Momordica Charantia

JOHN CARLO TUBIG BSBAFM3A MRS. MARIA DINNA AVINANTE

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND Most of the Filipinos now are prone to diseases such as hepatitis, diabetes, skin diseases and etc. Most of the children today do not eat such as vegetable especially ampalaya. For them to know about the benefits that they can get from ampalaya, I made a research regarding this.
Ampalaya, also known as Bitter Melon, is a crawling vine that grows well in tropical countries, particularly in the Philippines. The term Ampalaya refers to both the plant and its fruit, which is elongated, green and has a rough and rumpled skin. Known for its bitter taste, the Ampalaya is at once a staple ingredient in Filipino and Asian cuisine and a reliable home remedy for various illnesses, particularly diabetes. Ampalaya has long been a popular part of many Asian vegetable dishes. Though notorious for its bitter taste, Ampalaya is rich in iron, potassium, beta-carotene and other nutrients. But aside from its role as a healthy food, Ampalaya is especially valued by diabetics for its known antidiabetes properties. The traditional remedy is made by pounding the raw fruits of Ampalaya into a bitter liquid, or by boiling the leaves and fruits for a few minutes, the resulting water then drank as a herbal tea. Ampalaya has the most documented scientific reports that cite its blood sugar-lowering benefit. Research worldwide since the 1960s cites the plants key compounds, notably polypeptide-P, a plant insulin known to lower blood sugar levels. The plants insulin-like benefits have long-been enjoyed by many diabetics, who include Ampalaya as part of their daily diet, either eaten as a vegetable or taken as a tea. With the traditional use supported by modern scientific validation of the plants benefits, the Ampalaya is the single most promising plant/herb for diabetes today.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

This research study aims to determine the viability of making ampalaya achara, taking into consideration the five major aspect of business such as marketing aspect, management aspect, financial aspect, technical aspect and socio-economic aspect. Specifically, the study sought to answer the following questions:

Marketing Aspect 1. Who are the target markets? 2. Who are the possible competitors of the proposed product? 3. What marketing strategies will be the business applies to promote the product? 4. How will the product be priced? Management Aspect 1. What type of business organization is essential for effective and successful sales? 2. How many workers are needed in the said product? 3. How will the quality of the product be controlled? Technical Aspect 1. What are the ingredients needed? 2. How are the products processed? 3. What are the utensils and tools needed? Financial Aspect 1. How much capital will be needed in making the proposed product? 2. What is the rate on return in investment? 3. How much is the total projected income? Socio-Economic Aspect 1. How can the proposed product be helpful to the people? 2. What can the product contribute in the health of the people? 3. What vitamins and nutrients can the product give?

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The main objective of the sturdy is to determine the viability of making amapalaya achara.

Marketing Aspect 1. Marketing strategies to be used by the business 2. Expected volume of sales 3. Target market of the business Management Aspect 1. Type of business organization that best suit the firm 2. Distribution of duties and responsibilities 3. Human resource that the business will need Technical Aspect 1. Supplier of ingredients or raw materials 2. Process of manufacturing of products Financial Aspect 1. Rate of return 2. Projected net income 3. Expenses to be incurred before and during operation Socio-Economic Aspect 1. Possible contribution of the product to the society 2. Benefits that the product can provide

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This project study is important in order to provide students, genera public and other business minded people on adequate knowledge on how to successfully operate a business. This will serve as a reference material for researchers in related field. The future proponents will acquire knowledge in making ampalaya achara. This study will also enhance their interest to put up same kind of business someday. It will give them necessary information that will serve as their chosen business. It will be a definite source for new entrepreneur to know if the kind of business is feasible or not.

Students Each escolarian undergoes the method of sharpening the minds through research studies, thesis in relation with their chosen degree. This study will be a great help and good as a reference for every student who will also experience doing research on their college degree. G ov e r n m en t - a s t hey c o n du c t a n d c r ea t e n u t r it i on a l a n d hea l t hy programs, events and activities for their locality, they will disseminate health significance of ampalaya through seminars. Health, Science & Medicine for the last years and incoming years of t h e g en er a t io n , h ea l t h a n d s c i en c e m ov es b r oa dl y . I n t he f i el d o f medicine, this study will be good as a piece of information a n d contribution. Medicine is growing widely to conduct studies in enriching the use of different plants for the better benefits and contributions .Medicine purposes build and foundation to a much better health that is a wealth of each individual

