holiday. 20-He met one of his old friends in Tanta (which-that-where-who) he lives. 21-This is the time (which-when-who-that) she usually arrives. 22-When she sees (which-why-what-that) you have done, she will be angry.
Test 14
A- Language Functions
1- Finish the following dialogue between Rania and her friend Dalia. Menna : What are you reading? Ahmed : (1).. Menna : 2).........................? Ahmed :.Jules Verne wrote this story Menna : Really! I want something about science fiction. Ahmed : Why do many people call him the father of science fiction? Menna :......................................(3)................................... Ahmed : (4).. ? Menna : No, his father was a lawyer. 2- Write what you would say in each of the following situations: 1- You want to ask your friend if he heard of Jules Verne. 2- A friend thinks that science fiction is rubbish.
3- Your brother asked," What today's science fiction writers write about?" 4 - Your father asked you "Would you like to be a lawyer or a writer?"
B- Vocabulary and Structure

3- Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d: 1Marconi, ., invented the radio, was born in 1874. a) whom b) whose c) who d) which 2A .. is someone who has done something wrong. a) gang b) servant c) lawyer d) criminal 3I've just that I forgot my wallet at home. a) realised b) relaxed c) known d) reached 4If we the bus at 12.30, we can get the next one at 3 o'clock a) catch b) leave c) miss d) lose 5This is the bedroom .. I sleep, use my computer and do my homework. a) where b) which c) when d) there 6The Old Man and the Sea, was written by Hemingway, is about an old fisherman. a) who b) whose c) where d) which 7Millions of people are waiting for the new book to come . . a) out b) over c) into d) down 8- On a journey of . , people discover new places. a) discovery b) exploration c) invention d) expectation 9- is a kind of travel which uses hot air. a) Gallon b) Saloon c) Balloon d) Baboon 10- They've built a new school next to the house..I grew up. a) who b) which c) where d) when
5- Read the text below, then write the word which best fits each space: Fogg and his (1). left London, After seven days, they (2) . Suez, where they met Fix who thought that Fogg was the criminal he was looking (3).. The three men travelled to Bombay by ship, then to Calcutta (4). train. On their journey, they saved a young woman (5) . death, but (6). this journey Passepartout was kidnapped.
(C) Reading Comprehension and Set Books

6- Read the following passage, then answer the questions: One of the results of technology and pollution grown is the increase of water pollution throughout the world. According to a United Nations report the future of all life on earth will be endangered if man does not
control contamination of the environment. It is time we realized the full extent of the dangers that face mankind. For instance, here in Egypt, look at our River Nile. It is strange to see how everything is thrown into it as if it were our litter basket. Instead of keeping it clean and pure, we pollute it. We ourselves, not our enemies, dirty it with our own hands. Some farmers wash themselves, their clothes, their animals, their pots and pans in its water. They even throw away their dead animals, and birds into it. Some people living in cities and towns throw their old tyre and broken bottles and rusty tins into it. Factories throw their waste chemicals and garbage. In this way the Nile water gets poisoned, kills fish, poisons land, weakens crops and destroys health. So it would be foolish to shut our eyes to the dangers of the pollution that man causes to the very thing on which his life depends. Please keep our Nile clean. A- Answer the following questions: 1- In what way has technology led to the increase of water pollution? 2- How do people in the countryside dirty the Nile? 3- Why does the writer describe the people who pollute the Nile as enemies? 4- What are main ideas in this passage? B)choose the correct answer from a,b,c,d: 5. Contamination mean . a- full extent` b- realize c- pollution d- environment 6. Technology led to of the Nile. a- pollution b- dangers c- poison d- growth of population 7. Pollution makes our crops . a- weakens b- destroyed c- weak d- poisoned 7- Answer only Four (4) of the following questions:
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1Why does phileas Fogg's friend think that he can't travel around the world in eighty days? 2Why do you think Fogg decided to try to go round the world in eighty days? 3- Why do you think he has the time to spend travelling like this? 4- If you had the chance to travel round the world, which route would you choose? 5- What would you most look forward to seeing on this journey? 6- What did Fix think of Fogg?
8 D. Novel
E- Writing
9- Write a paragraph of ( 7 ) sentences about:
"The role of youth in the progress of the country"

F- Translation 10- A) Translate into Arabic: 1- Verne was born and grew up in a port called Nantes in northern France. This may be why Jules became interested in travel and exploration. 2 - Have you heard of a writer published his work after his death? In 1905, Jules Verne became ill and died. His last novel came out after his death. B) Translate into English. .
15: Phobias
Vocabulary
phobia fear dizzy illness spiders / / lie dusty dust affect irrational session situation ) / / )
worry
/ therapist control / / virtual panic / / treatment avoid / treat unreasonable / extreme balance height anxiety bridge behave / remain sensibly relax doll / reasonable purpose small spaces combination open spaces conditions poisonous exist bite / bit / bitten / / existence cupboard therapy tunnel mental illness calm physical illness lift / image stairs society sports ground nervous nightmare appointment overcrowded shop assistant toy criminal
/ /
/ / / / /
relaxed clear headed dark light injure commonly exam phobia disappoint disappointment questionnaire last confidence
crime / arrest / / / customer pilot passengers
(1) confident methods details / figures silence

land motivate
/ /

afraid of frightened of grow up / turn (spin) round / get over / recover from fear of feeling of / make sure go up get away come from / /
worry about look like fall off his bicycle get off ) ) get on break down /
have a phobia about be born with take off / / dream about turn into It doesn't matter get away from / on the underground full of on the first floor
fall asleep in control of get close to pick up do a questionnaire suffer from go (get) into fail an exam fly through clouds run away from
Opposites
Word
panic get over an illness dizzy frightened dark take control /
Opposite stay calm

catch an illness clear headed relaxed light lose control / /
Vocabulary Study
(2)
Fear: the feeling you get when you are afraid or worried that something bad will happen. ) ) phobia: a strong, unreasonable fear of something. dizzy: feeling that you are losing your balance, for example, because you have been spinning round or you are ill. / get over: feel better after a bad experience, or after being ill / panic: a sudden strong feeling of fear or anxiety that makes you unable to think clearly or behave sensibly. / / avoid: make sure that something bad does not happen. / affect: cause a change in someone or something, or to change the situation they are in. irrational: not reasonable. / session: a period of time used for a particular purpose. situation: the combination of all the things that are happening and all the conditions that exist at a particular time and place. Therapist: someone whose job is to do a particular type of therapy (treatment of a mental or physical illness) virtual: when a computer makes you feel as though you are in a real situation.
Confusable Words
affect / effect: affect: (v) have an effect on - The fire affected both buildings badly. effect: (noun) - The fire had a bad effect on both buildings. cause / reason: cause of: - The police are still trying to find the cause of the fire. reason for + noun / v. + ing:
- I don't know the reason for his absence. reason why + + .: - I don't know the reason why he is absent. used to / be used to: used to + inf. : ) ) - He was in the habit of smoking when he was young. (used to) He used to smoke when he was young. (3) am/is/are + used to + v. + ing: ( ) - He usually drinks coffee after lunch. (is used to) He is used to drinking coffee after lunch. lose / miss: lose: - The team played well, but lost the game. - He lost a lot of money at races. miss: ) ) / ( / ) - I miss my old friends very much. - He missed the 9:30 train. remember / remind: remind: ) ) - Remind me to post the letter. - He reminds me of his father. remember: - She remembered to take medicine.
Language Notes
like / hate + v. + ing: - I like playing chess. - I hate watching terror films. make + + : - The bad weather made us stay at home. - His success made his family happy. without + v. + ing: - He left without saying goodbye. It's possible for to + : ...... - It's possible for you to pay with a credit card.
Tapescript
Speaker 1: I used to have a phobia about spiders. My father was frightened of spiders, so my phobia must have come from him. I remember him telling me that many spiders are poisonous. I always thought that any spider I saw was going to bite me, so I avoided all of the places where I might find a spider. I hated opening cupboards because I might have found a spider in it. And I never visited old buildings that might have been their home.
(4)
Speaker 2: My mother says I loved dolls until I was about five, so fear of dolls can't have been a phobia I was born with. It just happened slowly, like an illness. When I was seven, one of my aunts tried to help me get over this fear. She brought me an old doll, then took off its hair to show me that it wasn't a real person. Of course this just made everything worse. For weeks after I had bad dreams about dolls. That was when my fear turned into a real phobia. Now, if I see a doll, I feel ill and dizzy. I must get away from it. Speaker 3: When I was fifteen, I was in London and I had to travel on the underground. The train was full of people. Everyone was talking or reading their newspapers, then the train stopped in a tunnel. Most people stayed quite calm, but I began to panic. I ran up and down the train crying and shouting. After about five minutes, the train started moving again, and I got out at the next station. Since then I haven't travelled on the underground. I don't like being in very small places that must be why I have a phobia about lifts, too. In my last job I worked on the fourteenth floor of an office building, but I went up by the stairs, not the lift. I sometimes took the lift just to show myself that I could do it, but I didn't enjoy it. Speaker 4: Going to the park and other open places can be terrible for me. I have a very strange feeling when I go to these places. The small streets near my home and small gardens aren't a problem, but a trip to a big open space like a park or a sports ground can be a nightmare. I hear my own voice saying, "I must get away!" I'm really afraid of open spaces.
Reading
Treatments for phobias
Phobias are not just extreme fears-they are irrational fears. They can affect people's lives and make them frightened to do things which
most people do without thinking. For example, if you have a fear of heights, you may drive 40 kilometres to avoid a high bridge. The usual treatment is to slowly show the person who has the phobia what they fear. For example, a person with a spider phobia first thinks about a spider, then looks at photographs of spiders,' and finally looks at a real spider. The therapist who is giving the treatment remains calm and helps the patient to relax. The person with the phobia feels in control of the situation and, because of this, they do not panic. After a few sessions, they realise that the thing they are afraid of cannot hurt them. In another treatment, the therapist gets close to the spider and picks it up without showing any fear. This helps the patient to see that he or she has nothing to fear.
(5)
Some phobias can be treated in a few sessions with the therapist. Some people with phobias need medicine to help them relax before treatment. Treatment can be done in groups where people with the same phobia are helped together. It is also possible to have treatment from a computer program, where the patient is put into a virtual situation with the thing he or she fears.
Critical Thinking
Exam Phobia
It does not matter how clever you are or how hard you work, you have probably felt worried before an exam at some time in the past. Experts believe that about 50 percent of all students suffer from exam phobia. Some people are so frightened of an exam they are going to take that they cannot remember important information when they are in the exam room. These students will probably get lower marks. Some students cannot even go into the exam room, and of course, they fail. There are different reasons for this phobia. Exams are extremely important for all students. They are afraid of failing, because if they fail they will not get into a good university or find a good job. Also, students do not want to disappoint their parents. So what can students do if they suffer from exam phobia? Here is some advice from a teacher: Get lots of sleep. If you are tired, you will probably feel more worried. Eat healthy food. Lots of sweets and biscuits will not make you feel good. Believe in yourself. You must believe that you can succeed. Remember to do your best and you will pass the test.
Choose the correct answer: 1When I was younger, I often dreamt (about-from-of-with) tunnels. 2Some children are frightened (about-from-of-with) the dark. 3I don't like travelling on trains which are full (about-from-ofwith) people. 4My fear (about-from-of-with) parties came (about-from-ofwith) my mother. (7) 5I've always been afraid (about-from-of-with) birds. 6My brother was born (about-from-of-with) a fear (aboutfrom-of-with) cats. 7If you turn round many times, you may feel (dizzy-lazycrazy-happy). 8If you get (on-over-off-out) an illness, you recover from it. 9If you worry so much that you lose control, you (panic-playcry-shout). 10If you (like-run-avoid-wait) something, you try not to see it, do it or go to it. 11If you have a phobia, you feel very (fright-frighteningfrighten-frightened) of something. 12A (ball-doll-date-dart) is a toy which looks like a baby or a small person. 13People who are frightened (at-about-from-of) open spaces do not like large spaces. 14I don't like (be-being-was-were) in very small places. 15I hate (open-to open-opens-opening) cupboards because I may find a spider in them. 16- If you have a fear of (heights-lights-sights-fights), you may drive 40 kilometres to avoid a high bridge. 17We went on (a tour-an expedition-a voyage-flight) into the Amazon forest. 18When I heard the news, I was (appointed-disappointedappointment- disappointment). 19The plane took (up off after in) at seven in the morning. 20My brother was born (with of from at) a fear of cats. 21Silence, the court is in (session season hold attend). 22She (remembered reminded witness watched) to pay the bill. 23They (made did had arranged) a questionnaire to choose their leader. 24What happened made my fear turn (over-up-into-on) a real phobia.
Phobias can (affect-effect-effective-affection) people's lives. Some phobias can be treated in a few (sessions-gatheringssections-seasons) with the therapist. 27- It is also possible (have-having-to have-had) treatment from a computer programme. 28- The patient is put into a (virtual-irrational-national-local) situation with the thing he or she fears. 29- Experts believe that about 50 percent of all students suffer (ofwith-at-from) exam phobia. 30If you do your best, you will (succeed-cross-fail-pass) the test. 31Someone with a fear of (spiders-exams-heights-dolls) would not climb a tall tree or a mountain. 32Phobias are (irrational-rational-national-international) fears: there is no reason for the person to be so afraid. 33- The (therapy-therapist-pilot-architect) shows the patient that the situation they fear will not hurt them. 34A police officer arrests (criminals-crimes-pilots-passengers) in society. 35A shop assistant sells and serves things to (costumescustomers-waiters-customs) in shops.
2526-
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Language Focus
Modals pf Possibility Present: must / can't / might + inf.
Example - He must be English-he speaks English well. - He can't be Egyptian-he doesn't speak Arabic. - He might be French, but he is probably Italian.
The speaker thinks . - He is definitely English because he speaks English well. - He is definitely not English. - It is possible that he is French.
Past: must / can't / might + have + pp

