Question Bank No.

02
Short Answer Type Questions:Q1: Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6 Q7. Q8. What is Cavitation? How it be avoided in reaction turbines? Give the range of specific speed values of Kaplan, Francis and Pelton wheel turbine. Differentiate between Radial and Axial Flow Turbines. What is specific speed? State its significance in study of Hydraulic machines. Explain the purpose of providing Scroll Casing and Guide Vanes for a reaction Turbine Explain how the suction height of the turbine above the tailrace is limited by Cavitation What is the significance of Thomas Cavitation Factor for water turbines. Explain the purpose of providing A. Scroll Casing B. Guide vanes for a reaction turbine. Define the term A. Unit Speed B. Unit Power C. Specific Speed

Q9.

Q10. Define the term Degree of reaction as applied to hydraulic turbines. Is it possible to have a turbine with 100%degree of reaction? If not why? Q11. What is an Air Vessel? What are its functions? Q12. What is a Draft Tube? What are its functions? Q13 Q14 Q15 What is the use of draft tube in reaction turbines? Define cavitation. What are the effects of cavitation. List the advantages of Kaplan turbine over Francis turbine.

Q16 Q17 Q18 Q19 Q20 Q21 Q22 Q23 Q24 Q25

what are the factors to be considered in deciding for a particular Hydro Electric Project Classify Hydraulic Turbines based on Head, Energy at inlet and specific speed. Explain runaway speed in case of Pelton wheel turbine. Why it is not possible to achieve 100 percent efficiency in case of a Pelton wheel turbine. Point out the significance of the word free in case of Impact of free jets. List down the function of a draft tube. What is meant by scale effect? State the significance of similarity parameters in pump? Define NPSH of a centrifugal Pump. Discuss the influence of exit blade angle on the performance and efficiency of the centrifugal pump.

Q26. Explain the difference between a fluid coupling and a torque converter. Q27 Discuss the influence of exit blade angle on the performance and efficiency of the centrifugal pump. Assume radial flow at the entrance. Explain different types of impellers used in Centrifugal Pump with a heat sketch. Draw characteristic curves of Centrifugal Pumps. Explain briefly.

Q28 Q29

Q.30 Differentiate between hydraulic accumulator and hydraulic intensifier. Q31. Explain Slip and Negative Slip in a reciprocating Pump? Q32. Draw the inlet and outlet velocity triangles for forward curved centrifugal pump and explain them. Q33. List down some advantages of centrifugal pump over displacement pumps. Q34. What do you understand by specific speed of a centrifugal pump? (PTU exam: 2005).

Q35. List the functions of air vessels.

Long Answer Type Questions:Q1 Discuss in general the main operating characteristics of a hydraulic turbine. Which of the pelton, Francis and Propeller turbine gives better off-design performance and why? How can the off design performance be improved of other machines? Explain the difference between the Kaplan and the Propeller Turbine
Deduce an expression for the specific speed of a Hydrodynamic machine and point out how the classification of Hydrodynamic machines is based upon the specific speed.

Q2
Q3

Q4

A reaction turbine works at 450 r.p.m. under a head of 120 m. Its diameter at inlet is 1.2 m and the flow area is 0.4 m2. 'The angles made by absolute and relative velocities at inlet are 20 and 60 respectively with the tangential velocity. Determine: ' (a) (b) (c) the volume flow rate the power developed, and the hydraulic efficiency. (PTU exam: 2005)

Q5

Show that in a given Turbine: u H: Q H: P H3/2

Q6

Discuss in general the main and operating characteristics of a Hydraulic Turbine. Which of the Pelton, Francis and Propeller gives the best off Design Performance and why? How can the of Design Performance be improved of other machines. List out the various differences between the inward flow and outward flow reaction turbine. List out the various differences between the Francis and the Kaplan Turbine. What is a Propeller turbine? Discuss its constructional features and its working operation.

Q7

Q8 Q9

Q10. A Francis Turbine develops 5880 kW shaft power at 210 rpm when operating under a head of 225 m. if overall efficiency of the wheel at best operating point is 85%, Determine the unit speed, unit discharge and unit power. It is now desired to test this Turbine at a site where the maximum supply head is 15 m and the available precision tachometer has a maximum range of 150 rpm. Work out the speed, discharge and the power output of the turbine under the changed head. Q11. A Kaplan Turbine developing 3250 kW under a head of 6 m has a draft tube with inlet diameter 2.8 m and is placed 1.5 m above the tailrace. If the vacuum gauge connected to the inlet of the draft tube reads 5 m of the water, determine the efficiency of the turbine. Assume the draft tube efficiency as 76% and take the atmospheric pressure 10.3m of water. Q 12 Explain how the suction height of a turbine above tail race is limited by cavitation? Q 13 Discuss in general the main and operating characteristics of a hydraulic turbine. Which of the pelton, Francis and Propeller Turbines gives better off design performance and why? How can the off design performance be improved.

Q 14 Define the terms Degree of Reaction as applied to hydraulic turbines. Is it possible to have a turbine with 100% degree of reaction if not why?

1 P DM . Where p and a are = Q 15 Define scale effect and show that 1 m DP efficiencies and DP and DM are linear dimensions of proto type and model respectively.
2 2 V 2 Va2 u12 u a Vr2 Vr2 + + Q 16 Show that Euler head in a turbine is He = and also 2g 2g 2g derive a relationship for degree of reaction.

Q 17 Describe about surge tanks, and also discuss about their location and operation. Q 18 State the purpose of draft tube and sketch some typical draft tubes. Also show that pressure at the runner exit drops below atmospheric pressure, if the draft tube is of diverging section and the suction hecd hs is positive.

