| |
COACHING |
Vol. 9 No. 2 January 2006 www.ausport.gov.au
The coach and respect
for officials
David Parkin, coach educator and AFL coaching ambassador
I N T HIS ed iti on With few exceptions, we all
understand the roles and
responsibilities of coaches in
3 Coach Profile: Dr Cliff Mallett
Australian sport. At all levels
4 Defying defeat of involvement, they use
6 Just do it! their personal attributes and
6 Play by the Rules
professional competencies to
assist the development of their
8 State Coaching and Officiating
athletes to achieve their best
Centre Coordinators
possible results individually and
collectively. From any viewpoint, let alone thrive, without its officials.
it is a very challenging task.
However, these days coaches have a much
broader range of responsibilities than just
teaching skills and managing the physical
conditioning of their athletes. They are
often called on to be psychologists,
counsellors, dietitians, physiologists,
biomechanists and more. In most cases,
coaches can access experts in all these
areas to deal with specific issues,
but there is one area where coaches
need to take primary responsibility for
development of their athletes — in the
area of respect.
All athletes, at all levels, in all sports,
need to develop respect for the officials
who manage their sport. Coaches, well finish, with the coaches. We set the
I believe, are in a unique position to
influence their athletes to do so. While
most now believe in athlete-centred
coaching, with empowerment and
ownership being critical elements of
the process of optimising talent, we all
understand the significant influence of
coach values, attitudes and behaviours.
It continues to frustrate and disappoint
me that coaches refuse to accept this
aspect of their role. Coaches are the
05127-48
first people that athletes, parents and
administrators listen to during and after
competition. How often do they lead
the ‘cheap shots’, tirades of abuse and
the biased, unwarranted and ignorant
criticism? A reasonable, balanced
approach from the coach has a massive,
AUSTRALIA
positive influence on bringing about similar
responses from their athletes.
Coaches, whether they like it or not, are
powerful role models (for better or worse).
If athletes see them exhibiting poor
attitudes or behaviour towards officials,
it is highly likely that they will adopt similar
attitudes and behaviours.
Culturally, in a number of Australian
sports, we have struggled with respect for
officialdom. Sport certainly cannot survive,
My sport, Australian football, faces many
challenges in the immediate future. At
the elite level it becomes a very difficult
game to play and coach, but not nearly as
demanding as it is to umpire. For players,
coaches, spectators and the media, it
has become commonplace to have a ‘free
hit’ at the officialdom, particularly when
someone needs a scapegoat. The end
result is that few are encouraged to take
up the umpiring role and fewer survive the
constant barrage of abuse and criticism.
We need a radical change in thinking,
massive community education and strong
reinforcers of acceptable behaviour by
governing bodies before we can arrest
the situation. But it starts, and could very
standards in all attitudes and behaviour
related to officials. It is our responsibility
to show respect, positive and supportive
behaviour, and a balanced attitude in
our relationships and communication
with officialdom — regardless of their
performance on any given day.
Make the change now! As Leigh Matthews
said back in April 2003, ‘… let’s bury
the anti-umpire culture … because we
need to elevate them from the state of
national enemy and treat them as the
respected and integral part of the game
they should be’.
One thing is certain — sport without an
independent umpire would be a disaster.
What about it, coaches?
 2 COACHING AUSTRALIA VOL. 9 NO. 2

Coaching Australia, issued six-monthly, is
published by the Australian Sports Commission.
To receive an electronic version of Coaching
Australia, email coaching@ausport.gov.au.
For more information on enrolling in a coaching
course, checking your National Coaching
Accreditation Scheme status, updating your
contact details, or general information on
coaching in Australia, visit www.ausport.gov.
au/coach/index.asp.
Coach’s Corner:
Eddie Jones
Opportunity’s knocking: are you ready?
Much has been written about
coaches progressing through the
ranks to the pinnacle of their
career. Just what the pinnacle is
will often be determined by the
coach — for some it might be
coaching at the Olympic Games or
the world championships or world
cup. For others, the ultimate goal
might be achieving the role of a
head club coach and/or winning
the local premiership. For me, the
goal is to coach better every day.

