FLACS TRAINING EXERCISES

Exercise I (and III): Explosion simulation in offshore platform module Explosion tests in an offshore test geometry will be simulated. A step by step description will be available to give a flying start in the explosion modelling.

Exercise II: Geometry building, designing Bang-box and explode

FLACS 2006

Exercise Ia: Explosion simulation in offshore module

Typing convention: To be typed in unix-shells (boldface): To be typed in CASD command line (italic): Keyboard shortcuts in CASD or FLOWVIS (underline): To be typed by mouse or in dialog window (boldface) In CASD and FLOWVIS, Mouse can be used for most commands Mouse buttons are shown as: <LEFT>, <MIDDLE>, <RIGHT> Command cd TEST_EXAMPLE <CR> vi 3 ALT-v 3 3 <TAB> 4 <OK> Explanation (<CR> means Carriage return) abbreviated VIEW menu, 3D View same effect as above in CASD enter 3 TAB 4, click OK with left mouse

If alternate ways of typing is indicated, they are separated by an OR

This exercise is to prepare and simulate a gas explosion in the 8m wide Advantica fullscale rig (HIGH-A conf.) - An existing geometry model will be opened in the preprocessor CASD - A simulation mesh will be prepared - Porosity calculation will be run (mapping of geometry information onto the grid) - The explosion scenario and result output will be defined - The FLACS simulation will be run - The simulation results will be studied in postprocessor FLOWVIS - If time allows, different ignition locations will be applied

FLACS 2006

Exercise Ib: Explosion simulation in offshore module

TO BE TYPED: Initialising and starting the preprocessor CASD mkdir YOUR_NAME <CR> cd YOUR_NAME <CR> cp ~/GEO/*00001* f81 <CR> run casd <CR> UNIX: make a distinct catalog in which you perform the exercise UNIX: move into this directory UNIX: copy setup files and geometry files for the exercise UNIX: script to initialize for FLACS-v8.1 UNIX: command starting up the preprocessor CASD Explanation:

. <CR>

Open and view the geometry in CASD (Move cursor to the CASD window) choose OPEN in the FILE menu OR file open <CR> OR ALT-f o choose 100001.caj <OK> if any error message appears click <OK> CASD Ask for opening an existing job file CASD: Open jobfile 100001, using <LEFT> mouse button CASD: Ignore error message => error message

Make a grid (mesh) for the simulation, calculate porosities (module dim.: 25.6m x 8m x 8m, origin in corner below the control room) Choose SIMULATION_VOLUME from GRID menu OR ALT-r v Enter -16 <TAB> -8 <TAB> 0 <TAB> 40 <TAB> 16 <TAB> 16 <OK> In GRID menu, choose DIRECTION X, REGION and enter 56 <OK> Use mouse OR grid dir y reg 24 dir z reg 16 <CR> Type grid info <CR> for quality assurance, and <OK> to close window Choose SAVE from the FILE menu OR ALT-f s Choose CALCULATE from POROSITIES menu OR ALT-p c Click <CALCULATE> in the window that pops up Choose DISPLAY OFF in the GRID menus CASD: To enter the extension of the simulation domain CASD: Volume is defined (16m out from vent, 8m to the sides) CASD: 56 grid cells chosen (1.0m grid size). CASD: 24 cells in Y-direction and 16 cells in Z-direction CASD: Check that grid dimension is 1.0m as intended CASD: Save geometry and grid files CASD: Map geometry information onto the grid, porcalc PORCALC: Start calculations CASD: Dont draw the grid anymore