Q 19 A model of Francis Turbine one fifth of full size, develops 3kw at 306 rpm under a head of 1.77 m. Find the speed and power of full size turbine operating under a head of 5.7 m if (a) the efficiency of the model and full size turbine are some (b) the efficiency of model turbine is 76 % and scale effect is considered. Q 20 The following data were obtained from the main characteristics of a Kaplan turbine of a runner diameter 1m: Pu = 30.695; Qu = 108.6, Nu = 63.6. Estimate the runner diameter the discharge and the speed of a similar runner working under a head of 30 m and developing 2000 kW. Determine the specific speed of runner. . Q21: The following Data pertains to an inward flow reaction turbine: Net head = 60 m; Speed 650 rpm; Brake power 275 kW; Ratio of wheel width to wheel diameter at inlet = 0.10, Ratio of inner diameter to outer diameter= 0.5; Flow ratio 0.17; h= 0.95; o = 0.85 The flow velocity is constant and the discharge is radial. Neglecting area blockage by blades, work out the main dimensions and blade angles of the turbine Q22. A turbine with critical values of Thomas Cavitation Number c = 0.12 is to be installed at a location where the barometric pressure is 1 bar, summer temperature is 40 C and the net available head is 45 m. calculate the maximum permissible height of the turbine rotor above the tail water level. At 40 C, the vapor pressure for water is 0.0737 ba Q23: A Francis Turbine with an overall efficiency of 75% is required to produce 150 kW when working under a head of 7.62m.. Its peripheral velocity is 0.262gH and the radial velocity of flow at inlet is 0.962gH. The wheel runs at 150 rpm and the hydraulic losses in the turbine are 22% of the available energy. Assuming Radial discharge, determine Guide vane angle. Wheel vane angle at inlet Diameter of the wheel at inlet Width of wheel at inlet Q24. An Inward flow reaction turbine is designed to operate under the following conditions: Net head=60m; speed = 700 rpm; shaft output = 2940 kW; flow ratio = 0.18; hydraulic efficiency = 95%; mechanical efficiency = 85%; ratio of wheel width to diameter = 0.1 and ratio of inner to outer diameter of runner = 2. Work out the main dimensions and the blade angles for the turbine. You may assume radial discharge at the outlet, and neglect the thickness of the runner vane.

Q 25. The runner of an inward flow reaction turbine is of 45 cm diameter and 5 cm width at the outer periphery; the corresponding dimensions at the inner periphery are 30 cm and 7.5 cm respectively, and the vanes occupy 8% of the periphery. The guide vane angle is 25 to the tangent to the runner and the moving vanes have an inlet angle of 95 (vanes inclined forward to the direction of motion) and an exit angle of 30. Hydraulic and mechanical friction losses amount to 10% and 5 % of the supply head, and the pressure in the outer casing is 55 more than that at discharge from the runner. You have to work out the speed of the runner for no shocks at entry and power available at the turbine shaft. Q 26 For a Kaplan turbine with runner diameter 4 m, the discharge is 60 m 3/s and the hydraulic and mechanical efficiencies are stated to be 90% and 94%. The diameter of the boss is 0.3 times the runner diameter and the speed ratio is 2.0. Assuming the discharge is free and there is no swirl at outlet, calculate the net available head on the turbine, the power developed and the specific speed.( Ans H=14m, P=6971 kW, Ns=488.25) Q. 27 The runner of an inward flow reaction turbine is of 45 cm diameter and 5 cm width at the outer periphery; the corresponding dimensions at the inner periphecy are 30 cm and 7.5 cm respectively, and vanes occupy 8% of the periphery. The guide vane angle is 25o to the tangent to the runner and moving vanes have an inlet angle of 95 o (vanes inclined forward to the direction of motion) and an exit angle of 30o. Hydraulic and Mechanical friction losses respectively amount to 10% and 5% of the supply head, and the pressure in the outer casing is 55 m more than that at discharge from the runner. You are required to work out speed of the runner for no shocks at entry and power available at the turbine shaft.

Q. 28 A Kaplan Turbine operating under a head of 7.5 m develops 1835 kW with an overall efficiency of 87%. The turbine is set 2.5 m above the tail water level and vacuum gauge inserted at turbine outlet records a suction head of 3.15m. Calculate the efficiency of draft tube if it has an inlet diameter of 3m and the loss of head due to friction in the draft tube equals 25% of kinetic head at outlet. Q29 A centrifugal pump rotating at 1500 r.p.m. delivers 0.2 m3/s at a head of 15 m. Calculate the specific speed ,of the pump and the power input. Assume overall efficiency of the pump as 0.68. If this pump were to operate at 900 r.p.m., what would be, the head, discharge and power required for, homologous conditions ? Assume overall efficiency, remains unchanged at new r.p.m. (PTU exam: 2005)

Q. 30 Mention any two pumping devices which are non conventional in practice. Sketch (neat and clean) and describe the Construction and working of an air lift pump. Q. 31 A multistage centrifugal pump is to be installed to lift water through a head of 80 m at the rate of 0.1 m3/s. The pump is coupled to an electric motor running at 1000 rev/min. Make calculations for the head developed per stage and required number of stages; the required impeller diameter if the speed ratio based on the impeller diameter is 0.8; and the power required. Assume overall efficiency is 0.8 and specific speed of each impeller is 35. Q32 A double acting-reciprocating pump of plunger diameter 10 cm and stroke length 25 cm is made to run at 75 rpm. The suction is through a 5 m long pipe of 10 cm diameter. Calculate the maximum permissible suction lift if separation occurs at a pressure of 2m of water absolute. Take barometric pressure as 10.3 m of water.

Q. 33 Explain with neat sketch, the construction and working of an air lift pump. Mention its advantages.