Sport The Library

The Australian Sports Commission is the
Australian Government body responsible for
the delivery of funding and development of
Australian sport through the implementation
of the Government’s sport policy, Building
Australian Communities through Sport. It
was established by, and operates under, the
Australian Sports Commission Act 1989. Its
national leadership role is achieved through be effective coaches. There can be no
four operational areas: Australian Institute of
Sport, Sport Performance and Development,
Corporate Services, and Commercial and
Facilities. The Australian Sports Commission
forms part of the Communications, Information
Technology and the Arts portfolio.
For general enquiries:
Tel: (02) 6214 1111
Fax: (02) 6251 2680
Email: asc@ausport.gov.au
Web site: www.ausport.gov.au
For a complete listing of Australian Sports
Commission publications, visit www.ausport. when it occurs. A variety of factors beyond
gov.au/publications/catalogue/index.asp.
© Australian Sports Commission 2006
This work is copyright. Apart from any fair occur. A vacancy has come up in the
dealing for the purpose of private study,
research, criticism or review as permitted
under the Copyright Act 1968 and subsequent
amendments, no part of this publication and you have the relevant qualifications
may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval
system, or transmitted in any form or by any
means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying,
recording or otherwise, without prior written
permission from the Australian Sports
Commission. Requests and enquiries
concerning reproduction should be addressed continue to present. Work hard to improve
to copyright@ausport.gov.au
ISSN 1448-3742
Unless otherwise specified, all images are the
property of the Australian Sports Commission
Produced by Australian Sports Commission
Publishing staff
Printed by Union Offset Printers
There are many factors that contribute
to a coach being able to reach their goal,
whatever it might be. Many experts have
written on the importance of coaches
ensuring that they have the experience
and knowledge necessary to enable
them to move through the ranks and
denying that experience and knowledge
are vital components of successful
progression in coaching.
However, are experience and knowledge
the only factors that determine whether
a coach is ready to take the next step?
It has been suggested that no matter
how experienced or educated some
coaches are, they may not be ready to
seize an opportunity for advancement
experience and knowledge contribute to
being ready to move to the next level.
Let us look at a situation that could easily
national program of your sport. It is the
area you have always wanted to work in
and have done your ‘apprenticeship’
working part time in the state program,
in addition to your day job. It would seem
that this vacancy has your name all over
it. All you have to do is say yes.
However, it may not be that simple. For
example, you or your partner may be
pregnant and you may have just bought a
home. The coaching position may pay a
bit less than your current day job and may
require you to move to another city. With
a baby on the way and a new mortgage,
could you really afford to take this
position, as much as you want it?
There may be other factors as well.
You may have just taken on coaching a
couple of youngsters who are showing
enormous potential and you would really
like to see them through to at least state
championship level — something that
would not be feasible if you took this
new position. There may be someone in
your family who really needs your support
at this time in their life and taking the
position may impact on your ability to
provide that support.
There is no easy solution. Each coach
needs to weigh up the pros and cons of
each opportunity as it presents in order
to make an appropriate decision. At least
being aware of the other factors that
may influence the decision can help in
analysing whether you really are ready
for the next opportunity in your coaching
‘career’. And rest assured, if you are not
ready now, there is quite likely another
opportunity waiting around the corner.
There are always opportunities for
good coaches.
Coaches should always focus on coaching
better every day, then opportunities will
yourself — learn, listen and observe. Do
not coach to get a better job. Coaches
who do this have short careers. Focus
on the process of coaching and good
opportunities will look after themselves.
Eddie Jones
Appointed 2007 Queensland Reds
Super 14 Coach

