Syllabi for Pre PhD/Pre M.

Phil/Pre MS

W.e.f. 2005-2006 Batch

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
[SPECIALISATION CODE: 11]

PAPER-I (Common Paper)

S.NO

SUBJECT NAME

SUBJECT CODE

PRINCIPLES OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

R 51101

Syllabi for Pre PhD/Pre M.Phil/Pre MS

W.e.f. 2005-2006 Batch

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
[SPECIALISATION CODE: 11]

PAPER-II (Choose Any ONE Subject)

S.NO 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

14 15 16

SUBJECT NAME AIR POLLUTION CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY ECOLOGY AND ECOTOXICOLOGY EIA AND ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING ENERGY RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESMENT ENVIRONMENTAL BIOTECHNOLOGY ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY ENVIRONMENTAL ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY GEODESY AND GPS GROUNDWATER POLLUTION MODELLING INSTRUMENTAL METHODS OF ANALYSIS PRIMARY WATER TREATMENT PROCESSES, ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION, HEALTH AND LEGAL ASPECTS REMOTE SENSING AND GIS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SOLID WASTE AND HAZAEDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT WASTE WATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES

SUBJECT CODE R 51151 R 51152 R 51153 R 51154

R 51155 R 51156 R 51157 R 51158 R 51159 R 51160 R 51161 R 51162 R 51163 R 51164 R 51165 R 51166

Syllabi for Pre PhD/Pre M.Phil/Pre MS

W.e.f. 2005-2006 Batch Subject Code: R51101

PRINCIPLES OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

1. Ecology, Environment and Energy Resources Principles of ecology; ecosystem-structure and functions; biomes and biodiversity; biogeochemical cycles; environment-management and pollution; sustainable development; energy resourcesrenewable and non-renewable. 2. Environmental chemistry, Environmental health and Toxicology Environmental segments-atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere; Chemical interactions; Toxic chemicals in environment; Environmental health hazards; Biochemical effects- arsenic, lead, mercury, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, sulphur dioxide, ozone and PAN, cyanide, pesticides; Measuring toxicity and Risk assessment. 3. Water resources Pollution and Treatment processes Water resources-availability and use; Water management and conservation; Water pollution-types, sources and Impacts; Water pollutants-types and measurement/analysis; Water and wastewater treatment processes-primary, secondary and tertiary treatment; Sludge treatment and disposal. 4. Air pollution and Control Technologies Air pollution-types and sources; Air pollutants-classification and properties; Meteorological aspects of air pollution; Air pollution-sampling and measurement; Control methods-particulate and gaseous emissions; Automobile pollution. 5. EIA, Environmental Law and Policy Concept of EIA; EIA methodologies; Impact prediction and assessment-air, water, biological, socio-economic; Concepts of Environmental Audit; Environmental education; Environmental Policy; Environmental Law and regulations; Citizen participation. 6. Solid and Hazardous Waste Management Waste-definition and types; Generation; Collection; Segregation; Transport; Treatment; Disposal methods; Waste processing and management; Creation of TSDF; Impacts of waste; Legal and administrative regulations. 7. Fundamentals of Remote sensing and GIS Maps and map reading; Basic concepts of Remote sensing; Physics of Remote sensing; Image Interpretation-Fundamentals and Techniques; GIS-Definition, components and fundamental operations; Data-collection, input and management; Data quality; Applications to Environmental management. 8. Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology Microorganisms-Diversity, growth and nutritional requirements; Control of microorganismsPhysical and Chemical agents; Microorganisms in industry and agriculture. SUGGESTED BOOKS:
1. Ecology 2. Environmental Chemistry 3. A Text Book of Environmental 4. Water Supply and Sanitary Engg. 5. Waste Water Treatment 6. Remote Sensing and GIS 7. Environmental Remote Sensing 8. Principles of GIS for Land 9. Microbiology E.P. Odum, 1983, Holt-Saunders International Edition A.K. De, New Age Intt. Pub. Co., New Delhi, 1990 C.S. Rao, Wiley Eastern Limited., 1993 Pollution and Control G.S> Birdie & J.S. Birdie, Dhanpath Raj & Sons Publishers, 6th Edition, 1993 Metcalf & Eddy M. Anji Reddy F. Mark Danson Burrough P.A. Resources Assessment Pelczar Reid & Chan, Tata Mc Graw Hill Publishing Company Ltd., 1996