FLACS 2006

Exercise Ic: Explosion simulation in offshore module

TO BE TYPED: Define explosion scenario Choose MONITOR_POINTS in SCENARIO menu OR scen mon <CR> click <ADD>, <EDIT> and 0.8 <TAB> 4.7 <TAB> 7.9 <OK> repeat this for point 2 (12.3, 4, 0.1) and point 3 (24, 7.9, 7.9) Click <OK> Choose SINGLE_FIELD_SCALAR from SCENARIO menu Click on <P>, drag mouse pushing <LEFT> across all monitors, <OK> Repeat for <PIMP> and <DRAG> Click <OK> and choose SINGLE_FIELD_3D from SCENARIO menu Click on <P>, CTRL-<PROD>, CTRL-<VVEC>, <OK> CASD: Define where to measure variables CASD: Add and define location of monitor point 1 CASD: To edit a non-highlighted monitor, click on its number CASD: Close MONITOR_POINT window CASD: Define which variables to report at monitors CASD: Log pressure at all three transducers CASD: Log pressure impulse and dynamic pressure, too CASD: Define variables for contour plots CASD: Pressure, flame and velocity vectors. CTRL needed to select more than one (NB! deselect when using the scroll bar) Choose SIMULATION in SCENARIO menu OR scen sim <CR>CASD: Choose output and simulation parameters Click on <NPLOT>, enter 50 <OK>, <OK> Click on GAS_COMP... in SCENARIO menu OR scen gas_c <CR> Click on <POS...>, 0 <TAB> 0 <TAB> 0 <OK> Click on <DIM...>, 25.6 <TAB> 8 <TAB> 8 <OK> Click on <VOL...>, <METHANE> 91.7 <OK> <ETHANE> 7 <OK> <PROPANE> 1.3 <OK> <OK> Click on <EQUI...> 1.05 <TAB> 0 <OK> <OK> Click on IGNITION in SCENARIO menu <POS...> 12.5 <TAB> 4.1 <TAB> 4.25 <OK> <OK> OR scen ign pos 12.5 4.1 4.25 OK <CR> Choose SAVE from the FILE menu OR ALT-f s Iconise CASD, click at POINT in right corner of CASD frame CASD: Define location of ignition (12.5, 4.1, 4.25) CASD: Save all files, ready to run flacs CASD: Leave CASD for now, can be activated easily CASD: Gas composition is defined CASD: Slightly rich gas mixture is chosen ER=1.05 CASD: Increase number of contour plots, return to main menu CASD: Define gas cloud loc., size, comp. and concentration CASD: Position of bounding box describing gas cloud CASD: Dimension of gas cloud equals module dimensions Explanation:

FLACS 2006

Exercise Id: Explosion simulation in offshore module

TO BE TYPED: run flacs 100001 <CR> more tt100001 <CR> run flowvis <CR> tail -f tt100001 <CR> STUDY RESULTS IN POSTPROCESSOR FLOWVIS: choose ADD from LAYOUT menu, click <LEFT> centrally in window click <RIGHT>, choose PLOT_TYPE and SCALAR_TIME plot choose 100001 and P with <LEFT>, select all 3 monitors (drag mouse) <OK> <RESCAN> Choose MODIFY in the LAYOUT menu, enter <TAB> 1 <TAB> 2 <OK> ADD layout and do the same for the DRAG and PIMP variables Choose ADD in LAYOUT menu, click <RIGHT>, PLOT_TYPE, 2D... Choose 100001, P, click <OK> click <RIGHT>, choose PLOT_SPECIFICATION deselect GRID/AXIS, select GEOMETRY click <RIGHT>, choose PLOT_DOMAIN, change k-index to 5 <OK> FLOWVIS: make plot more readable FLOWVIS: choose XY-cut plane through ignition FLOWVIS: prepare 2D contour plot FLOWVIS: contour plot of pressure FLOWVIS: Prepare first layout FLOWVIS: Plotting of time histories of variables FLOWVIS: Plot pressure time history at all monitors FLOWVIS: if sim. is running rescan will update plot FLOWVIS: divide plot into 2 layouts Explanation: UNIX: Start FLACS simulation UNIX: Study log-file, <spacebar> give next page, <CR> new line UNIX: Start postprocessor FLOWVIS UNIX: Study tail of log file continuously (end with CTRL-C) Start FLACS simulation, start preprocessor Flowvis(Move cursor to unix-shell)

Click at lower frame, then <RIGHT>, PLOT_TYPE, SCALAR_TIME_ANNO FLOWVIS: show numerical values from pressure plots

Time steps can now be changed moving the lower scroll bar to the right, layout can be varied using the upper scroll bar Try to show PRESSURE, repeat this method for PROD and VVEC variables Try to show PRESSURE and PROD on the same page using LAYOUT MODIFY Now that you are familiar with FLOWVIS, try the volume plot menu (select only a job-number not a variable) to study the geometry Use PLOT SPECIFICATION to switch on geometry drawing and PLOT DOMAIN to narrow the view window and see below the ceiling
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FLOWVIS: visualize flame and velocity vectors

