Data are values of a qualitative or quantitative variables, belonging to a set of items.

Data in computing (or data processing) are often represented by a combination of items organized in rows and multiple variables organized in columns. Data are typically the results of measurements and can be visualised using graphs or images.

Collection of unprocessed items text,numbers,images,audio.

Servers, databases, and database objects, such as tables, views, columns, indexes, triggers, procedures, constraints, and rules, can have identifiers. Identifiers are required for most objects, but are optional for some objects such as constraints. An object identifier is created when the object is defined. The identifier is then used to reference the object. For example, the following statement creates a table with the identifier TableX, and two columns with the identifiersKeyCol and Description : CREATE TABLE TableX (KeyCol INT PRIMARY KEY, Description nvarchar(80)) Data structure is a particular way of storing and organizing data in a computer so that it can be used efficiently. Data structures provide a means to manage huge amounts of data efficiently, such as large databases and internet indexing services. A bit (a contraction of binary digit) is the basic unit of information in computing and telecommunications; it is the amount of information stored by a digital device or other physical system that exists in one of two possible distinctstates.

Processors

Single precision floating-point format (32bit) Double precision floating-point format (64bit) Quadruple precision floating-point format (128-bit)

1-

4-

8-

12- 16- 18- 24- 31- 32- 36- 48- 60- 64- 128bit bit bit bit bit bit bit bit bit bit

bit bit bit bit

Applications

8bit

16bit

32bit

64bit

Data sizes

bit nibble octet byte

halfword word dword qword

IEEE floating-point standard

The byte is a unit of digital information in computing and telecommunications that most commonly consists of eight bits. Historically, a byte was the number of bits used to encode a single character of [1][2] and for this reason it is the basic addressable element in many computer text in a computer architectures.

Prefixes for multiples of bits (b) or bytes (B) Decimal Value SI 1000 k kilo 10002 M mega 1000 G giga 1000 T tera 1000 P peta 10006 E exa 10007 Z zetta 1000 Y yotta
8 5 4 3

Binary Value JEDEC IEC 1024 K kilo Ki kibi 10242 M mega Mi mebi 10243 G giga Gi gibi 10244 10245 10246 10247 10248 Ti tebi Pi pebi Ei exbi Zi zebi Yi yob

A record is a group of related fields A primary key uniquely identifies each record

A data file is a collection of related records

A field is a combination of one or more related characters Field name Field size Data Type

 A computer file is a block of arbitrary information, or resource for storing information, which is available to a computer program and is usually based on some kind of durable storage. Database is a collection of data organized in manner that allows access,retrieval,and use of data. Variable
A symbol or name that stands for a value. Variables play an important role in computer programming because they enable programmers to write flexible programs. Rather than entering datadirectly into a program, a programmer can use variables to represent the data. Then, when the program is executed, the variables are replaced with real data. This makes it possible for the same program to process different sets of data.