Syllabi for Pre PhD/Pre M.Phil/Pre MS

W.e.f. 2005-2006 Batch Subject Code: R51151

AIR POLLUTION CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES

A. AIR POLLUTION : I. Classification and properties of air pollutants - emission sources - major emissions from Global sources - importance of anthropogenic sources - behaviour and fate of air pollutants photochemical smog - effects of air pollution - health, vegetation and materials damage in India. II. Air pollution laws and standards. Global climatic and air pollution problems - greenhouse gases - acid rain - stratospheric ozone depletion. III. Meteorological aspects of air pollution dispersions - Temperature laps Rates and Stability wind velocity and turbulence - Plume behavior dispersion of air pollutants - solutions to the atmospheric dispersion equation - the Gaussian Plume Model. IV. Air pollution sampling and measurement - types of pollutant sampling and measurement Ambient air sampling - collection of gaseous air pollutants - collection of particulate pollutants stock sampling, analysis of air pollutants - sulfur dioxide - nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, oxidants and ozone - hydrocarbons - particulate matter. B. AIR POLLUTION CONTROL METHODS: V. Control of sulphur dioxide emission - desulphurization of flue gases - dry methods - wet scrubbing methods - control of nitrogen oxides - modification of operating conditions modification of design conditions - effluent gas treatment methods - carbon monoxide control control of hydrocarbons - mobile sources. C. AIR POLLUTION FROM AUTOMOBILES: VI. Genesis of Vehicular emissions - Natural Pollution - Gasification of Vehicles - Point sources of Air Pollution from automobiles - Fuel tank, carburettor, crank case - Exhaust emissions Mechanism of Origin of air pollution from automobiles - Automobile air pollution - Indian Scenario - Population and pollution loads of vehicles - Automobile Pollution Control - Control at sources - Exhaust gas treatment devices - Alternate fuels comparison - Thermal Reactor - Catalytic Converter - Automobile Emission Control - Legal measures. D. NOISE POLLUTION: VII. Nature of Noise & Introduction - Effects of Noise on people - sources of Noise - Comparison of Noise and Air Pollutants - Assessment and measurement of sound - Basic Principles of Noise Control. E. AIR QUALITY MODELLING AND MANAGEMENT: VIII. Air quality assessment-conceptual frame work for air quality management-preparation of airshed discharge standards-background air quality and materiological conditions-determination of air pollution dispersion potential-air quality modeling-data requirements for air quality modelingmodeling procedures TEXT BOOKS & REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Text book of Air pollution and Control Technologies, Y. Anjaneyulu, Allied Publishers, 2002 Environmental Pollution Control, C.S.Rao, Wiley Eastern Ltd.,1993 Air Pollution, M.N.Rao McGraw Hill 1993. Air Pollution Control and Engineering, De Nevers, Mc Graw? Hills, 1993 Fundamentals of Air Pollution, Samuel, J.W., 1971, Addison Wesley Publishing Fundamentals of Environmental Pollution, Krishnan Khannan S.Chand & Company Ltd.,1994. Environmental Air Analysis, Trivedi & Kudesia, Akashdeep Pub.1992 Noise Pollution,Vandana Pandey, Meerut Publishers,1995 Air Pollution by T.Shivaji Rao,Lavanya lata Pub. 1988.

Subject Code: R51152

ECOLOGY & ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY

Syllabi for Pre PhD/Pre M.Phil/Pre MS A. ECOLOGY

W.e.f. 2005-2006 Batch

1. Scope of ecology in environmental management. Physical, chemical, environmental factors and their relation to organisms. Climatic Factors: Interaction of ecological factors light temperature. Precipitation- Humidity -Wind - Atmospheric gases -Fire factor. 2. Topographic (Physiographic) factors . Edaphic Factors (Soil Science) Composition of soil-formation of soil-Factors affecting soil formation-soil profile Soil classification- Soil complex-components and properties-Soil erosion - soil conservation. 3. Structure and Function of Ecosystem Energy flow producers herbivores - carnivores decomposers food webs biogeochemical cycles resource regeneration. Population ecology: Relation within species, population growth, population dynamics positive and negative growth, biopotential, agricultural structure, equilibrium position, oscillation and fluctuation. Major Ecosystems: Pond , Marine, Grassland, Forest, Desert and Cropland ecosystems - Productivity of different ecosystems. Ecosystem Modelling B. ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY

4. Unique properties of water characteristics of water, waste and soil water pollution, oxygen demanding wastes - Significance of various parameters qualifying the quality of water and wastes. 5. Methods of analyses for important pollution parameters various instrumental methods used in analysis. 6. Estimation and Significance of acidityalkalinity hardness- turbidity-suspended and dissolved solids- B.O.D. and C.O.D. and significance chlorides fluorides ammonia nitrite nitrate total nitrogen phosphates sodium potassium calcium magnesium iron manganese heavy metals pesticides carbon monoxide carbon dioxide methane.

TEXT BOOKS & REFERENCE BOOKS: 1. Concepts of Ecology. E.J.Kormondey, 1984. Indian reprint 1991 Prentice-Hall 2.. Ecology & Environment, P.D.Sharma, Ashish publications,1994. 3. Environmental Chemistry by B.K.Sharma S.H.Kaur Goel Publishing House, 1992. 4. Environmental Chemistry, A.K.De.,New Age Intl. pub Co,New Delhi, 1990 5. Chemistry for Environmental Engineering,C.N.Sawyer and P L Mc Carty, Mc Kogakusha ltd., 1990 6. Introduction to Ecology, Paul Colinvaux, 1973. Wiley International Edition. 7 Fundamentals of Ecology, E.P. Odum, 1971. W.B.Saunders & Co. of India. Meerut,

Graw Hill

Subject Code: R51153

ECOLOGY AND ECOTOXICOLOGY

1. Definition and scope of ecology: Physical, chemical, environmental factors and their relation to organisms. ntroduction of Ecotoxicology, framework and legislation. I

2.

Ecosystem Ecology: Structure and function of an Ecosystem- Ecological energetic-Energy flow in ecosystem food chain, role of producers and consumers, methods of calculating energies in the ecosystems. Ecological adaptation- Autecology of species.

Syllabi for Pre PhD/Pre M.Phil/Pre MS 3.

W.e.f. 2005-2006 Batch

Major Ecosystems: Pond ecosystem-Marine ecosystem-Grassland ecosystem-Forest ecosystem-Desert ecosystem-Cropland ecosystem-productivity of different ecosystems-primary production in terrestrial ecosystems- secondary production. Biodiversity and its conservation: Current levels of biodiversity; alpha and beta biodiversity; extinction and endangered species; steps to preserve biodiversity; insitu and ex-situ conservation gene banks; species conservation. Environmental Pollutants: Pollutant types, Routes of uptake and modes of action, Environmental factors modifying the activity of toxicants, Inorganic gaseous pollutants, Heavy metals and Pesticides. Ecological effects of Toxicants: Bioaccumulation, biotransformation, biomagnification and detoxification, Molecular and physiological indicators of chemical stress - biomarkers, Enzymatic and biochemical processes, Physiological and histological indicators, Sentinel species. Toxicity Testing Methods: Toxicity evaluation methods: LC50 and LD50, Static, renewal and flow-through bioassay techniques, Short-term and long term exposure studies. Industrial Toxicology, Epidemology and Occupational Health: a) Industrial Toxicology: Introduction, Industrial Hygiene, Health Hazards of Industrial Pollutants Neurotoxicity, Reproductive Toxicity and Chemical Carcinogenesis; b) Epidemology: Aim, approach, mortality, natality, morbidity, rates, ratios and measurements, epidemiological types and methods; c) Occupational Health: occupational environment, occupational hazards (physical, chemical, biological, mechanical and psychological) occupational diseases physical, chemical and biological agents, Pneumoconiosis, Silicosis, Anthracosis, Byrinossis, Bagassosis, Asbestosis, Farmers lung.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