Coach profile:
Dr Cliff Mallett
Obsession is not a dirty word
By Sharon Phillips
For Dr Cliff Mallett, coaching
success requires a coach to Queensland track. He also lectures in the
have a healthy degree of
obsessive behaviour.
Perhaps this is the secret ingredient
behind Mallett’s success with Australia’s
two men’s track and field relay teams at
the Athens Olympic Games. The men’s called the Coach Behaviour Scale for
4 x 400-metre team was the first
Australian men’s relay team to win an
Olympic medal, placing second. The men’s
4 x 100-metre team became the first
Australian team to make an Olympic men’s
4 x 100-metre final, finishing sixth.
‘The men’s 4 x 100-metre and 4 x
400-metre team [results] were a highlight
of my career in coaching. To witness a it is to remain at the forefront of
4 x 100-metre team execute the exchange
of a baton sprinting at 35 kilometres an
hour or faster in a highly contested and
crowded environment in a heightened
atmosphere is just fantastic,’ he says.
‘The men’s 4 x 400-metre team, similar to
the men’s 4 x 100-metre team, ran their
race almost to perfection. Both teams
ran times that were targeted and hence
produced their potential. The execution
of the 4 x 400-metre team in the final
was a reflection of the solid preparation
that they undertook in understanding the
requirements of their event, the strengths
of the team, and the commitment to their
team-mates to realise their dream.’
You get the impression that Mallett ran
every second of the race with these
athletes, but it was not the result that
gave him the most pleasure, rather
that each athlete produced his optimal
performance.
‘To see an athlete execute a race
tactically and technically well at important
competition is just intrinsically rewarding. I
coached an athlete who overcame serious
injury to perform well at the Olympics
(ninth) in the sprints and demonstrated
amazing mental toughness. Other athletes
I coached over extended times have
enabled me to witness the development of
the athlete, and as a person, and to know
that you contributed to that development
in a significant way is very powerful.’
Mallett has been an international coach
for more than 12 years. He has been the
national coach for sprints and relays since
1994 and coaches at the University of
University’s School of Human Movement
Studies, specialising in coaching and
sport psychology. He has recently been
conducting research in Canada on the
work of elite coaches. Mallett believes
this type of research and the concept of
continuous improvement are vital for his
own professional growth.
More than that though, he says
challenging the orthodoxy of what is
current practice is the only way the
coaching profession can evolve.
Mallett has long advocated that Australia
needs to produce more tertiary-educated
coaches with strong field experience if It is something that Mallett would like to
international sport.
‘Tertiary education provides a sound
foundation of knowledge in a number
of disciplines but most importantly, it
teaches coaches to think critically about
what they read, what they coach and how
they coach,’ Mallett says.
‘The Coles Report in 1975 criticised
the standard of coaching in Australia,
which led to the development of the
Australian Sports Commission and the
Australian Institute of Sport. Two key
recommendations [the report made]
were for a national system of coaching
accreditation and coaching education at
the tertiary level,’ he says.
Clinton Hill of the Australian relay team competes in the men’s 4 x 400-metre relay final,
Athens Olympic Games, 2004. The team was coached by Dr Cliff Mallett.
COACHING AUSTRALIA VOL. 9 NO. 2 3
‘The National Coaching Accreditation
Scheme has been successfully
established but Australia has been slow to
respond to the need for developing coach
education at the tertiary level.
‘I have spent the past five years working
with the Australian Sports Commission
and the Australian Institute of Sport in
developing a suite of programs specifically
aimed at developing high performance
coaches in Australia. This program
prepares the Australian Institute of Sport
scholarship coaches and complements
their work in the field.’
At the recent 11th World Congress in
Sport Psychology in Sydney, Mallett argued
for greater use of tools such as the
coaching assessment instrument
Sport. The tool, developed in Canada,
helps evaluate the quality of work
undertaken by coaches from the points
of view of athletes and players. This is
then used with other key performance
indicators to help coaches review and
improve the quality of their work.
see introduced to evaluate the quality of
high performance coaches’ work in the
Australian Institute of Sport and state
and territory institutes and academies
of sport network.
He sees a future where a strong applied
research program in coaching informs the
development of the next generation of
high performance coaches and transforms
coach development at all levels of
participation in Australia.
‘It’s essential to continually explore ways
to improve the quality of your work so that
you can provide the athletes you coach
with the best preparation and guidance
possible,’ he says. ‘Coaching is dynamic
and continually evolving.’
Getty Images/Australian Sports Commission 04115-21
 4 COACHING AUSTRALIA VOL. 9 NO. 2

Defying defeat
Interview with Steven Folkes,
Coach of the National Rugby League team, the Bulldogs