Example The speaker thinks . - I'm frightened of snakes. A snake - A snake definitely frightened me must have frightened me when I was a child. when I was a child. - It's only 4 o'clock. The match - The match definitely hasn't can't have finished already. finished. (It's too early.)
- Azza wasn't at school yesterday. She might have had a doctor's appointment .
- It is possible that Azza had a doctor's appointment.
Choose the correct answer: 1The telephone rang, but I didn't hear it. I (can't have beenwould have been-must have been-might have been) asleep. 2You've only been in the laboratory for half an hour. You (can't have finished-must have finished-would have finishedfinished) your experiment already. 3Emad didn't take his keys with him. He (could have seencould see-might see-can't have seen) them on the table. 4This (may-can't-must-could) be his car. He's too poor to afford such an expensive car. (9) 5David isn't here. He (must-can-ought-should) have gone home to study for the test tomorrow. 6Ahmed is a professor of Chemistry. He must (be-have beenhave-had been) very clever at school. 7Where is David? He (must be-cant be-neednt be-mustnt be) at school. Classes begin at 8. 8I'm absolutely sure! They (must arrive-could arrive-should have arrived-must have arrived) yesterday, I saw their ticket. 9You (cant be-must be-should be-would be) joking. I cant possibly lend you that sum of money. 10- He looks happy. He (must-can't-may-might) have passed the exams.
(10)
Test
21Finish the following dialogue between Samy and Hany who was absent from school yesterday. Samy: Why were you absent yesterday? Hany : .. . Samy: . ? Hany : Yes, I went to the doctor. Samy: .? Hany: To take some pills and take rest for a week. Samy: How are you now? Hany: . .
22- Write what you would say in each of the following situations: 9You meet a foreigner who asks you to tell him the way to the citadel. 10You have a phobia of spiders. A friend asks you when it began 11Your friend asks you about the best treatment for people with phobias. 12Your teacher asks you what difference is there between a phobia and a fear

23- Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d: 41When he looks down from a high building, he feels . a) dizzy b) irrational c) virtual d) luxury 42I'm sorry to hear you're ill. I hope you get . it soon. a) better b) over c) on d) off 43When she was young, she had a of the dark. a) session b) panic c) frightened d) fear 44A helps patients with their treatment. a) pilot b) therapist c) phobia d) criminal 45Eating the right food health well. a) affects b) effect c) effective d) affection 46Im not sure. He .. have taken the book. a) will b) must c) may d) should 47I cant find my eyeglasses here. I left them at home. a) should have b) will have c) would have d) must have 48When he was young, he have a phobia about spiders. a) uses to b) used to c) is used to d) used 49She got the full mark on her exams. She clever. a) must be b) must have c) must have had d) had 50It .. a bird. You must be mistaken a) must be b) can't be c) may be d) might be (11) 24- Read the text below, then write the word which best fits each space: You have probably felt worried before an exam at some time in the past. Experts believe that about 50 percent of all students suffer from exam (1). Some people are so frightened of an (2) .. they are going to take that they cannot remember important information when they are in the exam (3). There are different (4) ... for this phobia. Exams are extremely important for
all students. They are (5) of failing, because if they fail they will not get into a good university or (6) a good job.

25- Read the following passage , then answer the questions: Elizabeth Blackwell was born in England in 1821, and emigrated to New York city when she was ten years old. One day she decided that she wanted to become a doctor. That was nearly impossible for a woman in the middle of the nineteenth century. After writing many letters seeking admission to medical schools, she was finally accepted by a doctor in Philadelphia. So determined was she that she taught at school and gave music lessons to earn money for her tuition . In 1849, after graduation from medical school, she decided to further her education in Paris. She wanted to be a surgeon, but a serious eye infection forced her to give up the idea. Upon returning to the United States, she found it difficult to start her own practice / because she was a woman. By 1857 Elizabeth and her sister, also a doctor, along with another female doctor, managed to open a new hospital, the first for women and children. Besides being the first female physician and founding her own hospital, she also established the first medical school for women. A) Answer the following questions: 1- How did Elizabeth Blackwell earn money for her tuition? 2- How old was Elizabeth when she graduated from medical school? 3- Why couldnt Elizabeth realize her dream of becoming a surgeon? 4- What are the firsts in the life of Elizabeth Blackwell?
(12) B) Choose the correct answer: 1-Elizabeth Blackwell emigrated to New York City in . . a) 1821 b) 1831 c)1849 d)1857 2- The main obstacle that almost destroyed Elizabeths chances for becoming a doctor was that . . a) she was a woman b) she wrote too many letters c) she couldnt graduate from medical school
d) she couldnt establish her hospital. 3-Elizabeth Blackwell went to a medical school in . a) Paris b) New York c) England d) Philadelphia 7- Answer Only Four (4) of the following questions: 1What kinds of things are people commonly afraid of? 2How is a phobia different from a fear? 3Why do some students not like exam rooms? 4Why do you think a lot of people are afraid of spiders, but not of butterflies? 5What sort of information do you think students forget easily? 6Why do you think it takes a few sessions for patients to realise they do not need to be afraid?
D) The Novel
A) Answer the following questions: 17- Mr Benting thought that the job he was offered in 1921 sounded boring, so why did he accept it? 18- What happens to Van Lutjens in the end? 19- Why did Van Lutjens take the diamonds to New York? 20- What was Benting's decision when the box fell into the sea? B) Read the following quotation, then answer the questions: "I must go down and look at my children." 13Who says this to whom? 14Who or what are these 'children'? 15Where will the man go down to look at the children?
E) Writing
9- Write a paragraph of seven (7) sentences about: "Someone that you like"
(13)
F) Translation
10- A) Translate into Arabic: 1Egypt has made great progress in different fields of industry, education and modern technology. 2The near future will witness great development in space tourism which will attract a lot of people.
:B)Translate into English .
(w
Vocabulary
invention passengers
invent situation sorts programme maker definitely educational programmes sound choice communication communicate imagine a good point dizzy / astronaut space key the woods phobia wake / woke / woken location trade centre financial centre coast
shop assistant serve customer caf owner tourist hug society traditionally multinational trading post experience lifestyle culture zebra parks grass crocodiles cool describe overlook crowded overpopulation polluted
Territories busy port exports imports shopping centre market population square spare time criminal arrest
generous area footballer island surprised sound Upper Egypt The Valley of the Kings beach countryside serious
Language Study
listen to: - If you have a radio, you can listen to all sorts of thinks in your home. invent: - Marconi invented the radio. in my opinion: - In my opinion, he is the best doctor in Assiut. by radio: - People on ships and planes communicate by radio. as well as: - Television gives us pictures as well as sound. let + + : - Father let me drive his car during the weekend.
(1)
allow + + to + : - Father allowed me to drive his car during the weekend. buy / bought / bought: - He went to the market to buy some things. cost / cost / cost: - How much does it cost you to send a text message? pay / paid / paid: - How much money do you have to pay when do you go to the cinema? - How much should football matches pay their top players? spend / spent / spent: - What would you spend your money on if you went to Hong Kong? pick up: - It's father's turn to pick up the children after school.
Choose the correct answer: 1I listen (at-with-on-to) the radio for news, music and educational programmes. 2The trip will (cost-pay-spend-but) him $ 1000. 3It is Marconi who (found-invented-discovered-explored) the radio. 4The radio is a very important (invention-discoveryexploration-founding). 5People on ships and planes can communicate (on-with-byin) radio. 6She (pays-buys-costs-spends) a lot of money on clothes. 7The radio lets us (making-makes-to make-make) pictures in our own minds. 8Television gives us pictures (as well-well as-as well as-well) sound. 9How much did you (buy-pay-spend-cost) for the tickets? 10- We can now (communicate-contact-touch-connect) with people on the other side of the world. 11Do you think Dad will allow you (go-to go-going-went) to Jamie's party? 12- (In-On-With-At) my opinion, he is a big liar. 13- The police (arranged-arrested-sent-stayed) him for drinking and driving. 14- The caf owner (survived-served-dealt-provided) the customers. 15Hong Kong is in the North China Sea near to the south east (shore-beach-coast-lake) of China.
Hong Kong is an important financial and (trade-tradestrader-tradesman) centre.