Syllabi for Pre PhD/Pre M.Phil/Pre MS TEXT BOOKS & REFERENCE BOOKS: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

W.e.f. 2005-2006 Batch

Concepts of Ecology. E.J.Kormondey, 1984, Indian reprint 1991 Prentice Hall of India. Basic Ecology, E.P. Odum, 1983, Holt-Saunders International Edition. Ecology & Environment, P.D.Sharma, Ashish publications, 1994. Introduction to Environmental Toxicology Wayne G.Landi Ming-Ho Yu. Methods of Toxicology Paget G.E. Pattys Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology, Ed.by Lewis J.Cralley, Lester V. Cralley, James S.Bus. Textbook of preventive and soil Medicine K.Park. Introduction to Ecology, Paul Colinvaux, 1973. Wiley International Edition.

Syllabi for Pre PhD/Pre M.Phil/Pre MS

W.e.f. 2005-2006 Batch Subject Code: R51154

EIA AND ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING

UNIT I: FUNDAMENTAL APPROACH FOR ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT: Basic Concept of EIA, Introduction, Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) and Environmental Impact Assessment, Important Steps in EIA, Preparation of Environmental Base Map, Identification of Study Area, Classification of Environmental Parameters, Impact Analysis, Comparative Evaluation Alternatives from EIA Studies

UNIT II: EIA METHODOLOGIES: Introduction, EIA methods, List of Environmental EIA
Methods, Ad-hoc Methods, Check List Methodologies, Matrix Methods, Network Methods, Environmental Media Quality Index Method, Overlay methods, Cost/Benefit Analysis, Simulation Modeling Workshops UNIT III: ASSESSMENT OF IMPACTS OF DEVELOPMENTAL ACTIVITIES AND LAND USE: Introduction, Methodology for the Assessment of Soil and Groundwater, Delineation of study area, Identification of Activities, Description of Existing Soil /Ground water Resources Soil characteristics, Procurement of Relevant Soil Quantity, Impact prediction, Assessment of Impact Significance, Identification and Incorporation of mitigation Measures UNIT IV: ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT ON SURFACE WATER ENVIRONMENT AND AIR ENVIRIONMENT: General Methodology for the Assessment of Impacts on Surface Water Environment, Projects which Create Impact Concerns for the Surface Water Environment, and Systematic methods. Basic Information on Air Pollution, Air Pollution sources A Generalized Approach for Assessment of Air Pollution Impact. UNIT V: NOISE IMPACTS AND ASSESSMENT: Importance of noise impact on environment and assessment; sources of noise; sound pressure levels (SPL) and decibels (dB); weighted sound levels; standards; noise exposure forecast; noise levels and land uses; temporary and permanent impacts on humans, their activity; on materials, bio-tissues etc;on communication systems; scaling of different noise levels; mitigation techniques. UNIT VI: PREDICTION AND ASSESSMENT: Prediction and Assessment of Impacts on the Socio-Economic Environment, Preparation of EIA for some Typical Development Activity, Preparation of EIA for Industrial Projects, Environmental Impacts of Industrial Development, Management Requirement for the Preparation of EIA for Industrial Projects, Preparation of EIA for Land Clearing Projects, Environmental Impacts of Land Clearing in Upland Forests, Preparation of EIA for Gas Based Power Stations, Preparation of EIA for Highways and Road Projects. UNIT VII: MITIGATION METHODS: Considering alternatives that cause only lower impacts; phasing the operations that cause impacts during the production; installation of newly designed anti-pollution machinery; incorporating absorbers for gases, noise etc.and shock& vibration proof mountings; enforcing strict laws governing emissions and noise generation; adoption of comprehensive Environment Management Plan (EMP). UNIT VIII: ENVIRONMENTAL AUDIT: Objectives of Environmental Audit, Advantages of Environmental Audit, Types of Environmental Audit including energy audit, Important aspects of Effective Environmental Auditing, Audit protocol, Stags of Environmental Audit, On-Site Activities. TEXT BOOKS:
Y.Anjaneyulu: Environmental Impact Assessment Methodologies, BS Pub. 2002.

Syllabi for Pre PhD/Pre M.Phil/Pre MS

W.e.f. 2005-2006 Batch Subject Code: R51155

ENERGY RESOURCES & ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

A. ENERGY 1. Energy theoretical treatment of energy the first and second laws of thermodynamics energy population and free energy converting heat into work reversible processes converting heat to work carnot efficiency conversion of matter into more useful forms storage, distribution and conversion of energy synthetic chemical fuels the electrochemical energy conversion net energy conservation of free energy the energy balance of the earth. ENERGY RESOURCES 2. Non renewable energy resources: Fossil fuels origin and development of coal coal fired power plants cleaner coal combusion origin and reserves of petroleum and natural gas composition and classification of petroleum petroleum refining environmental problems associated with petroleum. 3. Renewable energy resources: New developing renewable energy sources nuclear fission reactors fission power and the environment solar energy collection and storage -, present scenario in India, wind energy and management, tidal energy and management geothermal energy, bio-gas plants and energy, management. 4. Direct energy conservation: need for DEC thermo-electric generators, Seeback, Peltier and Joule-Thomson effects, materials, applications, MHD generators, principles, dissociation and ionization, Hall effect, magnetic flux, MHD accelerator, engine, power generation systems, electron-gas dynamic conversion, economic aspects. Fuel cells, principal, Faradays laws, selection of fuels and operation and applications. 5. Energy conservation and audit: Economic considerations; principles of energy conservation; types of energy audit; waste heat utilization, combined cycle power generation, energy saving devices and machinery in domestic use, space heating-cooling; heat exchangers; replacement of high energy drawing devices with low energy substitutes eg. CFLs. B. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT 6. Conceptual of Environmental Impact Assessment - framework of environmental assessment description of environmental setting simple methods for impact identification matrices, networks, and checklists background information interaction matrix methodologies network methodologies checklist methodologies. 7. Prediction and assessment of impact of air, water (surface and ground), biological, socio economic environment - Basic information and issues regulations conceptual approach identification of the types and quantities of pollutants existing quality conditions procurement of relevant quality standards and regulations - impact prediction assessment of impact significance identification and incorporation of mitigation measures. 8. Concepts of environmental audit objectives of audit - Types of Audits - Features of Effective auditing - Programme Planning - Definition - Organisation of Auditing Programme - pre visti data collection Audit Protocol - Onsite Audit - Data Sampling - Inspections - Evaluation and presentation Exit Interview - Audit Report - Action Plan - Other types of Audits - Management of Audits - Waste Management Contractor Audits - Related Audits. TEXT BOOKS & REFERENCE BOOKS:

Syllabi for Pre PhD/Pre M.Phil/Pre MS W.e.f. 2005-2006 Batch 1. Renewable Energy Environment and Development, Maheswar Dayal Konark Publishers Pvt.Ltd. 2. Environmental Impact Assessment, Canter, L.W., 1977, McGraw Hills New York. 3. Energy Resources by J.J. McMullan, R. Morgan and R.B. Murray 1983. 4. Energy sources, resources and options M.N. Sastri Himalaya Publishing House, 1992. 5. Energy for a sustainable world, J. Goldenbery, T.B. Johanson, Amulya K. Reddy & Robert Williams, Wiley Eastern Ltd., 1983 6. Cahill L.B. Environmental Audits, Govt. Industries. 7. Handbook of variables of environmental impact assessment Ann Arbor Science 1979. 8. Energy Education, Beena Shah 1990.

Syllabi for Pre PhD/Pre M.Phil/Pre MS

W.e.f. 2005-2006 Batch Subject Code: R51156

ENVIRONMENTAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
I.
II.

Introduction to Environmental Biotechnology: Scope and importance

Microorganisms and energy requirements of mankind: production of non-conventional fuels methane (biogas), hydrogen and alcohol. Use of microorganisms in petroleum augmentation and recovery. III. Mining and Metal Biotechnology: Microbial transformation, accumulation and concentration of metals, metal leaching, extraction and future prospects. IV. Microorganisms as Food: Microbial production of food (SCP), essential prerequisites for organisms to be used as SCP & as food and feed supplements. Microbial production of flavors and food colorants. V. Biological Control: Microbial control of plants, plant pests, pathogens and insects. Microorganisms and Microbial Products. Biological treatment of waste waters: Aerobic and anaerobic treatment: relative advantages and disadvantages, Activated sludge process, trickling filters, RBC, Oxidation pond, UASB, etc. VI. Exploitation of Microorganisms for soil fertility: Biological nitrogen fixation and biofertiliser phosphate solubilization, VAM fungi and crop productivity. VII. Bioremediation: What is bioremediation? Bioattenuation, engineered bioremediation. Biostimulation and bioaugmentation. In situ, exsitu bioremediation. Specific bioremediation technologies: bioventing, biosparging, land farming, prepared beds, soil biopiles, biofilters, composting. Use of bioreactors for bioremediation. VIII. Biotechnology and Intellectual Properties: Intellectual property rights (IPR) and protection (IPP), patents, trade secrets, copyrights, trade marks, GATT and TRIPS. National biodiversity act. TEXT BOOKS & REFERENCE BOOKS: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Elements of biotechnology,1995.P.K.GUPTA RASTOGI CO Industrial microbiology-casida,wiley Eastern punlishers,1994. Industrial microbiology-prescott and dunn. Biochemical Engineering Fundamental 2nd ed .By J.E. Bailey and D.F.Ollis, Mc Graw Hill (1986). Biotechnology A new industrial revolution Prentis S.Orbis Publishing Ltd., London. Introduction to biotechnology K.S.Bilgram and Pandey A.K. 1992 CBS Publ. & Distributors, Delhi.

Syllabi for Pre PhD/Pre M.Phil/Pre MS

W.e.f. 2005-2006 Batch Subject Code: R51157

ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY
1. Basic Chemical Concepts for Environmental Studies: Stoichiometry- Chemical Equilibrium - Acid Base Reactions - Solubility product - Solubility of gases in water - The Carbonate System. Atmosphere: Structure and composition of atmosphere, temperature inversion- Climatic factors, Topographic factors, Atmosphere photo-chemistry, ozone depletion, Green House Effect , CFC 's SMOG, Acid Rain. Hydrosphere: Water resources, hydrological cycle, unique physical and chemical properties of water, complexation in natural and waste water, role of microorganisms in aquatic chemical reactions, redox reactions, nitrogen transformation (Nitrification , Nitrate reduction, Denitrification)-cyano bacteria, Eutrophication, Fe & Mn Bacteria. Lithosphere: Composition of lithosphere, soil, inorganic and organic compounds in soil, micro and macro nutrients, ion exchange in soils, soil pH, Trace Elements in Soil, Organic matter in soil, Macro-nutrients in soil, Nitrogen pathways and NPK in soil . Introduction-Cyclic pathways in Environment-N,P & CO2 cycles. Environmental Toxicology: Introduction, toxicology evaluation methods-LD50, LC50 pesticide, Toxic chemicals in the environment - Impact of toxic chemicals on Enzymes Biochemical effects of arsenic Biochemical effects of lead - biochemical effects of mercury - biochemical effects of carbon monoxide - biochemical effects of Nitrogen oxides Biochemical effects of sulphur dioxide Biochemical effects of ozone and pan - Biochemical effects of cyanide - Biochemical effects of pesticides - Carcinogens.

2.

3.

4.

5. 6.