The cliché ‘it’s not whether you win or lose, but how you play the why they didn’t do it is key to getting
game’ may have some real value, but nothing hurts like the pain over mistakes and trying to learn from
them. That’s something I certainly
of defeat and it is the fear of defeat that motivates many towards
learnt as a player.
victory. All sportspeople have suffered the agony of loss, but it
When mistakes are made by players early
is the psychological battle post-contest that may impact most on
on in the season there are many chances
a defeated athlete the next time they walk on the playing field. to make up for their follies. Swallowing the
Steven Folkes, coach of the Bulldogs, shares his experience and defeat, going back and working through
coaching philosophy on defying defeat. the team’s errors and seeing where it all
went wrong is essential. But what about
major defeats in finals or grandfinals,
Q: Everybody has heard players stating opposition. They really need to get where a loss can have a long-lasting
that defeat in a previous encounter those processes right, and hopefully if psychological effect on a player or team?
was motivation enough to go out they do all that right, the outcome will Running through the mistakes and failed
and win. Is this necessarily the look after itself. techniques over the off-season will do
right motivation to be taking Folkes raises the issue of getting the nothing for the player’s troubled psyche.
into competition? ‘processes’ right. Skills training and The off-season should be a time for
fitness training are important, but in game relaxation and recovery, and a renewed
A: It varies from individual to individual
conditions the effects of poor nutrition and vigour to work better and harder in the
and from club to club, but I guess
dehydration can affect mental and physical coming season.
whatever an individual finds motivating
is good enough. It can definitely be fitness. Choices made in a game can Sports psychology is an important asset
one element, but I wouldn’t hang my be severely affected if the body is under for coaches. When Steven Folkes played
hat on it as a coach. If you have a stress. In tight games, one bad decision rugby league, sports psychologists were
defeat it all depends on the reasons. by each player from being unfocused and not used regularly. He remembers that
If they played poorly and weren’t lacking concentration can lead to defeat. there were certainly a few around, but
motivated and weren’t committed Fueling the body before and during a game he realises that sports psychology has
then perhaps that’s certainly worth will stave off physical and mental fatigue become far more of a science and that
mentioning. It’s more about their — helping the mind stay fresh and alert, increasingly it is the role of the sports
own performance and lifting the keeping eyes peeled for opportunities psychologist and the coach to help
standard of that. for success — helping the body maintain athletes rationalise and cope with a
peak performance for longer, taking those major defeat.
Q: Does the preparation for the next opportunities and turning them into
game differ when coming off a loss? The mistakes that lead to defeat may well
success. Fueling the body after a game
be borne from anxiety and an inability
A: No, I don’t think so, not greatly. will also ensure faster recovery for the
to deal with intense pressure that team
Obviously, winning is what it’s all next round.
sports can bring. It has been suggested
about, so as a team you become Of course, using the home ground that an athlete with strong self-esteem will
more focused to win and maybe advantage where possible to boost team always cope better with defeat and that
that’s not a good thing. You should spirit is also an effective tool to defy this strong self-esteem makes the player
probably be more focused on the defeat. Supporters like nothing better than less likely to crumble in the face
processes of getting the two points to cheer their team to victory, especially of extreme pressure.
rather than the actual win itself. But after a disappointing loss.
different situations call for different If uncharacteristic mistakes begin to
Q: If an individual player in a team sport regularly occur for a player under pressure,
approaches, if you’ve lost five in a row,
makes an error that costs the team and skills, fitness, nutrition and hydration
obviously winning the next game is
victory, what does a coach say? issues can be discounted, sessions with
going to be fairly important to you as a
player and as a team. A: I think you have to make sure they a sports psychologist may be valuable in
understand the reasons behind the revealing an underlying anxiety. With time,
Q: What tips or suggestions would you the problem can be treated, fortifying the
error. If players start to dwell on
have for coaches and players coming athletes with skills to fight against future
mistakes, then obviously they will
off a loss? attacks. If it is revealed that the athlete’s
continue to make similar sorts of
A: Your players lost because they didn’t errors. Understanding why they did poor performance is more psychological
do certain things as well as the it, what they should have done and than physical, a sport psychologist can