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Achara - is a Filipino food that involves pickling of fruit or vegetable

Cucurbitaceae - The Cucurbitaceae are an important family consisting of approximately 125 genera and 960 species, mainly in regions tropical and subtropical. All species are sensitive to frost. Most of the plants in this family are annual vines but there are also woody lianas, thorny shrubs, and trees

Diabetes mellitus - often simply referred to as diabetes, is a group of metabolic diseases in which a person has high blood sugar, either because the body does not produce enoughinsulin, or because cells do not respond to the insulin that is produced

Hyperglycemia - or high blood sugar, is a condition in which an excessive amount of glucose circulates in the blood plasma

Momordicin - is a chemical compound found in the leaves of the bitter melon vine (Momordica charantia), possibly responsible for its reputed medicinal properties.

Momordica charantia - called bitter melon or bitter gourd in English, is a tropical and subtropical vine of the family Cucurbitaceae, widely grown in Asia, Africa, and the Caribbean for its edible fruit, which is among the most bitter of all fruits

SCOPE AND DELIMINATION OF THE STUDY

The study concentrates on the different of the business.

The study was limited to determine

the contents of ampalaya that makei t b i t t e r , t h e f a c t o r s w h y p e o p l e n e v e r l i k e t o e a t a m p a l a y a , a n d t o h e l p understand its importance and provide the significance of this study to society

The marketing aspect focuses on the target market, competitors of the product, business, marketing strategies to be used to achieve the success of the operation process of the product and pricing of the product.

The management aspect focuses on the type of business organization .responsibilities of the workers, organizational chart and number of workers and salary.

The technical aspect focuses on ingredients, disposal of waste and material, processing of products and equipment required in the business.

The financial aspect focuses on the rate of return on investment the financial result of the business after 5 years.

The socio-economic aspect focuses on the contribution of the proposed business to the welfare of the community.

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Foreign Literature

According to Oshima, the staff writer of Ta k in g t he b it t er w it h t h e sweet , that for a long time, however, farmers on the mainland Japan grew it only to shade their gardens from the sun, and its usage as a foodstuff was limited to southern Kyushu and Okinawa, where the hot summer weather caused a lack of other locally-grown green vegetables. Today, as tourism to Okinawa introduces travelers to famous local dishes such asgoya champuru (stir-fry of bitter gourd with tofu, egg and other ingredients), more and more people are becoming accustomed to the vegetable. The gourd's popularity has also been accelerated by the well-publicized facts about its nutritional value.One hundred grams of bitter gourd contains 120 mg of vitamin C --much higher than many vitamin C-rich vegetables and fruits. Scientific datahas shown this extremely rich vitamin content is not lost with heating.Okinawa is now the largest bitter-gourdproducing district in Japan.Production has more than doubled from 2,700 tons in 1990, to 6,000 tons in1997, most of which is shipped to the mainland. The vegetable's best seasonis June to August -- the bitter flavor increases as its nutritional levels peak.According to Yaedake, the staff writer of Taking the bitter with sweet i n T h e J a p a n T i m e s O n l i n e , i n a n a t t e m p t t o j u m p o n t h e b a n d w a g o n , Okinawan companies have put various bitter-gourd products on supermarket shelves, including goya sherbet, goya juice and dried goya. Goya tea made bydr y in g a n d r oa s t in g s l i c ed b it t er gou r d p i c k ed in it s p ea k s ea s o n , is a l s opopular.To prepare bitter gourd for cooking, cut the vegetable in half lengthwise, discard the seeds and fibrous core, and then slice into half-moons.Do not remove the skin. A dash of salt tames the bitterness. Although it is best known in its stir-fried form, eating bitter gourd as tempura or in a salad with sweetened vinegar or soy sauce and dried bonito shavings is also delicious. According to Sue Kiyabu,the writer of the story An Acquired Taste Ha n a H ou in the magazine of Hawaian Airlines it ha s g r o w n i n t r o p i c a l regions around the world; it resembles a thick, mintgreen, warty cucumber (adistant cousin). The plants seeds, vines and leaves are