TEXT BOOKS REFERENCE BOOKS: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Environmental Chemistry, Moore, W.A. and Moore E.A. Environmental Chemistry by B.K.Sharma S.H.Kaur Goel Publishing House, Meerut, 1992. Environmental Chemistry, A.K.De.,New Age Intl. pub Co,NewDelhi, 1990. .Introduction to Environmental Engineering and Science- Gilbert M.Masters, Prentice Hall of India,1992 Chemistry and the Environment, Johnson, D.O:, Netterville, J.T.,Wood, J.C., and James, M.,1973, W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia. Toxic Chemicals, health and the Environment, Lave, L.B and Upton, A.C. 1987. The Hopkins Press Ltd., London. Chemistry for Environmental Engineering,C.N.Sawyer and P L Mc Carty, Mc Graw Hill Kogakusha ltd., 1990

Syllabi for Pre PhD/Pre M.Phil/Pre MS

W.e.f. 2005-2006 Batch Subject Code: R51158

ENVIRONMENTAL ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT

1. Definition and scope of ecology: Physical,chemical, environmental factors and their relation to organisms. Climatic Factors: Environmental complex-Interaction of ecological factors-Light factor-Temperature factor- Precipitation (rain fall)-Humidity of Air-Atmosphere-Gases and Wind-Atmospheric gases- Wind factor-Fire factor. Topographic (Physiographic) Factors: Height of mountain chains-Direction of mountains and valleys-Steepness of slope- Exposure of slope. Edaphic Factors (Soil Science): Importance of soil- Definition and composition of soil-Formation (origin) of soil-Factors affecting soil formation-soil profile-Some processes in soil formation-Characteristic to the climate type-Soil classification- Soil complex-components and properties-Soil erosion- Soil conservation. Ecological adaptations-Autecology Bioindicators) of species-Environmental Monitoring (Role of

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

Population ecology: Relation within species, population growth, population dynamics positive and negative growth, bio potential, agricultural structure, equilibrium position, oscillation and fluctuation. Ecosystem Ecology - Structure and functions of an Ecosystem- Ecological energetic-Energy flow in ecosystem Food chain, role of producers and consumers, Methods of calculating energies in the ecosystems-Nutrient cycles in ecosystem- Atmospheric cycles- Edaphic cycles. Major Ecosystems: Pond ecosystem-Marine ecosystem-Grassland ecosystem-Forest ecosystem-Desert ecosystem-Cropland ecosystem-Productivity of different ecosystems-Primary production in terrestrial ecosystems-Secondary ecosystem. Ecosystem modeling - Environmental Resources Utilisation and Management, Sustainable Development-Gandhian Development model

7.

8.

9.

TEXT BOOKS & REFERENCE BOOKS: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Concepts of Ecology. E.J.Kormondey, 1984. Indian reprint 1991 Prentice-Hall of India. Basic Ecology, E.P. Odum, 1983, Holt-Saunders International Edition. Ecology & Environment, P.D.Sharma, Ashish publications,1994. Introduction to Ecology, Paul Colinvaux, 1973. Wiley International Edition. Fundamentals of Ecology, E.P. Odum, 1971. W.B.Saunders & Co

Subject Code: R51159

ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
I. Introduction to Environmental Microbiology: What is environmental microbiology? Origin, scope and importance. Diversity of microorganisms: Prokaryotes versus eukayotesEukaryotic and Prokaryotic cell structure, three domains of life. General characters, important uses and harmful effects of protozoa, a) algae, b) fungi, c) bacteria, d) virus.

Syllabi for Pre PhD/Pre M.Phil/Pre MS W.e.f. 2005-2006 Batch II. Nutrition of Microbes: Microbial nutrition, macronutrients, micronutrients, trace elements and growth factorrs. Nutrient media (selective, differential, enriched and enrichment) and growth conditions, Nutritional types. III. Growth of Microorganisms: Isolation, cultivation (aerobic & anaerobic) and preservation of Physiology of growth, bacterial growth curve, methods for determining bacterial numbers, mass and cell constituents. Exponential growth and generation time. Bacterial growth in batch and continuous culture (chemostat and turbidostat) microbes; Synchronisation of growth. IV. Microorganisms and their Environment: Effect of environment and adaptation strategies. Temperature, oxygen, desiccation, extreme cold, ionic effect, electricity, osmotic pressures, radiant energy, hydrostatic pressures, mechanical impact, vibration and surface forces. V. Control of Microorganisms: General concepts: Inhibition of growth and killing, sterilization and disinfection. Characteristics of an antimicrobial agent; mode of action and factors affecting antimicrobial agent. VI. Physical and Chemical agents: Physical agents: moist and dry heat, radiation and filteration. Chemical agents: Phenol and Phenolics alcohol, halogens (Cl2, Chloramines, Br2, I2, tinctures of iodine, iodophores), surfactants (soaps and detergents) alkalating agents (formald3hyde, glutaradehyde, -propiolactone and ethylene oxide) Heavy metals (Hg, Silver and copper containing compounds). Factors affecting sterilization and disinfection (moisture, organic matter, temperature pH). Evaluation of disinfectants. VII. Bioindicators: Evaluation of microbial quality of potable and recreational waters, coliforms and E.coli, fecal Streptococci, Clostridia. Plankton community as indicators of water pollution; use of diversity index in evaluation of water quality. VIII. Biosensors: Microbial biosensors, what is a biosensor? Advantages and limitations, immobilisation and membranes - the key to biosensor construction; transducer combinations; electrochemical sensors photomicrobial sensors, enzyme-immuno assay microbial biosensors glucose, acetic acid, assimilable sugar, ammonia gas, alcohol, BOD, methane and mutagen sensor. TEXT BOOKS & REFERENCE BOOKS: 1. The Microbial World 1990, Stanier, P.R., Ingraham., Wheelis, M.L and Painter, P.R.PrenticeHall of India Private Limited, New Delhi. 2. Microbiology Pelzar, Reid and Chan. Tata Mc Graw Hill Publishing company Limited, 1996. 3. Microbial Physiology Metabolism Caldwell, D.R.1995, Wm.C.Brown Publishers, Inc. 4. Microbiology, Davis, B.D., Bulbecco, R., Eisen, H.N and Ginsberg, H.S., Harper and Row Publishers, Singapore, 1992. 5. Environmental Microbiology, Maier, R.M., Pepper, I.L., and Gerba, C.P., Academic Press, 2000.