‘Your players lost because they didn’t do certain
things as well as the opposition. They really need
to get those processes right, and hopefully if they
do all that right, the outcome will look after itself.’
assist the athlete in rationalising the loss
and work with the athlete to resolve the
issues that prevent peak performance.
Indeed, it could be the case that
sports psychology may well be helping
to reinforce the resolve of today’s
sportspeople who, if left unassisted, may
well have fallen to pieces in the heat of
competition and would never have reached
the highs enjoyed by champion athletes.
This article is reproduced with the
permission of the editorial team at
Coaches’ Edge, a free web-based
newsletter that publishes the latest
research in hydration, nutrition, training,
injury management, and mental
preparation among others.
To join Coaches’ Edge log on to
www.coachesedge.com.au.
COACHING AUSTRALIA VOL. 9 NO. 2 5
Practical tips
• After a loss, do not leave it
too long before addressing the
team’s disappointment.
• Encourage team players to
find and implement solutions
together to improve morale and
focus on what they can achieve
and do better, rather than what
they did wrong.
• If an individual player is at
fault, find time to take them
aside to discuss the issues
privately and determine solutions
and a strategy to implement
these goals.
• Consider the player’s/team’s
fitness and skills training
regime and review their
nutrition and hydration
strategies before, during and
after training and competition.
• Determine if sessions with a
sports psychologist will help and
make the referral personally.
• Take a good look at your own
attitude as a coach — help your
players rise to the occasion to
achieve both personal and team
success and you too will feel the
satisfaction that success brings.
716-0028
 6 COACHING AUSTRALIA VOL. 9 NO. 2

Play by the Rules

Being a coach is very rewarding but can also be very demanding —
keeping up with new rules and regulations, making sure you have the
necessary skills and knowledge to coach capably and professionally,
balancing the desire to win with the need for enjoyment and of course
trying to keep everyone happy. If you can do all of that you can
probably run a multinational corporation!

An increasingly important legal (and to explain the law, coaches rights

ethical) requirement for coaches is to
provide a sporting environment for those
they coach that is fun, safe and fair. This
helps coaches protect players (especially
children) and themselves from any
behaviour that is inappropriate, undesirable
and potentially unlawful.
The good news is that there are practical
resources that can assist you to meet
your roles and responsibilities as a coach.
Play by the Rules (www.playbytherules.net.
au) is an excellent web site that has free
information, tailored for coaches, on child
protection and how to prevent and respond
to discrimination and harassment including:
• free, short online learning courses Commission and all state and territory
that use easy-to-understand and
relevant examples and case scenarios
and responsibilities and provide
useful strategies
• practical information and guidelines to
assist coaches working with players,
particularly children
• additional information to assist
understanding on issues such as
maintaining appropriate relationships
and boundaries, understanding the
difference between discipline and
abuse, how to deal with complaints
and so on. www.playbytherules.net.au
Play by the Rules is supported by
the Australian Sports Commission,
Human Rights and Equal Opportunity
government sport and recreation and
anti-discrimination agencies.

Become a better coach — subscribe to

I wish to subscribe to Sports Coach, issued
quarterly, starting with the next published issue:
Australia Outside Australia
❏ one year $23.50 ($21.10*) $43.00 ($38.70*)
❏ two years $45.50 ($40.80*) $84.50 ($76.00*)

Sports Coach
* National Coaching Accreditation Scheme coaches
receive 10% discount.
❏ I enclose a cheque/money order payable to the
Australian Sports Commission.
❏ Please charge my credit card:
Sports Coach is published by the Australian Sports ❏ Bankcard ❏ MasterCard ❏ Visa
Commission and aims to provide coaches, in particular
Card no:______________________________________
beginning and intermediate-level coaches, with
interesting, useful and up-to-date coaching information. Expiry date:___________________________________

Regular features in Sports Coach include: Signature:_____________________________________

➤ Thanks, coach — high-profile athletes thanking the
Date:_________________________________________
coaches who nurtured them
➤ webwatch — a listing of web sites that are useful Payment total $:_______________________________

and informative to coaches NCAS ID no:___________________________________

➤ referenced articles — a listing of journal articles,
Sport:________________________________________
including recently published sports-specific journals
➤ interviews with high-profile coaches Level:________________________________________