16-
Tapescript
Nadia: Azza, who invented the telephone? Azza : I think it was Marconi. Nadia: I don't think that's right. Wasn't it John Logie Baird? Azza : Oh, yes, Nadia, you're right. Marconi invented the radio. Nadia: Which do you think is the most important invention? Azza : Oh, radio, definitely. Nadia: Do you really think so? Azza : Yes, I do. If we have a radio, we can listen to all sorts of things in our homes: the news, music, educational programmes and, of course, a kind of radio is used for communication by people on ships and on aeroplanes. Nadia :In my opinion, television is more important. Radio only gives us sound. With television, we get pictures as well. When we watch the news on television, we can see what's happening. That makes television much more important. Azza : I don't really agree. It's true that television gives us pictures as well as sound, but I think that makes things too easy. If we watch a programme on television, we see what the programmemaker wants us to see, but when we listen to the radio, we can make our own pictures in our minds. Radio gives us that choice. Nadia :That's a good point! I hadn't thought of that. Perhaps radio is more important.
Reading
Hong Kong a wonder of the modern world
Hong Kong is in the South China Sea near to the south east coast of China. It consists of Hong Kong Island, Kowloon, the New Territories and 260 other small islands. In the past, only fishermen and farmers lived and worked in Hong Kong, but today it is a busy port and an important financial and trade centre. Many of China's exports to other countries pass through Hong Kong. It is also well known as a shopping centre and for its markets. It has a population of 6.9 million people in a land area of 1098 sq km. This means that people live very close to each other. There are
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6300 people in every square kilometer. Despite this, Hong Kong is a good environment to live in it has quiet parks, beaches and mountains to climb. Ninety-eight per cent of the people of Hong Kong are Chinese; the others are Europeans, Americans and Japanese. From 1842 to 1997, Hong Kong was British, but in 1997 it became part of China. The two most important languages are Chinese and English. It has its own television, radio programmes and newspapers, and its own money, the Hong Kong dollar. To many people, Hong Kong is a wonderful of the modern world because it is such a successful financial and trade centre. it.
Grammar Review
Articles
The Indefinite Articles
.( )u a ? a book a house a stamp a uniform a university h a-e-I-o-u)) an ? . an apple an egg an idea an orange an umbrella a/an ? . - I have a house and a garden. - He's a doctor. - He's an engineer. - We've got a car.
The Definite Article

: the ? .9- - I have a house and a garden. The house is small, but the garden is huge. . 01- the sun the moon the sky the sea the land the world the Pyramids the sphinx the Cairo Tower the High Dam . 11- the telephone - the television - the radio - the internet - the plane - The plane has made travel very fast. . 21-
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- The tiger is a member of the cat family. : (31- ) - The more you practise, the better you get. - The computer is the most important modern invention .41- The Red Sea The Mediterranean Sea The Nile The Amazon The Atlantic ocean - The Sahara The Himalayas - The Suez Canal : the ? 1- . women men - beans - scientists - trees 2- milk oil - beauty - happiness - English Chemistry wood
Relative Pronouns
1- who / that :
- John Logie Baird invented the television. John Logie Baird was Scottish. (who) John Logie Baird, who was Scottish, invented the television. John Logie Baird, who invented the television, was Scottish.
2- Whom / that:
- This is Ali. I met him yesterday. (whom) This is Ali whom I met yesterday.
3- which / that:
- I listened to a radio programme last night. It was about space travel. (which) I listened to a radio programme which was about space travel last night. The radio programme which I listened to last night was about space travel.
4- whose:
my/his/her/its/our/your/their s - This is Tom. You met his sister last week. (whose) This is Tom whose sister you met last week.
5- where:
- He studied in Germany. He got his Ph.D. from Germany. (where) He studied in Germany where he got his Ph.D.
6- when: - June is the month. I go on holiday in this month. (when) June is the month when I go on holiday.
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Modals of possibility
Present must / cant + inf. may / might + inf.
Certain Uncertain
Past must / cant + have + pp may / might + have + pp
1- Im sure that he is at home. (must) 23456-
He must be at home. Im sure he isnt at home. (cant) He cant be at home Im sure he was ill. (must) He must have been ill. Im sure he didnt rob the bank. (cant) He cant have robbed the bank. Perhaps he will buy a car. (may) He may buy a car. Im not sure that he bought a car. (might) He might have bought a car.
Choose the correct answer: 1John Logie Baird invented (a-an-the-any) television in 1935. 2In Britain, most families did not have (a-an-the-some) television until the 1960s. 3A: Can I watch (a-an-the-any) film on TV tonight? B: OK. What's (an-an-the-any) film called? 4A: Would you like to be (a-an-the-any) astronaut and travel in space? B: No, but I'd like to have been (a-an-the-any) first man to walk on the moon. 5I don't like people (who-whom-whose-which) lose their temper easily.
6The car (who-whose-when-which) I hired broke down after five kilometers. 7Finland (who-when-where-which) he spends his holidays has lots of lakes. 8The girl with (whom-that-who-whose) he fell in love left him after a few weeks. 9I don't understand how the accident happened. The driver (can't have seen-might have seen-may see-must see) the red light.
(7) 10- He has three houses, six cars and a yacht and a helicopter. He (may be-might be-must be-can't be) very rich.
Test (units 13, 14, 15) A-Language Functions

1- Finish the following dialogue: Nadia: ? Azza : Around the world in Eighty days? It was by Jules Verne, wasn't it? Nadia: ? Azza : In 1872, I think. Nadia: .? Azza : A man who tries to travel round the world to win some money. .. . Nadia: I will! I'm going to start reading it this weekend. 2- Write what you would say in each of the following situations: 1A friend says she thinks mobile phones are the most important invention of the twentieth century. You have a different opinion. You think it is the TV. 2Someone asks you what makes someone good at writing novels. 3Someone asks you what job you want to do when you are older. 4You have a phobia of spiders. A friend asks you when it began.
(8)
B-Vocabulary and structure

3- Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d: 1If you have a radio, you can listen .. all kinds of programmes. a) at b) to c) in d) on 2The Old Man and the Sea, . was written by Jules Verne is about an old fisherman. a) who b) whose c) where d) which 3This is the bedroom I sleep, use my computer and do my homework. a) where b) which c) when d) there 4When he looks down from a high building, he feels . a) dizzy b) irrational c) virtual d) luxury 5I'm sorry to hear you're ill. I hope you get it soon. a) better b) over c) on d) off 6If we .. the bus at 2.30, we can get the next one at 3 o'clock. a) catch b) leave c) miss d) lose 7You have to .. more if you fly business class. a) pay b) cost c) buy d) price 8You shouldn't look at sun. You may hurt your eyes. a) a b) an c) the d) any 9Mount Everest is the mountain in the world. a) high b) highest c) higher d) most high 10- When she was young, she had a of the dark. a) session b) panic c) frightened d) fear 4- Rewrite the following sentences using the words in brackets, to give the same meaning: 1I borrowed a CD from my friend last week. (lent) 2Unfortunately, we missed our bus because we were late. (catch) 3Tarek's really hungry. He probably didn't have enough breakfast. (can't) 4How much did you pay for your phone? (cost) 5- Read the text below, then write the word which best fits each space: It was not a good week for Charlie. On Monday, he caught (1) .. . It must have started after he left school in the (2)
. When he arrived (3) .., he was very wet and cold. On Tuesday, he (4) .. up with a headache, but went to school because he had an important maths (5) . Unfortunately, Charlie did not pass. On Wednesday, he forgot to (6) his homework to the teacher.
(9)
C-Reading comprehension and Set Book