FLACS 2006

Exercise Ie: Explosion simulation in offshore module

If time allows, study the effect of ignition location:
Enter CASD, open the 100001.caj job-file, save this as a new job number e.g. 100002.caj Change ignition location in order to study how pressures may vary with different ignition locations A) B) End ignition (0.5, 4.1, 4.25), (job number 100002) Your own assumed worst-case location (job number 100003)

Report highest pressure achieved on monitor point Make mpg-animation of either 2D or volume plots using the export menu (with all timesteps)

FLACS 2006

Exercise II: Geometry building & pressure wave propagation

A) Enter CASD and build geometry Start CASD: run casd Use Save as option to save job as 200000.caj [accept possible error messages about co-file etc.] Choose EDIT FILE option in the GEOMETRY menu ADD BOX [pos 10, -10, -1, size 40, 25, 1, hue 140, keep all porosities=0] Choose MAXIMIZE from VIEW menu ADD BOX [pos 0, 0, 0, size 0.01, 4.5, 4.5, hue 210] ADD COPY, EDIT PROPERTIES [change first position from 0 to 9] ADD COPY, EDIT PROP.. [pos 8, 0.66, 0.66 size 2, 3.18, 3.18], ADD LEFT_DIFF ADD BOX [pos 0,0,0 size 9, 0.01, 4.5, hue 210], ADD COPY, EDIT PROP [pos 0,4.5,0] ADD BOX [pos 0,0,4.5 size 9,4.5, 0.01, hue 210] Choose ADD UNION 5 times ADD CYLINDER [pos 1, 0, 0.225 dia 0.18, len 4.5, dir Y, hue 0] EDIT DUPLICATE [no 4, delta 0, 0, 0.9] EDIT DUPLICATE [no 3, delta 2, 0, 0] EDIT DUPLICATE [no 1, delta 1, 0, 0.45] ADD UNION ADD BOX [pos 22, 1, 0, size 2.5, 2.5, 2.5, hue 0] ADD UNION Geometry is now complete, choose FILE SAVE, FILE EXIT [answer yes when asked] Use view options [3D_VIEW and thereafter SHADE in VIEW menu]

geometry will be built in the new window ground is added to see the full geometry rear wall of box define front wall of box make vent opening in front wall side walls roof is added connect primitives in the geometry string make cylinder obstruction make 4 more cylinders at same X-location make 3 more rows of cylinders at this Z-pos make 4 more rows, with shift in Z-pos connect to rest of geometry create one target outside box connect object primitives

FLACS 2006

Exercise IIIb: Blast propagation

Grid will now be defined
B) Make grid, save and calculate porosities Choose GRID SIMULATION_VOLUME [min 0, -9, 0 max 30, 13.5, 13.5] choose grid extent GRID DIR X, GRID REGION 60, GRID DIR Y, REGION 45, DIR Z REG 27 define regular 0.50m grid Press CTRL-G 9 times, choose GRID STRETCH POS OK OK stretch grid upwards GRID DIR Y, CTRL-o, repeat CTRL-SHIFT-G until 9 to 1 (m) is selected select Y-grid lines for y < -1 GRID STRETCH NEG OK OK stretch negative Y GRID DIR X, GRID DIR Y, repeat CTRL-G until 5.5 to 13.5 (m) is selected select Y-grid lines for y > 5.5m GRID STRETCH POS OK OK stretch positive Y GRID INFORMATION [close window by OK] check that grid is OK (if something goes wrong, start again with choosing simulation volume, direction and region for the direction where things went wrong) FILE SAVE, OK, POROSITIES CALCULATE, CALCULATE save grid, calculate porosities

Geometry is now complete, choose FILE SAVE, FILE EXIT [answer yes when asked] to leave child window and return to main window Use view options [open inventor symbols to the right + mouse left and central button to study the geometry.]