Syllabi for Pre PhD/Pre M.Phil/Pre MS

W.e.f. 2005-2006 Batch Subject Code: R51160

GEODESY AND GPS

I. Geodesy 1. Definition of Geodesy, classification, geometric geodesy, physical geodesy 2. Problem of geodesy, physical surface of the earth, the geoid, the ellipsoid 3. The ellipsoid of revolution, mathematical properties of ellipsoid of revolution, the eelipse, basic properties of ellipse. 4. Co-ordinate system of rotational ellipsoid, ellipsoid geographic co-ordinates, spatial ellipsoid co-ordinate system 5. Computations on the ellipsoid, need for a mathematical surface, reduction of baseline to reference ellipsoid, convergence of meridians, plane curves and geodetic line, calculation of co-ordinates. 6. Gravity, expression for gravity and potential, geoid undulations and deflections of vertical, measurement of gravity on earth, reduction of gravity values to mean sea level. 7. satellite geodesy: introduction, artificial satellites, satellite orbit, celestial co-ordinate system, geodetic position from known orbit, co-ordinate transformation in equatorial plane, range observations on three satellite points. II. Map Projections 1. Geometry of map projections, evolution of map projection, explanations of reference lines on earth, developable projection surfaces- cylindrical, conical, azimuthal. 2. Characteristics of map projections, standard lines, equidistant, azimuthal, equal area, conformal. 3. Equidistant projection with one standard parallel, Equidistant projection with two standard parallel, cylindrical, conical, azimuthal. 4. Equal area projections with straight meridians, cylindrical, conical and polar azimuthal. 5. Projections with one parallel, standard, sinusoidal, bonne, polyconic, orthographic. 6. Conformal projections with straight meridians, mercator, lambert conformal, conic, polar stereographic. 7. Gnomonic projection, cylindrical, conic, azimuthal, polar, equatorial. III. Global Positioning System (GPS) 2. Introduction, GPS system considerations, technological advances. 3. GPS system components- space segment, control segment, user segment. 4. GPS positioning principles, 2-D case and 3-D case. 5. GPS signal components- L1 carrier, L2 carrier, C/A code, P code, navigation message. 6. GPS positioning- single point positioning, differential global positioning system, measuring one-way range, computation of satellite ephemeries, satellite geometry. 7. GPS Mathematical model pseudo range mathematical model, baseline data computation, co-ordinate change and satellite positions. 8. GPS Instrumentation- components of GPS receiver,- Antenna and preamplifier, radio frequency section and computer processor, control unit interface, recording device, power supply. 9. GPS applications- application of GPS techniques- surveying and mapping, alignment surveys, vehicle navigation (air, land and sea).

Syllabi for Pre PhD/Pre M.Phil/Pre MS

W.e.f. 2005-2006 Batch

TEXT BOOKS & REFERENCE BOOKS: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Torge, W.Geodesy, De Gruyter, Berlin, 1991. Bomford, G, Geodesy, Oxford Science Pub. 1980 Peter Vanicek and Edward J Krakiwsky. Geodesy: The Concepts, Elesevier Science Pub. Hand book of Topography, Survey of India. 1989. Seeber, G. Satellite Geodesy, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, 1993. Hofmann wellenhof, B. Lichtenegger, H. and Collins, J. Global positioning system, Springer - Verlag, New york, 1994.

Syllabi for Pre PhD/Pre M.Phil/Pre MS

W.e.f. 2005-2006 Batch Subject Code: R51161

GROUNDWATER POLLUTION MODELLING

1. Hydrologic cycle concepts of evaporation, transpiration evapotransipiraion infiltration precipitation, percolation and groundwater recharge, runoff and overland flow, inteflow. Groundwater flow, porosity and specific yields, vertical distribution of soil. Transimissivity and storagecoefficient and their physical significance, tracer techniques in ground water, types of aquifers confined and unconfined, Ddarcys law, groundwater flow contours and their applications. Basic differential equation and its physical significance Determination of T&S in confined and unconfined aquifers artificial recharge of ground water, salt water intrusion into the coastal aquifers and its remediation. Sorption and other chemical reactions: introduction, the concept of sorption, factor influencing sorption, sorption Isotherm, Hydrophobic theory for organic contaminants. sorption effects on fate and transport of pollutants. Contaminant transport mechanisms and modeling: Introduction, advection processes, diffusion and dispersion processes, Mass transport equations, one dimensional models, governing flow and transport equation in two dimensions, semi-analytical methods, test for dispersitivity Natural gradient field teat for dispersion, ground water flow model and solute transport modeling techniques. Urban water management: Introduction Estimation of urban water quality Elements governing urban run-off-Drainage of urban areas- storm sewer layout and design. Computation of strum water run-off, storage, treatment and overflows Estimating urban storm water pollutant loads- floods and urban water pollution problems pollutant settleability. Urban road drainage. Air port drainage.

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REFERENCE BOOKS: 1. 2. 3. Ground water Hydrology by D.K.Todd John Wiley & sons Ground water contamination (Transport and remediation) by Philp bedient, Hanadi. S.Rifai & Charles. Publishers: Prentice Hall. Environmental Hydrology by Andy. D. Ward and William J.Elliot, Lewis Publishers.