6-Read the following passage, then answer the questions: Dear Hany, We arrived in Nairobi yesterday and we've already seen lots of animals. We even saw a zebra by the side of the road as we drove from the airport! This morning, we left Nairobi and drove to Masai Mara Park. We are staying at the edge of the park near a river. It's a very beautiful place with lots of trees and flowers. It's dark now and I can hear lions and other animals outside. It's really exciting. I'm looking forward to driving through the park tomorrow to see all the animals. We are going to drive to the Mara River. At this time of year, it is very hot here and the grass is dry. You can see zebras swim across the river and go south where the grass is greener. There are a lot of lions in the park, so I expect we will see some tomorrow. And I hope we'll see crocodiles when we're at the river. We are staying here for three nights, and then we're going to Mont Kenya. I'll be back home next week. Best wishes, Munir A) Answer these questions: 1-Where was Munir surprised to see an animal? 2-Do you think Munir is enjoying his holiday? Why? 3-How long is Munir staying in the Masai Mara Park? 4-What is the weather like at this time of the year? B- Choose the correct answer: 5- How did Munir get to Nairobi? a) He went by train. b) He flew there. c) He went in a car. d) He sailed there. 6- Why do zebras swim across the river? a) Because the water is cool and it feels nice b) Because it is too hot in the park at this time of year. c) Because they are escaping from lions. d) Because they are looking for better food.
7- Why does Munir expect to see lions tomorrow? a) Because there are many of them in the park. b) Because he is going to Mont Kenya. c) Because he will be near the river. d) Because they are very noisy. 7- Answer only four (4) of the following questions: 1Name two wonders of the ancient world? 2How much will Fogg win if he succeeds?
(10) 3How is a phobia different from a fear? 4What do you think makes space travel a wonder of the modern world? 5Why do you think Fogg's friend does not believe that Fogg can finish the journey in 80 days? 6Why do you think it takes a few sessions for patients to realize they do not need to be afraid?
D-The Novel
8- A) Answer the following questions :( Quick Thinking) 1-Why was Van going to New York? 2-Why did he employ Benting? 3-How did Van meet his end? 4-What quick decision did Benting take when he saw the box of diamonds disappear into the sea? B- Read the following quotation, then answer the questions: "But I must admit that I have rarely had to make any sudden decision myself" 1-Who said this to whom? 2-Why did the speaker rarely make sudden decision? 3-What about the others' decisions? 9Write a paragraph of seven (7) sentences about: "Something you were afraid of when you were a child"
10- A) Translate into Arabic: 1- Naguib Mahfouz is one of the most famous writers in the world. 2- Overpopulation is one of the most serious problems in our country. 3- He is the best footballer I have ever met. 4- The countryside is the least polluted area in Egypt. B) Translate into English:
. . . .
-1 -2 -3 -4
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Vocabulary
definition globalization global global village globally globe multinational company satellite form international communication toys quality member satellite navigation electronic exactly route avoid traffic jam forecast = predict weather weather forecast accurately accurate forest fires floods
up-to-date = modern = new increase
join
organization standard TV channels education educational programnmes chess incredible boring The United Nations temple favourite / packet opinion suggestion device orbit = go round common / transmit = send out navigation radio signals
equipment warn warnings predictions introduction check location mirror main include map-making dangers entertainment consult specialist instruct colleague ) operation broadcast link reduce
/ / /
/ )
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current events relax lazy
bring introduce decide
Language Study
poor quality: - A lot of cheap toys are of very poor quality. They break easily. good quality: - Our school gives us good quality education. All the teachers work very hard. from all over the world: - We can watch international football matches from all over the world. interested in: - I'm not interested in football. on the internet: - You can play games on the internet. good at + v. + ing / : - I'm not very good at (playing) chess. good for: - Too much sugar in your diet is not good for you. belong to: - They belong to the same chess club. agree about: - Ali and Hani agree about television programmes. beat: ) ) - Ali could beat Hani at chess. win: ) / ) - Maha won her chess match against Soha. go over: revise / - Let's go over what we're doing tomorrow. go swimming:
- We're going swimming before breakfast. plan for: - Photographs from space help farmers to plan for the future. (2) cut trees down: - They are not going to cut those trees down. move into: - We've just moved into a new flat. short for: - Sat-nav is short for satellite navigation. warn about / of: - Satellites have made it easier to warn people about / of floods. in the years to come: - It is certain that the uses of satellites will increase in the years to come. see: - I've lost my bag. Have you seen it anywhere? - I saw a road accident on the way to school. Nobody was hurt. watch: - Have you ever watched a programme on satellite TV? - I enjoy watching international tennis matches. look at: - When Ali looked at himself in the mirror, he realized he had paint on his face. take part in: - She doesn't usually take part in any of the class activities. concentrate on: - I can't concentrate on my work with all that noise. know how to + : - She doesn't know how to make a cake. agree with: - I don't agree with you on this issue. on the way to: - I saw a terrible accident on the way to work. think of: - I'm thinking of travelling abroad next month.
play against: - You can play chess against people all over the world on the internet.
Tapescript
Conversation one:
Amr : What do you think of all these new TV channels we've got, Mona? Mona: I 'm not sure. I don't really think we need them. Amr : Why not? Some of them are OK, aren't they? Mona: Some, but not many. Just because we've got more channels doesn't mean the programmes are any better, does it? I went to the USA last year where they have hundreds of channels and lots of them are very poor quality. Amr : But there are special channels for education and sport. Mona: The educational programmes are good, but there were enough sports programmes already. Amr : But now we can watch international football matches from all over the world. Mona: But Amr, I'm not interested in football, am I? Amr : No. We're not going to agree, are we? Mona: No, I don't think so.
(3)
Conversation two:
Taha : You've played games on the internet, haven't you? Kamal: Yes, of course. Lots of people play computer games on the internet, don't they? Taha : But I mean a game like chess. Kamal: Oh, no, I don't really like chess - because I'm not very good at it. Taha : Well I've joined an internet chess club which has three million members. You can play chess against people all over the world. At the weekend I beat someone from Russia! Kamal: Really-that's incredible! You play against Someone you don't know? Taha : Yes, it's fun. You should try it.

