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Lecture1 The Process and Profession of Design The Language of Design Residential and Contract Interior Design Residential

Interiors and Well-Being The Need for Interior Design The Language of Design If the vocabulary and the grammar of a language are mastered, we can adequately express ourselves. Interior design has a vocabulary of materials, styles, forms, details, light, colors, patterns, textures, lines, and mass. The grammar can be compared to design principles of balance, rhythm, emphasis, scale, proportion, unity, variety, and harmony. In the same way that we select words to form sentences according to rules of grammar, we use elements of design to create interiors according to established principles.

Residential and Contract Interior Design Interior design can be observed and evaluated in places where we shop, worship, do business, or obtain services such as dining in restaurants, a contemporary patio space has been added to the existing structure where natural lighting is enjoyed through retractable textile membrane vaults overhead and through commercial French doors. Furniture placement allows many diners to enjoy this sunny space, accessorized with tree trunks and large planters of greenery. Residential Interiors and Well-Being Interior design is the means to making homes pleasant and functional. In our fast-paced society, life is often filled with stress and sometimes unhappiness. Poorly planned interiors can add to this emotional burden and can be an unnecessary source of frustration. Well-planned and lovely homes are no guarantee of happiness, but a well designed interior certainly helps smooth the rough edges of life. It is also important to note that there is no relationship between the size and luxury of a home and its ability to function. The Need for Interior Design The reasons for getting involved in an interior design: New homes and buildings require complete designs. Interiors need refurbishing.

The program changes. Fashions change Design is the process of solving problems. Good interior design solutions have the power to make people feel positive in their surroundings. B)The Process of Design 1-Letter of Agreement (Contract) 2-Problem Statement 3-Research and Programming(Identifies and seeks to understand): Users Lifestyle and function Relationships Space requirements Environmental factors Mechanical considerations Psychological and sociological considerations Economic factors Design preferences Codes and restrictions 4- Writing the Program Analysis of research data Organizing the data into a written program 5-Design Development The program is implemented through: Concept development Conceptual drawings Materials and finishes boards Renderings Working drawings and specifications Execution 6-Post-occupancy Evaluation Designer Skills The interior designer today must have skills, education, training, and experience to perform a great variety of tasks, which include the following: Developing and the generating design. Preparing the documents and letters of agreement. Working with or specifying building systems, such as heating, plumbing, air-conditioning, and all aspects of lighting. knowledge of all types of materials, finishes, and furnishings. Preparing working drawings. Overseeing the execution, installation, and completion of all contracted areas of the design project. Knowledge of construction methods. Visual &Verbal communication skills.

Training and Professional Development Basic and creative arts such as two- and three-dimensional design, fine, and applied arts. Design theory, human factors, and spatial composition. Residential and contract design. Design for special populations (handicapped, elderly, etc.), special problems (environmental, etc.), and special purposes (historic preservation, adaptive reuse). Design materials (textiles, lighting, furniture, color). Technical knowledge such as structure and construction, building systems, energy conservation, detailing, materials, laws, building codes, and ordinances. Communication skills, such as verbal, written, and visual presentation, drafting, and computer systems. Professional practice and organization and specification skills. History of art, architecture, interiors, furnishings, and materials. Research methodologies, survey, literature search, and observation. Computer application. How to Get Your Client or Project Brief? 1)List up all the project's details address, number of rooms, number of family members, pets, lifestyle (professional, family orientated, teenagers with lots of friends, babies, loads of pets, retired and relaxed, home office etc) current style of the house, the type of construction, the budget, the overall content of the project (ie renovate the kitchen and bathrooms). 2)Take one item at a time and expand on them For example Family Members - how many? What ages? What are their needs? This is especially important for the bathroom area - privacy, showers, baths, double basins, additional toilets etc. Current Style of the house. The type of construction, this is vitally important for structural purposes, for example you may want to put granite bench tops in the kitchen, these are extremely heavy and if you had a timber framed floor would need additional engineering support for the floor 3) The Budget this is a major part of the brief, a good designer brings their project in on budget, this keeps everyone happy! It means that when you do your initial planning you are realistic as to what materials, fittings and fixtures are affordable, and you can set a priority list and use it to get the best quality project for your money. 4) The Overall Changes/ the scope of work What do you want to do with your renovations. Is it simply a repaint with new carpet, drapes and furniture or more extensive construction and cabinetry work involved. List up what you want to achieve, what changes are required and to what rooms, what contractors will be involved and their input. This all helps when you want to define your budget and start prioritizing. 5) Lifestyle this is important when it comes to finding the right style of decoration. You need to find out how the occupiers of the home work on a daily basis. It is no use having a stark white kitchen with clean sleek horizontal surfaces when you have toddlers and babies and you spend all day making food for them. Getting everything out and

putting it away again and again. You need something with user friendly appliance storage, easy access and a more softened look if you are going to spend most of the day in the kitchen. Same thing for a mass of teenagers you would need to allow a large space for a huge refrigerator as they will also eat all day! 6) The most important part - the aesthetics What style or look you or your client wants to achieve. This can also be the most difficult as it is the creative side of decoration. All the rest has been "accounting" lists and numbers, vitally important to any project but not the fun side of decorating that we all enjoy.