Syllabi for Pre PhD/Pre M.Phil/Pre MS

W.e.f. 2005-2006 Batch Subject Code: R51162

INSTRUMENTAL METHODS OF ANALYSIS

1. Introduction: Type of Analytical Methods - Instruments for Analysis - Uncertainties in instrumental Measurements - Sensitivity and detection limit for instruments. UV - Visible and Infra Red Spectroscopy: Absorptivity - Apparent deviations from Beer's law - double beam spectrophotometer operation - Sources of radiation - Detectors - Photo Meteric Accuracy - Instrumentation - Chemical applications - Qualitative analysis determination of ligand / metal ratio in a complex - Quantitative analysis - Additivity of absorbents - Photometric titrations. Emission Spectroscopy: Atomization - Flame Atomization - Graphite furnace atomizers Application of atomic absorption spectroscopy. Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Atomic emission spectroscopy; Instrumentation quantitative analysis - direct reading spectrometers - plasma excitation - flame excitation laser excitation - chemical interferences - concentration range. Magnetic Resonance: Scanning spectrometer - High resolution NMR - Chemical shift Spin - Spin coupling Frequency lock - Double resonance - applications of proton NMR quantitative analysis - qualitative analysis. Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy: ESR Instrumentation - applications of ESR Chromatography: Column, TLC, GC, HPLC and GPC - Principles and applications, Capillary columns, the stationary liquid phase - bonded phase.

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Sample Injection in Chromatography: Solid samples - detectors - first family detectors second family detectors - detector scavenging - dual detection - temperature programming commercial gas chromatographs - qualitative analysis - simulated distillation, qualitative analysis. Solvent extraction and ion - exchange techniques. TEXT BOOKS: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. R.A.Day & A.L.Underwood, Quantitative analysis, Prentice - Hall of India Pvt., Ltd., 1995 Skoog & West, Fundamentals of Analytical Chemistry, 1982. Hobert H.Willard D.L. Merrit & J.R.J.A.Dean, Instrumental Methods of Analysis, C.B.S. Publishers and Distributors, 1992. Vogal, Text Book of quantitative inorganic analysis, 1990. Ewing. Instrumental Methods of Analysis, 1992.

Syllabi for Pre PhD/Pre M.Phil/Pre MS

W.e.f. 2005-2006 Batch Subject Code: R51163

PRIMARY WATER TREATMENT PROCESSES, ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION, HEALTH AND LEGAL ASPECTS
1. 2. 3. 4. Water Treatment Processes: Introduction characteristics of water - Treatment of Water for different requirements Water Treatment Processes - Layout of Treatment Plant. Plain Sedimentation: Principles of Sedimentation Settling velocities Design consideration - Types of edimentation Tanks problems. Co-agulation And Flocculation: Chemical Coagulation Alum, Iron Salts and other coagulants for use as CoagulantsCoagulant aids secondary sedimentation tanks design. Filtration: Gravity Sand Filters - types of sand filters slow sand filter construction and theory of operation of Slow Sand Filters maintenance efficiency - Rapid Sand Filter construction and operation of filter back wash - The Under Drainage System efficiency of Rapid Gravity Sand Filters - Comparison between Slow and Rapid Gravity Filters Pressure Filter - Designs of Filters, Examples. Sanitation: Definition of environmental sanitation by W H O Communicable disease, epidemic-endemic-pandemic - sporadic diseases. Methods of infection transmission Diseases of intestinal origin, vector-borne/arthropod-borne diseases. Domestic waste disposal - without water carriage and with water carriage systems. General liquid waste treatment system- household and community waste disposals. Insect vectors - flies and mosquitoes - life histories - Diseases transmitted by vectors Eradication methods - biological control versus chemical control - rural and urban remedial measures - rats and rodent control - fumigation - disinfection - Insecticides - use and abuse. Microorganisms, contamination and spoilage of food, water and air contamination, spread of infectious diseases and control measures. Food sanitation, storage - milk sanitation. Refuse collection-transportation-methods of solid waste disposal - sanitary wastes. 6. Environmental Law: Environmental protection and laws-Environmental (Protection) Act, 1986 - The Water (Prevention and Control) Act, 1974, The Air (Prevention and Control) Act, 1981, Laws relating to Hazardous Substances and Factories Act, 1948 - Hazardous Waste (Management and Handling) Rules 1989.

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TEXT BOOKS & REFERENCE BOOKS: 1. 2. Water Supply and Sanitary Engineering G.S.Bridie & J.S.Brides, Dhanpat Rai & Sons 1993. A treatise on Rural, Municipal, and industrial water management KVSG Murali Krishna Environmental sanitation (Social and Preventive medicine) Dr.P.V. Rama Raju & KVSG Murali Krishna. Municipal and Rural Sanitation - Ehlers, V.M. and Steel, E.W.Mc.GRAW-HILL Book Company, Inc. V. edition. 1987. Environmental Sanitation, Ehlers, V.M., add Steel, E.W., McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc. Environmental Protection and Laws, Jadhav and Bhosale, V.M.Himalaya publishing House.

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Subject Code: R51164

REMOTE SENSING AND GIS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

1. Basics and fundamental concepts of remote sensing; History and Scope of Remote Sensing; Physics of remote sensing; Electromagnetic radiation and its properties Nature and sources of Electromagnetic radiation, Electromagnetic spectrum, Interactions with the