Who needs satellites?
1) Introduction
Satellites are devices which orbit the earth. Their most common uses are communication - to transmit television pictures and telephone calls - and navigation. Many satellites orbit the earth every 24 hours, so they are always over the same place. There are thousands of satellites orbiting the earth. Some are 36,000 kilometres above the earth.
2) Communication:
(4)
Using satellites to transmit television pictures means that people all over the world can watch programmes from other countries. Satellites can transmit hundreds of channels of high quality. Although most mobile phones today use radio signals, there are now satellite phones which can be used in places with no radio signals. Sat-nav, which is short for satellite navigation, is an electronic device which can help car drivers and pilots to know exactly where they are. If you have sat-nav in your car, it can tell you your best route and help you to avoid traffic jams.
3) Checking your location:
4) Predictions and warnings:
Satellites have made it easier to forecast the weather accurately, and to warn people about forest fires or floods. Photographs from high in space can also help produce up-to-date maps. In poor parts of the world, photographs from space can help farmers to plan for the future. There are already many different uses for satellites. It is certain their use will increase in the years to come.
5) Looking into the future:
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Choose the correct answer: 1The U.S.A. has hundreds of channels and lots of them are very poor (quality-adjective-quantity-qualified). 2We can watch international football matches from all (above-under-through-over) the world. 3This place is not a suitable (destination-station-locationstop) for a supermarket. 4I'm not interested (on-in-at-about) football. 5Lots of people play computer games (in-at-on-over) the internet. 6I don't really like chess - because I'm not very good (at-forin-on) it. 7Maha joined an internet chess club which has three million (members-sections-numbers-parts).
Satellites are devices which (move-go-orbit-turn) the earth. 9A lot of food companies are (multinational-multimediamultiple-multiply). They have branches all over the world. 10Satellites can (transport-transfer-transmit-transplant) hundreds of channels of high quality. 11Satellite phones can be used in places with no radio (signssignals-reference-posts). 12Sat-nav can help you to avoid traffic (jams-jumps-rushesgames). 13- Satellites have made it easier to (say-forecast-protect-prevent) the weather accurately. 14- Satellites warn people (on-for-at-about) forest fires or floods. 15- If people spend their time (looking-seeing-watching-noticing) television, I believe this is not good. 16- Radio and TV are vital means of (communication-transportationcommunion-transplantation). 17- We already use (planes-satellites-rockets-comets) in space for communications. 18- Good (quantity-qualitative-quality-qualify) shoes last longer. 19- I was thinking (of-in-on-at) all the happy times we'd spent together. 20- The company is concentrating (upon-about-with-on) developing new products. 21- A lot of cheap toys are of very poor quality. This means that they are (very good-tired-not good-expensive). 22- Ali and Hani agree (at-to-over-about) television programmes. 23-Maha (beat-won-gained-got) her chess match against Soha. 24-I have gone (out-up-over-by) the problem several times, but I can't think of a solution. 25- We spent the day on the beach but it was too cold to (go-playspend-see) swimming. 26- Photographs from space help farmers to plan (to-about-with-for) the future. (7) 27- They are not going to cut those trees (out-down-over-off). 28- I've lost my bag. Have you (watched-looked-seen-looked at) it anywhere? 29- I (saw-watched-looked-looked at) a road accident on the way to school. Nobody was hurt. 30- Have you ever (seen-watched-looked-looked at) a programme on satellite TV? 31- I really enjoy (seeing-looking-looking at-watching) international tennis matches. 32- When Ali (looked at-looked-saw-watched) himself in the mirror, he realized he had paint on his face.
8-
33- She doesn't usually take (a part-part-place-space) in any of the
class activities. 34- She doesn't know (what-who-which-how) to make a cake. 35- You can play chess (by-from-against-of) people all over the world on the internet. 36-Who's that man? He's been (looking at-seeing-noticing-looking) me all morning). 37-There's something wrong with my car. Could you (look-look atwatch-see) it, please? 38-I can't find my glasses, which means I can't (watch-see-look atlooks) very well. 39-We (saw-looked-looked at-watched the match from beginning to end. It was really exciting. 40-Have you (seen-watched-looked-saw) Ali's new bicycle? It's bright red. 41-Did you (watch-look at-look-observe) the late film on TV last night?
Language Focus
Question tag
."" . . do / does / did . : 1- ) ( - It's hot today, isn't it? (You know it is hot today) 2- ) ( - She isn't your sister, is she? (You are not sure, so you want an answer)
Examples: 1- You're from Cairo, aren't you? 2- He isn't from Turkey, is he? 3- You woke up early, didn't you? 4- We aren't going to agree, are we? 5- Its hot today, isnt it? 6- Magi speaks English well, doesnt she? 7- Dalia has typed the letters, hasnt she? 8- Tom wont be late, will he? 9- Its stopped raining, hasnt it?
(8)
10- I shall visit you, shant I? 11- Martina doesnt speak Latin, does she?
: few / little / never / seldom / hardly / rarely / no longer / 1- . neither - I will never speak to her again, will I? - They rarely visit Japan, do they? someone/somebody/everyone/everybody/no they 2- one/ nobody - Nobody believes a liar, do they? - Everyone has come to the party, havent they? . something / nothing / everything it 3- - Everything is ready, isnt it? .4- 1-Lets go to the club, shall we? 2-Let us stay here, will (wont) you? 3-I am a dentist, arent I? 4-Open the door, will (can/could/would/wont) you? 5-Dont stay up late, will you? 6-You must take the medicine, neednt you? 7- This / That is fantastic, isnt it? .5- - Id rather have tea, wouldnt I? - Youd better stay in bed, hadnt you? .6- - I believe its going to rain, isnt it? 7- . - Ill help you if you ask, wont I? :8- d better = had better d rather = would rather d like = would like d prefer = would prefer Its + adj. / noun / v.+ ing = It is Its + p.p. = It has shant = shall not wont = will not
(9)
Choose the correct answer: 1-She wouldn't mind if I didn't go, (did she-wouldn't she-hadn't shewould she)? 2- Salwa is not at school today, (isn't she-is she-does she-doesn't she)? 3-They should have arrived on time, (should they-shouldnt they-do they-dont they)? 4-The soup tasted delicious, (isnt-wasnt-doesnt-didnt) it? 5-Im really late, (am-dont-have-arent) I? 6-They were late this morning, (didnt they-did they-were theywerent they)?
7-You dont know where my Workbook is, (do-dont-didnt-are) you? 8-Theres an exam tomorrow, (is there-isnt there-has there-hasnt there)? 9-We havent seen that movie, (have we-havent we-dont we-didnt we)? 10-He cant remember her phone number, (cant-wont-couldntcan) he? 11- The boy came late to class, (wasn't-didn't-isn't-doesn't) he? 12-Don't come late again, (will you-do you-won't you-do I)? 13-I don't think he will do it, (won't-will-do-don't) he? 14-He'd hardly do it without permission, (would-wouldn't-had-hadn't) he? 15-Let's go to the club, (will we-shall we-can we-shan't we)? 16-You get up late every morning, (do you-do I-don't you-don't I)? 17-He's gone to London, (has he-hasn't he-isn't he-doesn't he)? 18-Samy will come to the party, (will he-can he-doesn't he-won't he)? 19-He hadn't told me about her, (had he-hadn't he-did he-does he)? 20-We shall do it alone, (won't you-will you-shall we-shan't we)? 21-I'd rather stay at home, (wouldn't you-hadn't you-would I-had I)? 22-You'd better leave, (wouldn't you-hadn't you-would I-had I)?
(10)
Test
26- Finish the following dialogue between Alaa and Walid:
Alaa met his old friend Walid in the street. Alaa : Are you still working for the bank in Assiut? Walid: No, Im afraid . Alaa : Oh dear, Im sorry to hear that. ...? Walid: I have been out of work for 8 months.
Alaa : . ? Walid: Im trying to find a new job in another bank. Alaa: I think it isnt easy to find a job, ? Walid: No, it isnt easy. If I dont, I may start my own business.
27- Write what you would say in each of the following situations: 13Your friend asks you about your opinion of satellite television. 14You suggest going swimming. 15You ask you if you are for or against satellite television. 16Your friend thinks that satellite navigation in cars makes people lazy. You disagree.

28- Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d: 51I've lost my tennis shoes. Have you .. them? a) watched b) seen c) looked at d) saw 52When I was on holiday, I .. swimming every day. a) spent b) made c) went d) had 53If something is of poor quality, then it is . a) very good b) tired c) not good d) expensive 54Satellites are devices which the earth. a) travel b) walk c) forecast d) orbit 55Farmers can in advance that they will have a good harvest. a) predict b) produce c) protect d) prevent 56You haven't finished your homework yet, ..? a) did you b) have you c) have you d) do you 57Father is going to the village now, .. ? a) isn't he b) aren't they c) is he d) will he 58He could hardly solve the problem, ..? a) couldn't he b) could he c) can he d) can't he 59I'm a doctor, ? a) am I b) don't I c) didn't I d) aren't I 60I think it's going to rain, ? a) don't I b) isn't it c) do it d) won't it (11) 29- Read the text below, then write the word which best fits each space: Satellites are devices which orbit the earth. Their most common (1) .. are communication - to transmit television (2) and telephone calls - and navigation. Using satellites to (3) television pictures means that people (4) over the world can watch programmes from (5) countries. Although most mobile phones today use radio signals, there are now
satellite phones which can be used in places with no (6) signals

30- Read the following passage , then answer the questions: The celebration of Earth Day began in the city of San Francisco and was started by their mayor at the request of John McConnell. The first Earth Day celebration was held on March 21, 1970, which was the first day of spring. Earth Day is important because it reminds us to stop and look at the problems of our environment. We need to make plans to recycle materials that are recyclable and to clean up our rivers, streams, lakes, and oceans. Pollution is causing danger to the air we breathe, our soil, and our water sources. Industries, automobiles, and others are releasing dangerous smoke in to our atmosphere and the air we breathe. This release can cause health problems to people living on Earth. Each of us must do our part to recycle and reuse products instead of throwing them away. The trash we deliver to our landfills each week is taking up valuable land and space we need for homes and farms. Earth Day is now celebrated each year on April 22 nd. Schools around the world take part in making sure that our world is a cleaner place. Students volunteer to pick up trash at their schools, homes, and neighborhoods to do their part in helping our environment. A) Answer the following questions: 1-Where did Earth Day begin? 2-Who requested this celebration of our Earth? 3-What is the importance of Earth Day? 4-What can we do to help keep trash out of our landfills?
(12) B) Choose the correct answer: The smoke released in to the air we breathe by -5
..automobiles and industry is a) healthy to breathe b) unhealthy to breathe c) helpful to plants d) helpful to animals 6- What does Earth Day help us to do? a) think of ways to recycle materials b) pick up trash c) clean up our water sources d) all of these 7- What can students do to help celebrate Earth Day?
a) have a party for the Earth c) pick up trash in their community
b) sing songs d) none of these
7- Answer Only Four (4) of the following questions: 7What are satellites? 8Name two uses of satellites? 9What can satellites see that might help farmers? 10- How do you think satellites can help farmers to plan for the future? 11- Why do you think some people want to watch TV programmes from other countries? 12- How do you think satellites' use will increase in the future in health?
D) The Novel
A) Answer the following questions: 1- What was Benting doing while Van Lutjens was looking with joy at his diamond? 2- What happened to Van Lutjens when the ship gave a sudden and violent roll? 3- Show that Van Lutjens admired his two diamonds so much. 4- Why was Mr Benting worried when Van Lutjens took the diamonds out of the safe? B) Read the following quotation, then answer the questions: "Yes, he actually called this lifeless stones his children" 1- Who was the speaker talking about? 2- How did he get the stones? 3- Why did he call them his children?
E) Writing
9- Write a paragraph of seven (7) sentences about: "Advantages and disadvantages of satellites"
F) Translation
10- A) Translate into Arabic: 3The widespread use of computers in schools, houses and government departments will have its great effect on the progress of Egypt. 4The computer is a fairly new invention, but it has already become very important in the modern world, especially in government offices, science, banks and education.
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:B)Translate into English .
)41(
herlock Holmes Vocabulary

inherit hunt
character crime
illegal action punish decorate paint detective landlady landlord rent
harm = damage attack investigate legend brave
/ /
/ /
adventure physical
mental advise scene ) ) advice solve member problem enormous museum wild dog real criminal fictional frightened protect bite / bit / bitten government unexpected fans shoot / shot / shot study gun pipe ) )emotions Victorian surprised unfortunately worried model bored
description steal / stole / stolen kill mystery physical injury police officer terrified expression garage interview repair = fix immediately = at once hound basic health care difference hungry thirsty
boring interested terrified footprints fingerprints train feed / fed / fed realise ordinary drown escape need
/ /
(1) puzzle flatmates goldfish

bowl clue
) )
Language Study
base on: ....... - Charles Dickens based his character on people he knew. pay . for: ......
- He pays his landlady for his flat every month. by law: - A crime is an illegal action that can be punished by law. responsible for: - Paul is responsible for the efficient running of the office. solve: find an answer to: ) ) / - The police are still no nearer to solving the crime. break into: - They broke into the bank yesterday. go up: - The old man can't go up to the third floor. at + : + - He lives at 14 Manyal Street. have a visit from: - We had a visit from the school inspector last week. worried about: - She is worried about losing her job. ask for: - He asked for his teacher's advice about the best study plan. believe in: - Some people strongly believe in magic. laugh at: - If you say that, people will laugh at you. (2)
Tapescript
Sherlock Holmes
Sherlock Holmes and his friend Dr Watson lived at 221 Baker Street between 1881 and 1894. This building is now the Sherlock Holmes Museum. Sherlock Holmes wasn't a real person. He was a fictional detective who was invented by the writer, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. However, to many people he is very real. Some people believe that the character was based on a doctor who once taught the writer.
The house itself, which is protected by the government, was built in 1815. It has been visited by millions of Sherlock Holmes's fans from all over the world. On the first floor, you can see the famous study where many crimes were discussed and solved by the detective and his doctor friend. You can also see his hat, pipe and chair. on the second floor you can see Dr Watsons bedroom at the back and Mrs Hudson's room at the front. Mrs Hudson was Holmes and Watsons landlady. On the third floor you can see models of famous scenes from Sherlock Holmes's stories.