Box 9m x 4.5m x 4.5m box with 40 cylinders D= 0.18m Vent opening is 3.18m x 3.18m (50% of 4.5m x 4.5m end wall) Picture shows 3 boxes, only nearest one is used in this exercise Picture from similar tests at Advantica tests site Spadeadam UK

FLACS 2006

Exercise IIc: Blast propagation

C) Define scenario for calculations SCENARIO MONITOR_POINTS, choose ADD, EDIT [pos 1, 2.25, 1.25] Define first monitor point Choose COPY and thereafter ADD 5 times Define points along the axis use EDIT to change first position to 6, 15, 21.5, 23 and 25 for points 2-6 Modify X-coordinate Select point at 23m, change 3rd position to 2.75m, exit monitor points menu Put points at top of target box SCENARIO SINGLE_FIELD_SCALAR choose P, select all 6 monitors with left-mouse Select pressure to be recorded Repeat for variables PIMP, PROD, UVW Pressure impulse, flame and velocity SCENARIO_SINGLE_FIELD_3D_ choose P, PROD, VVEC (+U, V, W) and PMAX Remember CTRL-button selecting multiple SCENARIO SIMULATION_AND choose NPLOT=25, then DTPLOT=0.025 Output options SCENARIO BOUNDARY choose XLO edit, type PLANE_WAVE, copy/paste to all Non-reflecting boundary cond. everywhere SCEN GAS_COMP, DIM [9, 4.5, 4.5], VOL FRAC [meth 91, ethane 7, propane 2], EQUI [1.05, 0] Define natural gas in box SCENARIO IGNITION, POS [0.1, 2.25, 2.25] Ignition at rear wall FILE SAVE 200000.caj and exit CASD Start simulation in LINUX window: run flacs 200000, check how tt200000 starts up (more tt200000) D) Result viewing in flowvis How to operate flowvis you should know from previous exercise, limited explanation is therefore given here. Study pressure curves at different locations (if in doubt where the monitor points are, use a MONITOR plot option) Study the 2D-field variables, P, PMAX, PROD, VVEC If time allows, make a VOLUME plot and animation of this [see hints in the flowvis presentation]

FLACS 2006

Exercise IId: Blast propagation

Comparison: experiments by Shell Global Solutions /Advantica (Phase 3B) 40 pipes and 10.1m2 vent (50%) [exact pipe and sensor locations may deviate]

Pressure inside box

Yield factor 13 m outside freefield blast (mbarg) 3% 77 10% 119 20% 197

Pressure at target 13m

50% 349 100% 489

Multi-energy method estimate (strong curve 7 or higher) 17.5m away from cloud centre

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FLACS 2006

Exercise III: Explosion mitigation

Apply the test geometry from Exercise I, and investigate how pressures can be reduced
A) Deluge: Open job-files from Exercise I, add a water deluge system and save as new job-number (100004.caj etc.) Possible systems are:
DELUGE SYSTEM MV57 (TYPE I) LDN (TYPE II) POSITION -1, 0, 0 -1, 0, 0 SIZE 27.6 8.0 8.0 27.6 8.0 8.0 VOLUME_FRACTION 0.2 0.2 MEAN_DROPLET_DIA... 846 1280 NOZZLE_TYPE FACTORS:3.73,0.284 FACTORS:5.98,0.173

The FACTORS are calculated based on the water application rate (WAR), which were 16 litre/minute/sqm (MV57) and 26 litre/minute/sqm, (LDN). The simplified relations F1 = 0.23 x WAR and F2 = 4.5 / WAR are used. Simulate two ignition points and one deluge system with FLACS, compare pressure curves of new calculations with dry tests, and also with Interim Guidance Note from Steel Construction Institute.

B) Pressure relief panels (remove water deluge before saving as new job number 100006.caj): Define the following panel on North wall (Y=8), evaluate how the relief panels will influence pressures for worst-case ignition location.
POSITION 4, 8, 0 SIZE 12, 0, 8 MATERIAL DefaultMaterial PANEL_TYPE HINGED OPE.._PR..._DIFF... 0.05, 0.05 IN.._AND_FI.._POR.. 0, 0.8 WEIGHT 7 PANEL_SUBS... 0.7, 1

C) Inert gas (remove panels and deluge before saving as 100007.caj): Add CO2 to the gas mixture, so that the amounts of CO2 is similar to the amount of flammable gas (same volume fraction gives about 8-9% in final mixture). How will this influence pressures of the explosion, choose one ignition point?

D) Geometry change (remove inert gas, deluge and panel before saving as 100008.caj): The room between the two control rooms in the test geometry may influence the pressure. Close this room by adding a 16m x 4m x 4m BOX at POSITION (4, 0, 4). Simulate one scenario to consider the effect of closing the gap and compare to base case. HINT, use GEOMETRY EDIT FILE, ADD (and define) BOX and ADD UNION

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FLACS 2006