Syllabi for Pre PhD/Pre M.Phil/Pre MS W.e.f. 2005-2006 Batch Earth's atmosphere, Interaction with Earth-surface materials, Spectral reflectance of Earth surface materials; Fundamentals of Map Projections. 2. Remote Sensing Platforms and Sensors; Characteristics of imaging remote sensing instruments- spatial, spectral, radiometric and temporal resolutions; Optical, near-infrared and thermal imaging sensors- Along-Track Scanning Radiometer (ATSR), Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR), MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer), Ocean observing instruments, IRS-1 LISS, Landsat Instruments, SPOT sensors, Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER), High-resolution commercial and micro-satellite systems; Microwave imaging sensors, ERS SAR, RADARSAT; Fundamentals of satellite image interpretation; Techniques of image interpretation visual and digital. 3. Image processing methods; Properties of digital remote sensing data; Pre-processing of Remotely Sensed Data- Cosmetic operations, Geometric correction and registration, Atmospheric correction, Illumination and view angle effects, Sensor calibration and Terrain effects; Image Enhancement Techniques - Contrast enhancement, Pseudocolour enhancement; Image Transforms - Arithmetic operations, Empirically based image transforms, Principal Components Analysis, Hue, Saturation and Intensity (HIS) transform, The Discrete Fourier Transform; Filtering Techniques- Spatial domain low-pass (smoothing) filters, Spatial domain high-pass (sharpening) filters, Spatial domain edge detectors; Image Classification Unsupervised and supervised. Basic concepts of GIS- definition, terminology, components of GIS, GIS categories, Fundamental operations of GIS, Theoretical framework of GIS; Data collection- digitizing maps, scanning, aerial photographs and photo interpretation, remote sensing, surveying, GPS, photogrammetric mapping; Data storage- vector data storage, attribute data storage, raster data storage; Basic data models- Raster models, vector models, raster versus vector models, linking digital map and attribute information, advanced data models. Basic spatial analysis in GIS- Computational analysis methods, Visual analysis methodsLogic operations, general arithmetic operations, general statistical operations, classification and reclassification, overlays, buffer analysis, connectivity and proximity operations, fuzzy analysis and visualization analysis; Data quality components of data quality, sources of error, measuring accuracy and precision; GPS - Introduction & components of GPS. Applications of Remote sensing and GIS Land resources applications, agriculture and soil sciences, mineral and oil exploration, water quality mapping, modeling and management, application in botany, ecology and forestry, RS & GIS in rural development, Risk assessment studies, urban land use assessment, aquatic resources evaluation, solid and hazardous waste disposal site selection, industrial site investigation, environmental geomorphological processes, oceanography and fisheries and wetland mapping; RS & GIS software- ARC/INFO, ArcView, SPANS, ARC GIS, ERDAS, EASIPACE and ENVI.

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TEXT BOOKS:
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Remote sensing and image interpretation T.M. Lillesand and R.W. Keifer Remote sensing in Hydrology E.T. Engman and R.J. Curney Geographic Information Systems A management perspective by Stan Arnoff Geographic Information Systems David Martin Principles and applications of photogeology Shiv Pandey Elements of Photogrammetry Paul Wolf Elements of Photogrammetry K. K. Rampal

Syllabi for Pre PhD/Pre M.Phil/Pre MS

W.e.f. 2005-2006 Batch Subject Code: R51165

SOLID WASTE AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT

1. Soil composition organic soil constituents, inorganic soil constituents, soil reactions, soil pollution and soil degradation 2. Solid waste-definition, types, characteristics (Physical & Chemical), composition and impacts; Waste collection, segregation, storage and transportation; Disposal methods-Landfill, incineration, composting; Site selection; Waste processing and energy recovery; Legal aspects and policy guidelines for solid waste management. 3. Hazardous substances and hazardous wastes- sources, composition, physical form, quantity and quality, and control of hazardous waste; Physical and biological routes of transport of hazardous waste; special hazardous wastes; Global and Indian scenario. 4. Hazardous waste sampling and characterization; analysis of hazardous waste- proximate analysis, survey analysis, directed analysis; analytical methods; hazardous material management- emergency planning and incident management, hazard communication, and workplace safety. 5. Waste collection; Segregation at source, on and off-site collection, pre-transport requirements; Safety in handling, transportation, storage, treatment and disposal technologies; Waste minimization-physical, chemical, biological and thermal treatment technologies. 6. Creation of treatment, storage and disposal facilities (TSDF); TSDF-cradle to grave concept; site selection for creating TSDF landfill; standards and guidelines for waste disposal; leachate management; monitoring and inspection; closure requirements and post-closure monitoring. 7. Waste disposal on land-landfills; underground disposal; sea disposal; incinerators and their applicability for hazardous waste management; reclamation and remediation of hazardous wastes; Legal and administrative requirements for waste management; ISO 14000 environmental standard elements and environmental management plan. SUGGESTED TEXT BOOKS & REFERENCE BOOKS: 1. Principles of Soil Chemistry 2. Hazardous waste management 3. Integrated Solid waste management 4. Standard handbook of hazardous waste 5. Hazardous waste chemistry, toxicology 6. Hazardous waste management Kim H. Tan, 2nd Edition, 1993 Charles A. Wentz, 2nd Edition, 1995, Mc Graw Hill International George Tchobanoglous, Hilary & Samuel A. Vigil Harry M. Freeman, Mc Graw Hill 1997. treatment and disposal Stanley E. Manahan, 1990, Lewis Publishers and treatment Lecture notes, Centre for Environment, IST, JNT University Frank Flintoff, WHO Regional Publications,1976.deve. countries

7. Management of solid wastes in

Syllabi for Pre PhD/Pre M.Phil/Pre MS

W.e.f. 2005-2006 Batch Subject Code: R51166

WASTE WATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES

1. Water Characterization And Treatment:

Characterization of degree of treatment of waste water - primary treatment - sedimentation flotation - secondary (biological) treatment - design principles in biological treatment facilities activated sludge process - Trickling Filters - Sludge Treatment and Disposal - Low cost waste Treatment systems and their design - Experimental Studies in Biological Waste treatment Design New concepts in Biological Waste Treatment - Advanced Wastewater Treatment - Removal of suspended solids - Removal of Dissolved solids - nitrogen removal - Phosphorus Removal advanced Biological Systems - Chemical Oxidation - Recovery of Materials from process effluents.

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Wastewater Treatment For Specific Industries Sources, characteristics and methodology for the treatment of industrial wastes of sugar industry Beverage Industry - Tannery industry - Textile mill waste industry - Fertilizer plant - Steel plant Oil refinery - Pharmaceutical plant - Paper and pulp mills.

REFERENCE BOOKS: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Industrial wastewater treatment, M.N.Rao and A.K.Dutta Waste water treatment and Disposal by Metcalf Eddy & Co. A text book of Environmental Pollution and Control Engineering by C.S.Rao Water Supply and Sanitary Engineering J.S. Bridie & G.S. Bridie. Environmental Engineering by Peavy, Rowe and Tchobanoglous Sewage disposal and Air Pollution Engineering by S.K.Garg