The Hound of the Baskervilles
Sherlock Holmes and Watson have a visit from a man called Dr Mortimer. He wants Holmes's advice before he goes to see his friend Sir Henry Baskerville. Sir Henry is the last member of the Baskerville family and is going to inherit the family home, Baskerville Hall, in the west of England. Mortimer is worried about Henry and tells Holmes and Watson an old legend about a wild dog. It is called the Hound of the Baskervilles and it killed Sir Hugo Baskerville hundreds of years earlier. It has also killed other members of the Baskerville family since then. The legend says that this dog will kill anyone called Baskerville. At first, the detective laughs at the story, but then Dr Mortimer tells him about Henry's uncle, Sir Charles Baskerville, who has just been found dead in his garden. He had no physical injuries, but he had died with a terrified expression on his face. Also near his body there were the footprints of an enormous dog. Suddenly, Holmes is very interested and goes to Baskerville Hall to investigate. (3) Holmes and Watson solve the crime. They discover that the criminal is called Stapleton, a cousin of the Baskervilles who wants to inherit the family home. He knows the legend of the hound, and trains a black dog to kill the first person it sees. He doesn't feed the dog because he wants to make it very hungry. However, when he sends it to kill Sir Henry Baskerville, Holmes and Watson are waiting. When they shoot the dog, everyone realises that the hound is just an ordinary dog. Stapleton drowns as he is trying to escape.
Arthur Conan Doyle

In 1859, Arthur Ignatius Conan Doyle was born in Edinburgh. In 1876, he went to Edinburgh University to train to become a doctor. In 1881, he left university and worked as a doctor in South Africa and other countries. In 1885, he married Louisa Hawkins. They had two children. In 1887, he wrote his first story about Sherlock Holmes: A Study in Scarlet. In 1930, he died at the age of 71.
Choose the correct answer: 1Charles Dickens based his characters (in-on-at-from) people he knew. 2It's a (scene-crime-fiction-game) to take things from other people. 3The last (scene-room-place-sight) in the film shows a man running into the desert. 4(A detective-A doctor-An author-An architect) is a police officer whose job is to discover the person who is responsible for a crime. 5My brother is pays his (tenant-broker-landlady-land) for his flat every month. 6A detective's job is to (answer-reply-write-solve) crimes. 7A (fox-pig-cow-hound) is a dog used for hunting. 8He (indebted-inherited-awarded-left) a good fortune from his father. 9A (legend-story-novel-play) is an old story about brave people and their adventures. 10I want to (arrange-decorate-show-depend) my room, but I can't decide what colour to choose. 11- He died with a (terrifying-terror-terrors-terrified) expression on his face. 12- Sherlock Holmes and Dr Watson lived (at-in-on-with) 221 Baker Street. 13- It's a crime to (rob-give-steal-offer) things from shops or people. 14- The old man can't go (off-out-over-up) to the fifth floor. 15- We laughed (with-about-on-at) his silly jokes. 16- The police are (investigating-testing-learning-killing) a number of people about the murder. 17We (gave-took-bought-had) a visit from the school inspector last week. 18- Some people believe (by-in-with-about) ghosts. 19- Everyone was (angry-frightened-surprised-terrified) that he passed his exams.
20- The death of Yaser Arafaat is still a (scene-mystery-houndlaw). 21- The robbers have broken (into-out-through-down) the bank twice this week. 22- Millions of Sherlock Holmes's (vans-fans-cans-pans) have visited the museum. 23- I've just (realized-relaxed-known-reached) that I forgot my money at home.
(6)
Language Focus
The passive

. -My car was stolen last night. ( I dont know who stole it) . -This hotel was built in 1997. -Nabil has been invited to a birthday party. () . -A mistake was made. : -1Present Simple + am / is / are + pp + by + 1-People Speak Arabic in Egypt. - Arabic is spoken in Egypt. 2- Ali types letters every Saturday. - Letters are typed by Ali every Saturday. Past Simple -2 + was / were + pp + by + 1-Ali invited me to a party. - I was invited to a party. 2-They cancelled all flights because of fog. - All flights were cancelled because of fog. -3 + am / is / are + being + pp + by + 1-The mechanic is repairing my car. - My car is being repaired by the mechanic. 2-The secretary is typing some letters. - Some letters are being typed by the secretary.
Present Continuous
-4Past Continuous + was / were + being + pp + by + 1-I thought someone was watching me. - I thought I was being watched. 2-Rania was washing the dishes. - The dishes were being washed by Rania.
Present Perfect
(7) -5 + has / have + been + pp + by + 1-I have paid the bill. - The bill has been paid. 2-Noha has washed the dishes. - The dishes have been washed by Noha.
-6 + had + been + pp + by + 1- Someone had cleaned my room. - My room had been cleaned. 2-I wondered why they followed me. - I wondered why I had been followed. -7 + will / shall +be + pp + by + - They will tell you your exam results next Monday. You will be told your exam results next Monday. -8 +be going to + be + pp + by + - Who are you going to invite to your birthday party? Who is going to be invited to your birthday party? -9 + + be + pp + by + 1-We may find more oil in the future. - More oil may be found in the future. 2-He should take the medicine three times a day. - The medicine should be taken three times a day. 3-Students must obey school rules. - School rules must be obeyed.
Past Perfect
Future Simple
be going to
+ will / would / shall should / can / could may / might / must has to / have to had
to / will have to ought to / used to needn't + have + pp
4-You can see the sea from our bedroom window. - The sea can be seen from our bedroom window. -10++ have+been+pp+by+ 1-The government will have built the road by May. - The road will have been built by May. 2-Someone must have opened the door. - The door must have been opened.
(8) : am not / is not / aren't + don't / doesn't .wasn't / weren't + p.p didn't . p.p - The police dont allow big cars into the city centre. (Big cars..) Big cars arent allowed into the city centre. - Mr David doesnt allow smoking in his office. (Smoking.) Smoking isnt allowed in Mr Davids office. - Tom didnt answer exam. (The exam.) The exam wasnt answered by Tom. . never ever Nobody / No one not - Nobody has ever beaten me at chess. (I.) I have never been beaten at ches . to / for - He gave me a nice camera. (I / A nice camera) I was given a nice camera. A nice camera was given to me. make/see/hear/watch . to - He saw them go out. (They.) They were seen to go out. . allowed to let - He let me go. (I.) I was allowed to go. ..( adv) - You must plan your work carefully. (Your work.) Your work must be carefully planned. .( to be + p.p) .( to + inf) . - I want you to tell me the truth. (be) I want to be told the truth.
.( being + p.p)( v.+ ing) . - I hate people telling me lies. (being) I hate being told lies. myself / himself /) .pp be / ( herself / yourself / yourselves / themselves / itself - He doesnt let others laugh at him. (be) He doesnt let himself be laughed at.
(9) : . by . v. to be v. to be . - English is spoken in many countries in Africa. (People) People speak English in many countries in Africa. - The metro is being extended. (Engineers) Engineers are extending the metro. - The house has been painted. (We) We have painted the house. - Some letters were typed. (The secretary) The secretary typed some letters.
-1 -2
-3
Choose the correct answer: 1-The homework (has been corrected-has been correcting-has corrected- corrected). 2-More electricity (will use-will be using-will be used-will have used) run the new factories. 3- Somebody (cleans-is cleaned-was cleaned-has been cleaned) the room every day. 4- Lunch (was served-was serving-had served-was being served) when we arrived. 5-My house (painted-was painted-was painting-were painted) last month. 6- Many accidents (caused-causes-are causing-are caused) by careless driving. 7-Don't let yourself (be laughed at-laughed at-laugh at-were laughed at). 8-I don't mind (helped-being helped-helping-having helped) by others. 9-When he returned home he found that his jewels (had stolen-were stealing-had been stolen-has been stolen. 10-Paper (invented-was invented-was invented-had invented) by the Chinese in the 2nd century.
11- A new school (is being built-is building-has built-will built) to relieve overcrowding. 12- The men (have been dug-were dug-are dug-have dug) a hole in the road.
Test
Tarek: Hi! Nader. What's that in your hand? Nader: Hi! Tarek. I have just bought this mobile phone. Have a look! Tarek: Great! But the screen is scratched. .? Nader: Oh! No. I haven't noticed that. What ..? Tarek: If I were you,. . Nader: really? Tarek: Yes, they must change it or . . Nader: OK, I'll go now. 32- Write what you would say in each of the following situations: 17A friend gives you a bunch of flowers. 18You want to borrow your friend's camera. 19You ask your friend if people still believe in legends. 20Your friend tells you that his car has been stolen.
31- Finish the following dialogue between Tarek and Nader:

33- Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d: 61The room is very dull. We should .. it. a) inherit b) orbit c) arrange d) decorate 62Sherlock Holmes is a famous fictional . a) crime b) detective c) author d) doctor 63The last .. in the book shows Catherine dying. a) scene b) film c) crime d) place 64Rosie . her red hair from her mother. a) inherited b) arranged c) realized d) gave 65A .. is a type of dog, used in hunting. a) Hound b) hour c) horse d) hotdog 66The Hound of the Baskervilles was .. by Canon Doyle.
(11)
a) wrote b) written c) writing d) write 67The Mona Lisa by Leonardo Da Vinci. a) painted b) paint c) painting d) was painting 68A letter by the secretary now. a) is being written b) is writing c) is written d) writes 69You from the airport tomorrow. a) will collect b) will be collected c) collected d) collect 70The museum has been visited .. millions of tourists. a) with b) of c) from d) by 34Rewrite the following sentences using the word(s) in brackets to give the same meaning: 1They built the museum two hundred years ago. (was built) 2The custom officials search our luggage carefully. (Our luggage..) 3Someone will show you the way to the Pyramids. (You.) 4The police are searching for the bank robbers. (The bank robbers.) 35- Read the text below, then write the word which best fits each space: Sherlock Holmes and Watson have a visit from a man called Dr Mortimer. He wants Holmes's (1).. before he goes to see his friend Sir Henry Baskerville. Sir Henry is the last (2).of the Baskerville family and is going to (3). the family home, Baskerville Hall. Mortimer is worried (4). Henry and tells Holmes and Watson an old legend about a wild dog. It is called the Hound of the Baskervilles and it killed Sir Hugo Baskerville hundreds of years earlier. It has also killed other members of the Baskerville (5). since then. The (6).says that this dog will kill anyone called Baskerville.