A) The Principles of Design Scale. Overall size, such as the largeness or smallness of a room, object, or pattern. Proportion. Size relationship or ratio of parts to whole, such as the size of a chair in relation to the size of its arms. Balance. Equilibrium achieved by arranging components symmetrically, asymmetrically, or radially. Rhythm. Flow of elements, usually organized according to a scheme such as repetition or alternation, progression or gradation, transition, opposition or contrast, or radiation. Emphasis. Enhancement that produces a point of interest or focal point in a design. Harmony. Compatibility of elements to create a pleasing whole, achieved through unity and variety. 1) SCALE * actual and relative size and visual weight. *generally categorized as small or light, medium, large or heavy, or grand (extra large). *One of the goals of pleasing interior design is to select furnishings that are in scale with one another. *In choosing or judging scale, perhaps the most important consideration is human scale. * Pattern and ornament visually determine scale. A pattern with large motifs may appear visually heavy or massive, while a pattern of the same overall dimensions filled with small motifs and empty areas will appear smaller-scaled overall. *color will affect our impression of scale. Bright, bold colors will appear larger than light, pastel ones. *small-scale furnishings are used in small interiors and large-scale furnishings are used in large or lofty interiors.

2) Proportion Proportion is closely related to scale and is usually expressed in terms of the size relationship of parts to one another and to the whole. *Proportion deals with shapes and forms and their dimensions. For example, the relationship of a chair seat or back to its base or arms or that of the size and scale of the tabletop to its legs. 3) Balance *Balance is equilibrium, or the arrangement of objects physically or visually to reach a state of stability. * Balance is important because of the human need for balance in our lives. 3-1) Symmetrical Balance * Symmetrical balance is also known as formal, bisymmetrical, or passive balance. *Symmetrical balance creates a mirror image by the placement of items that are exactly the same on both sides of a central point. *Bisymmetrical balance is passive because it requires no judgment; we know exactly what to expect. *Much classical design from the Greeks and Romans to the Renaissance, Baroque, and subsequent periodswas symmetrical. 3-2) Asymmetrical Balance *Asymmetrical balance is also known as informal, active, optical, or occult balance. Asymmetrical balance can be accomplished in two ways: 1)Dissimilar objects can be placed at varying distances from the center point. 2. Objects of similar visual weight or form may be balanced at equal distance from an imaginary central dividing line. 3-3) Radial Balance Radial balance is a state of equilibrium based on the circle. It is seen as chairs surrounding a round table or as concentric circles in a chandelier or lighting fixture.

4) Rhythm In interior design, rhythm carries the eye along a path at a pace determined by the elements that illustrate it. For example, rhythm might be found in the repetitive use of a color, pattern, texture, line, or furniture piece or style. Architectural detail such as stairs, window panes, and moldings illustrate rhythm. There are five types of rhythm: 1. Repetition and alternation 2. Progression or gradation 3. Transition 4. Opposition or contrast 5. Radiation Progression or gradation 4-3)Transition is a rhythm that leads the eye without interruption from one point to another. Rhythm by transition can be established by a continuous line, usually an architectural element such as a crown or dado molding or an

arched doorway. 4-5) Radiation, closely related to radial balance, is the final type of rhythm. Rhythm established by radiating concentric or spoke like lines or forms can be dramatic and impressive. 4-4) Opposition, or contrast, is an abrupt change that forms interesting, repetitive rhythm and is seen in three ways 5) Emphasis Emphasis is the creation of a focal pointan area visually important enough to draw and hold attention. Examples of dramatic, demanding focal points include a beautiful fireplace, a view from a window (or even an art glass window), a wall of dramatic art, or an impressive piece or grouping of furniture 6) Harmony: Variety and Unity -Unity suggests a oneness and uniformity an identity that establishes a master plan. Unity is the goal that is being sought and, hopefully, achieved when all the various elements and furnishings are brought together. Unity can be achieved by carrying out a cohesive color scheme or by keeping the character and style of the furniture consistent.. -Variety is the absence of monotony or sameness, yet it is much more. Variety is a healthy, positive influence that brings about vitality, interest, and diversity. It can be seen through a selection of differing colors, textures, furniture and accessory styles, through the contrast of hard materials with soft materials, and through the combination of seemingly divergent old (historic) and new (modern) architecture and furnishings. Yet variety without some order or a master plan can become confusing and dissonant.

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