edible, but the melonitself is most often the key ingredient. At first, its bitterness may be concealedby the richness of fried batter (heat cooking) or the saltiness of black beansauce or the spiciness of curry, but then it comes into its own, first at the backand sides of the tongue and then, more lingeringly, on the palate. Bitter melon (Momordica charantia) is known as ampalaya in the Philippines, where it is used in pinakbet , and a traditional vegetable-based stew from the north. In China, it is called kugua and stuffed with pork ands t e a m e d . I n S r i L a n k a , i t i s k a r a w i l a , m a d e i n t o c u r r i e s o r c h u t n e y . I n Denmark, it is sliced thin and used as a garnish in salads. In Japan, it is often pickled. In Okinawa, goya is a culinary jewel. It is not only a pivotal component in the national dish champuru, which consists of pork (or Spam), tofu and bittermelon, its also made into beer, chips, candy and tea. There is even a television show, Churasan, which features a toy called goya man. Humans are hard-wired to avoid bitter flavours. It is a natural defence mechanism. Many familiar and appealing foods are inherently bitter: radicchio, artichokes, coffee, and chocolate. An element of bitterness can help bring a dish into balance and strengthen its character. In the case of bitter melon, when properly prepared and in combination with the right ingredients, the bitterness acts like a catalyst, bringing out the sweetness of other ingredients; it can cut through greasy and fatty foods, take the sting out of hot foods and add intensity to a sauce. In Hawaii, bitter melon is easily grown and widely available in local supermarkets. In 2005, twenty farms produced roughly 250,000 pounds not huge numbers, but still, a lot of people are eating the stuff. It seems to me that bitter melon enthusiasts fall into three categories: According to Taylor, the author of Healing Power of Rainforest Herbs ,bitter melon grows in tropical areas, including parts of the Amazon, East Africa, Asia, and the Caribbean, and is cultivated throughout South America as a food and medicine. It is a slender, climbing annual vine with long-stalked leaves and yellow, solitary male and female flowers borne in the leaf axils. Thef r u it l o ok s l ik e a w a r t y g ou r d, u s u a l l y ob l on g a n d r es em b l in g a s m a l l cucumber. The young fruit is emerald green, turning to orange-yellow when ripe. At maturity, the fruit splits into three irregular valves that curl backwards and release numerous reddish-brown or white seeds encased in scarlet arils. The Latin name Momordicameans "to bite," referring to the jagged edges of the leaves, which appear as if they have been bitten. All parts of the plant, including the fruit, taste very bitter.

Local Literature
According to Dr. Galvez, the former secretary of the Department of Health, ampalaya (the Tagalog name of Mormodica charantia) cannot cure diabetes, but it can help control the disease. The action of ampalaya on blood sugar is equivalent to the action of the medicine. In response to the study, the Department of Health (DoH) has elevated the status of ampalaya from a mere nutritional supplement to a real medicine People find ways to counteract the bitter taste of ampalaya by cooking it together with other recipes. Mixing the chopped ampalaya with eggs can turn its taste delightful to the taste buds and at the same time reaping the many health benefits of ampalaya According to Galvez, ampalaya is a climbing vine with tendrils growing up to 20 centimetres long. The leaves are heart-shaped, 5 to 10 centimetres in diameter, cut into 5 to 7 lobes. The male and female yellow flowers are about15 mille meters long, long-stalked with pairs of small leaf like bracts at middle or toward base of stalk. The fruit is fleshy and green, oblong with pointed ends, ribbed and wrinkled, bursting when mature to release seeds. Seeds are flat with ruminated margins It is a year-round vegetable growing in various places from sea level tohi g h er a l t it u d es . W il d f or m s a r e f ou n d in w a s t el a n ds a t l o w a n d m ed iu m altitudes. In the Philippines, both the wild (small, ovoid and bitter fruit) and the cultivated form (with elongated and oblong fruit) are eaten. The fruit of the wild form is usually roasted over fire and eaten with salt. That of the cultivated form is ea t en a s a v eg et a b l e w it h s hr im p s or m ea t ; s l i c e d , m a s h e d w it h s a l t , and washed; it is made into salad with onions and vinegar. Analyses of the fruit show that it is a good source of iron and calcium, and a good source of phosphorus. The fruit and leaves are also excellent sources of vitamin B (sometimes the tender shoots and the leaves are eaten as a vegetable aside from the fruit). It has twice the amount of beta carotene in broccoli and twice the calcium content of spinach. Despite its bitter taste, extracts from plant parts has become a popular drink for boosting vigour.

Inf a c t , t h e m o r e b i t t e r , t h e b e t t e r , a s i t i s b e l i e v e d t h a t t h e b i t t e r n e s s i s proportionate to its potency