36- Read the following passage , then answer the questions: The first Thanksgiving celebration was held in 1621. The writings of the Pilgrims tell us that about 140 people attended the three-day celebration. Ninety of the people were Indian men and about 50 people were Pilgrims. Only four of the Pilgrims were women. The long terrible winter had been difficult for the Pilgrims
(12)
and many of the Pilgrims died because of illness and lack of shelter or homes. The Thanksgiving celebration was held after the Pilgrims had gathered their first crops or harvest. The feast was held outside because the Pilgrims did not have a building large enough to hold 140 people. The Pilgrims were thankful for the harvest and for the help of the Indian people in teaching them to grow crops in America. Without their help, the Pilgrims would have had little to eat. The menu for the first Thanksgiving included venison or deer meat, fowl, which included ducks, geese, and turkeys. Sea bass, cod fish, cornmeal, fruits and vegetables were also served. Games were played, singing and dancing were also part of the celebration. Praises were given to God for the harvest and for the Pilgrims that survived the harsh winter. Thanksgiving in America is celebrated on the fourth Thursday in November. Families prepare a meal similar to the meal prepared by the Pilgrims and Indians many years ago. It is a time for counting the many blessings we have received during the year and for spending time with family and friends. 1-When did the Pilgrims and Indians celebrate the first Thanksgiving? 2- When do the Americans celebrate Thanksgiving? 3-Why did so many Pilgrims die during their first year in America? 4-How many people attended the celebration of the first Thanksgiving? 5-Which of the following was on the menu at the first Thanksgiving? a) Vegetables b) cornmeal c) fruit d) all of these 6-Why was the first Thanksgiving held outside? a) The weather was nice b) The buildings were too small. c) They liked outside. d) None of these 7-Why was the first Thanksgiving held? to give thanks for their many blessings b) to have a party for the Indians c) to have a cooking contest d) to invite all their friend to see their new home (13) 7- Answer Only Four (4) of the following questions: 13- How did Sir Charles Baskerville die? 14- How did Stapleton's plan to kill Sir Henry Baskerville?
B) Choose the correct answer: A) Answer the following questions:
a)
15- What is the legend of the wild do in The Hound of the Baskervilles? 16- Why do you think Dr Mortimer chose to ask Sherlock Holmes for help? 17- Do you think Stapleton's plan was a good one? Why / Why not? 18Do you think Egyptians believe in legends? Name a legend that you have heard of.
D) The Novel
A) Answer the following questions: 1What kind of a story do you think "Quick Thinking" is? 2Why didn't Mckeown's work need any sudden decision? 3Where did Van Lutjens keep the diamonds? 4What did Van do when the ship gave a sudden violent roll? B) Read the following quotation, then answer the questions: When I got back, two men were just carrying him dead of heart failure. a) Who said these words? b) Who was the dead man? c) What was the cause of his death?
E) Writing
9- Write a paragraph of seven (7) sentences about: "A story that someone told you when you were a child"
F) Translation
10- A) Translate into Arabic: 5Adventure stories appeal to most young men and women. 6Tourists from all over the world come to Egypt to see its wonderful historic treasures and monuments. B)Translate into English: .
(14)
ference Vocabulary
advertisement advertise adventure dolphin Join diving dive Pharaohs Rally race the Sahara beginner abroad arrange fortnight conservation conserve society wildlife protect train training instructor instruct meal rare typical
weather conditions uncommon = unusual disabilities invitation invite / the Indian Ocean the Red Sea the Mediterranean tortoise / safe organise culture
protection beach excited organisation sailing relatives teenagers activity sound Global Challenge camel riding luck plan climate coast local community expedition experience tour dress the Middle East road accidents
comfort convenience rewarding volunteer overcome entertain entertainment outing prince princess environment environmental locally grown local oasis
midday temperature degrees
(1) learning difficulties extinct face

resist
injured friendly / environmentally serve food nature conservation
shelter project website reserve edge
/ /

go away belong to make plans for go diving in the Red Sea for + stay with work for in + / / different from go on holiday for part of the time work with last for take photos stay in a hotel have a great time live in give birth to on the edge of stay out of look after provide with catch a disease damage to close to /
Language Study
would prefer to + :
- I would prefer to have dinner outdoors. the same age as: as old as - Amany is the same age as Dalia. (as .. as) Amany is as old as Dalia. look forward to + v. + ing: - I look forward to travelling abroad this summer.
(2)
Tapescript
James is going away this summer. He's going to egypt with his family. They're going diving in the Red Sea for five days. They're staying with his aunt and uncle, who work for a delphin consevation society in Greece, for a fortnight. They've got two boys about the same age as James. He will be able to go out with them. He's really looking forward to seeing the dolphins in the wild. Helen is going on holiday with her older brother, David. She's going to india for a month with an organisation called Global Challenge, which arranges adventure holidays abroad. She is going to help old people or work with children.

Global Challenge Holidays
Global Challenge will give you an adventure holiday and you will give something to the community you join. Our expeditions last for a month. Our friendly instructors will train you before you leave and will help you all the time you are away. Global Challenge arranges expeditions to 30 countries. Here are two people's experiences: James Hammond, from Australia, is in India. This is what he says about his experience: Before I came, I thought life in a small village with no television and a strange language would be difficult. But it hasn't been difficult at all. We've helped in a home for children with disabilities. We've had invitations for meals with Indian families. Our instructor Michael has taken us for a day's sailing on the Indian Ocean. Olivia Owen, from London, is in Egypt. This is what she says: The Mediterranean coast of Egypt is beautiful and has a wonderful climate. I've spent a lot of time here helping a tortoise conservation
society. The Egyptian tortoise is one of the smallest and rarest tortoises in the world. Unfortunately, people are building on many of the places where the tortoises usually live, so we are finding new, safe homes for them to live in.
Unusual hotel for Prince Charles and Camilla

When the British queen's son, Prince Charles, and his wife Camilla came to Egypt in March 2006, they spent a night in an unusual hotel on the edge of the Sahara Desert. The Adrere Amellal Ecolodge is an environmentally friendly hotel that has no electricity. People who stay there are given locally-grown food. The day before, Prince Charles had visited the oasis town of Siwa close to Libya. With Siwa having a midday temperature of 35 degrees, he did everything he could to keep cool, wearing a hat and staying out of the sun. Camilla spent time talking to a group of local women and then looked round the market. Prince Charles and Camilla were in Egypt as part of a tour of the Middle East. On their visit, they also went to an animal hospital in Cairo, which looks after horses injured in road accidents, and they visited Al-Azhar University, one of the oldest universities in the world.
Choose the correct answer: 1I went (aboard-board-beard-abroad) for the first time last year. I went to Turkey. 2My parents are trying to (arrange-decorate-fix-repair) our next summer holiday. 3We usually go away (since-in-for-ago) a fortnight in the summer. 4I belong to a (conversation-conservation-conversioncontrast) society that helps protect Egyptian wildlife. 5I'm looking forward to (see-saw-seen-seeing) the dolphins in the wild. 6James is going to go (dive-diving-dives-dived) this summer. 7They are going diving (in-on-at-by) the Red Sea for five days. 8An (engineer-instructor-architect-artist) is someone who teaches a particular subject or sport. 9He is staying (at-with-in-of) his aunt and uncle in Alexandria. 10- How about going sailing in the Indian (Lake-River-OceanCanal). 11- It is better to live in a (dangerous-safe-dirty-untidy) place. 12- Global Challenge is an (organisation-charity-societycommunity) which arranges expeditions to different countries.
13- My uncle lives (at-with-in-of) Greece. 14- I belong to a conservation society that helps (preventpretend-protect-predict) wildlife. 15- He stayed in London for a fortnight. A fortnight means (onetwo-three-four) weeks. 16- Helen is going (on-at-in-from) holiday soon. 17- He does a lot of (volunteer-careless-restless-vocal) work in the local community. 18- They have helped in a home for children with (abilitiesdisabilities-powers-proofs) 19- She is going to London (at-since-ago-for) a month. 20- Some hotels serve (local-locally-location-locality) grown food. 21- When I was in America, I had (inventions-invitationsinversions-dresses) for meals with American families. 22- She is going to do something useful (in-at-for-with) part of the time. 23- A (dog-cat-duck-dolphin) is a clever friendly animal that lives in the sea. 24- The Mediterranean (coast-canal-lake-river) of Egypt has a wonderful climate. 25- Helen is going to work (at-with-on-up) old people or children. 26- The new play (took-moved-lasted-began) for three hours. 27- Diamond and gold are very expensive because they are (available-rare-hard-rigid). 28- They will see each other again (in-on-ago-from) September. 29- I went on an (adventure-experience-terrified-frightened) holiday last year. It was very fantastic.
(6) 30My brother works (on-for-up-out) a big travel agency. 31My aunt and uncle have got two boys about the same (ageold-tall-high) as me. 32- A (tortoise-giraffe-hound-lion) is a very slow animal which can live for many years. 33- We went on (a tour-an expedition-a voyage-a flight) into the Amazon rainforest. 34- I'd prefer (have-having-had-to have) some coffee. 35- I'm having a lesson with my sports (member-teachinglesson-instructor) this afternoon.
Language Focus

Question
Direct say / say to says / says to said / said to
direct indirect : 1-
Indirect
ask asks asked
I wonder I dont know Id like to know Could you tell me 2- : - if / whether . - . 3- . 4- . do / does / did : Direct Present simple Present continuous Present perfect Past simple Indirect
Past simple Past continuous Past perfect Past perfect Past continuous Past perfect cont Past perfect cont Present perfect cont )7( :
Direct
will shall may
Indirect would should might
Direct
can won't can't
Indirect could wouldn't couldn't
Direct
Indirect
this here ago tonight next year last year
that there before that night
Direct these now today tomorrow
Indirect
the following yesterda year y the year after the year before the previous year
those then that day the next (following) day the day before the previous day
Examples: 1He said to me, "Will you come soon?" (He asked me.) .He asked me if I would come soon 2She said to me, "Do you want anything to drink?" (She asked.) She asked me if I wanted anything to drink. 3He said to her, "Do you need any help?" (He asked her.) He asked her whether she needed any help. 4The policeman said to him, "Where do you live?" (The policeman asked) The policeman asked him where he lived. 5She said to me, "What's your name?" (She asked me.) She asked me what my name was. 6"Where do you live?" (I wonder) I wonder where you live. 7He said to me, "Why did you leave your last job?" (He asked) He asked me why I had left my last job.
Choose the correct answer: 1He asked me if I (go-would go-went-had gone) to the club the night before. 2I wondered why my father (drive-was driving-is drivingdrives) so fast. 3She asked if I (want-will want-wanted-have wanted) to help her. 4He wanted to know when I (would travel-will travel-have travelled-travelling) to America. 5He asked me what I was doing (now-then-than-here). 6I (said-told-ordered-asked) him why he looked unhappy.
7The manager wondered when (had I begun-I begin-did I begin-I had begun) working as a secretary. 8I asked him where (did he live-he lived-he live-will he live). 9She asked me (if-that-unless-whatever) I could help her. 10- He asked her what (is her name-was her name-her name isher name was).
3) Orders requests and advice

direct :indirect . asked / told / advised / warned / begged said to 1- :2- to - . not to - . to / not to 3- 4- . Examples: 1-He said to me, "Open the door, please." (He asked me.) He asked me to open the door. 2-I said to Gamila, "Go to the doctor." (I advised) I advised Gamila to go to the doctor. 3-"Take the patient's temperature." (I told you.) I told you to take the patient's temperature.
(9) 4-I said to her, "Sit down." (I asked her) I asked her to sit down. 5-He said to me, "Dont play with fire." (He warned me..) He warned me not to play with fire.
Choose the correct answer: 1The doctor advised me (don't smoke-not smoke-not to smoke-no to smoke). 2I told Ali (to be-be-be to-being) careful crossing the road. 3Mother warned me (don't play-not to play-didn't playdoesn't) play with fire. 4Father advised me (study-studied-studying-to study) hard. 5The officer ordered the soldiers (to fire-fired-firing-fires).
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Test
37Finish the following dialogue between you and the representative of the Green Party (GP): Representative: Good morning, sir. Could I talk to you for a moment? You : .. Representative: I represent the Green Party. Have you heard about it before? You : .. Give me an idea about its activity, please. Representative: The Green Party is concerned with the environment. You : So you are trying to keep the environment healthy, ? Representative: Exactly! We're looking for new members, sir. ..? You : I'd love to. It's an honour to be a member of the Green Party. 38- Write what you would say in each of the following situations: 21Your sister wants to know what you are going to do at the weekend. 22Your friend asks you about your favourite dish. 23You are asked if you like playing football. 24You ask your friend what he liked best on his holiday.

39- Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d: 71There are beautiful beaches on this ., aren't there? a) community b) climate c) coast d) scene 72My diving showed me how to use the diving equipment. a) adventure b) expedition c) instructor d) experience 73This animal is extinct. It is . a) rare b) common c) seldom d) rarely 74.. is swimming under water using breathing equipment. a) Riding b) Diving c) Sailing d) Running 75He's going camel next Monday. a) riding b) diving c) sailing d) driving 76Lizza asked me if I on the school trip to the museum tomorrow. a) go b) was going c) went d) had gone 77James asked if I . England last summer. a) had visited b) would visit c) visit d) am visiting 78She wondered when singing with the band. a) do I begin b) did I begin c) had I begun d) I had begun 79He asked me .. I had worked at any foreign universities. a) unless b) that c) if d) whatever 80She asked me where I .. then. a) stay b) did I stay c) was staying d) am I staying (11) 40- Read the text below, then write the word which best fits each space: Olivia Owen, from London, is in Egypt. This is what she says: The Mediterranean (1). of Egypt is beautiful and has a wonderful (2)... I've spent a lot of time here (3) . a tortoise conservation society. The Egyptian tortoise is one of the smallest and (4) tortoises in the world. Unfortunately, people are building on many of the (5) where the tortoises usually live, so we are finding new, safe homes for them to (6) in.

41- Read the following passage , then answer the questions: It must be said that the majority of those who are against Genetically Modified (GM) foods are neither living in countries which suffer from food shortages nor facing starvation .Many scientists believe that without GM foods, the Third World will never overcome its food problems. At present, over one billion people live on less than one dollar a day. The United Nations hopes this number will be cut in half within fifteen years. This will not happen if food continues to be produced in the conventional manner . Foods produced by traditional farming methods do not last very long and often spoil during transport. Very often, food sent by the West to countries suffering from famine rots before it reaches its destination. Now, scientists have found ways to preserve foods for much longer time. For example, they have developed a preservative made from vitamins and minerals which keeps even cut fruit fresh for up to ten days if refrigerated .Despite this, there are still people who believe agricultural research should be moving in a different direction. They accept that there is no real proof that GM foods are dangerous. However, they believe that the solutions that GM foods provide are short-term and that it is necessary to find longer-lasting and natural means to solve the world's food problems. A) Answer the following questions: 1-How do scientists preserve foods for a long time? 2-Mention one disadvantage of food grown by conventional methods. 3-Give a title to the passage. (12) 4-Do you agree with the scientists who believe that without GM foods, the Third World will never overcome its food problem? Why? B) Choose the correct answer: 5-The expression "cut in half" means .. a) cut into pieces b) add one half c) decrease by half d) become one and a half 6-Most of the food sent to starving countries . a) never decays b) decays after it reaches them c) decays on the way d) does not decay until it is eaten by them
7-People are . a) not sure GM foods are dangerous b) sure GM foods are safe c) sure GM foods are dangerous d) ignorant of GM foods 7- Answer Only Four (4) of the following questions: 19- How many countries does Global Challenge organise expeditions to? 20- Are Global Challenge holidays different from ordinary holidays? 21- What happens before young people go on Global Challenge holidays? 22- How do you think the Global challenge instructors help the young people during the expedition? 23- Do you think life would be difficult in a small village with no television? 24Why do you think the language was not a problem for James?
D) The Novel
A) Answer the following questions: 5Why was Van Lutjens going to New York? 6What was Van Lutjens' job? 7-What quick decision did Benting take when the box of diamonds fell into the sea? 8What happened when the sea was rough? B) Read the following quotation, then answer the questions: "When I got back, two men were just carrying him off - dead. Heart failure." a) Who said this to whom? b) Who was the dead man? c) What was the cause of his death?
E) Writing
9- Write a paragraph of seven (7) sentences about: "An adventure holiday you went on"
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F) Translation
10- A) Translate into Arabic: 7It's our duty to conserve the environment.
8- The whole society should help street children grow up to become good citizens.
B)Translate into English: .
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Unit 11 Daniel Defoe

butcher adventure experience dangerous island lonely alone

mainland main prisoner prison

hunt )) cause pollution extra

specially close help / characters brave = courageous moral / / patient /

Idioms & Expressions

take off at sea

Reading & Critical Thinking

The Adventures of Robinson Crusoe

has to + have to + = It's necessary for to + ...

Study these sentences:

Lack of necessity and Obligation

Study these sentences:

mustnt / cant + =be not allowed to +

be forbidden to + be prohibited / banned from + v. + ing

Study these sentences:

(11) Study these sentences:

Choose the correct answer:

You You You You

B) Vocabulary and Structure

C) Read Comprehension and Set Books

medical treatment injured hammer nail knife weapon

footprints successful islander build builder biology biologist

specially close help / characters brave = courageous moral / / patient /

Idioms & Expressions

take off at sea

- The plane arrived in Cairo on time.

Reading & Critical Thinking

The Adventures of Robinson Crusoe

She always looks at herself in the (knife-cooking pot-mirror-

81- (Archeology-Geology-Histology-Biology) is the study of rocks and

Study these sentences:

Its necessary for us to be economical. (must) We must be economical.

Lack of necessity and Obligation

Study these sentences:

mustnt / cant + =be not allowed to +

be forbidden to + be prohibited / banned from + v. + ing

- You mustn't drive more than 50 kph.

(This is a rule or law)

Study these sentences:

(11) Study these sentences:

Choose the correct answer:

24- I (had to-must-didn't have to-have to) help my brothers because my

mother was ill.

B) Vocabulary and Structure

C) Read Comprehension and Set Books

5- Hypertension requires ...............salt in food. a) more b) less c) most d) much

teacher policeman architect designer doctor

mainly flights international

qualities swimming pool swimmer

Idioms & Expressions

near to at weekends work for ) ) /

die in a fire at the age of do a job

be good with people

She said "what about going to.?" She suggested going to .

B) Vocabulary and Structure

C) Read Comprehension and Set Books

photographer builder designer ) ) /

wedding dress repair = mend = fix scales fur lonely shipwrecked

lift moral hunter bite

alone / tail free / escape

Idioms & Expressions

learn from at the front of

Necessity & Obligation