➤ strength and conditioning Name:________________________________________

➤ coaching children Address:______________________________________
➤ coaching methods
___________________________Postcode:__________
➤ sports psychology
Tel:___________________________________________
➤ sports nutrition
➤ sports injury Fax:__________________________________________

➤ new resource reviews. Post to Sports Coach PO Box 176 Belconnen ACT 2616
Enquiries: Tel: (02) 6214 1551 or fax: (02) 6214 1200
 COACHING AUSTRALIA VOL. 9 NO. 2 7

Just do it!:
thinking hinders competition performance,
but does it help training?
By Jörg Schorer, Institute for Sport and Sport Science,
Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Germany

Tag lines such as ‘Just do it!’ and Schorer tested six experts (German
Hollywood movies such as Tin Cup team champions) and six novices (sports Practical implications
students) under seven conditions
illustrate what research actually • It might be harmful to make
in dart throwing. The first condition
means for athletes and coaches. was a baseline condition without any your athlete think about their
In the movie Tin Cup, Kevin instructions. The following six conditions
technique. The best strategy
Costner plays a talented driving might be to ‘just do it!’ If
consisted of three different focuses of
necessary, make the athlete
range pro that finally makes it attention conditions:
think about something totally
into the US Open in order to • concentrate on the return phase of the different. Arnold Palmer used
impress a woman. On his first arm — Internal (Int1) to think about the tension
training session he loses his drive • concentrate on the release of the dart in his little toe rather than
while standing next to the real — Internal (Int 2) concentrating on the golf
professional golfers. His caddy club. Another example was
• concentrate on the bulls-eye —
Jonny Wilkinson’s place
helps him to get back on track by External (Ext).
kicks at the 2003 Rugby
advising him to move his change They also varied the feedback to the World Cup, where he would
from the left to the right pocket, subjects using occlusion goggles. The only concentrate on where
and turn his hat from the front goggles have the ability to either allow the on the ball he wished to
to the back. Basically, he makes person to see the result of each throw or make contact. There was
they black out the goggles after the no technique thinking in
him look like an idiot. But the idea
dart has been thrown. Therefore the terms of body position, wind
behind this strange advice is to subjects have knowledge of results (KR) direction, just looking at the
stop Costner thinking about his (feedback provided) or no knowledge contact point on the ball.
play and, as a result, he improves. of results (no-KR) and so no feedback. • Secondly, it might be helpful
The results show changes in throwing if the athlete closed their
So the question that needs to be outcomes (see Figure 1). eyes during a series of shots.
asked is — is this just a Hollywood
As expected, there were differences The idea behind this is that
tale or is it empirical and practical
between experts and novices in dart it will help them to avoid
evidence of the benefits of distracting
technique changes and
a performer’s attention away from their throwing. Comparing the focus of
thinking. Examples of sports
game, and if so, are there differences attention conditions, the external condition
where athletes could close
between experts and novices when outperforms internal conditions 1 and 2.
their eyes while executing
they use different focuses of attention Most remarkably, however, none of the
a particular skill include
during competition? conditions outperformed the baseline.
softball or baseball pitching,
basketball free throws,
Figure 1: Mean amplitude radial error in cm (+ standard deviation) for experts
or bowls.
(n = 6) and novices (n = 6) across seven conditions

12
Experts
Novices
10

8
Radial error

0
Baseline Int1/KR Int1/no-KR Int2/KR Int2/no-KR Ext/KR Ext/no-KR
Test conditions
 8 COACHING AUSTRALIA VOL. 9 NO. 2

State coaching and officiating centre coordinators

as of JANUARY 2006

Australian Capital Territory Tasmania Queensland

Rebecca Kelley Kate Mirowski Paul Knight
Sport and Recreation ACT Education and Development Consultant Sport and Recreation Queensland
Coaching and Officiating Centre Sport and Recreation Tasmania PO Box 187 (Albert Street)
PO Box 147 Department of Economic Development Brisbane QLD 4002
Civic Square ACT 2608 GPO Box 646 Tel: (07) 3237 9835
Tel: (02) 6207 4389 Hobart TAS 7001 Email: paul.knight@srq.qld.gov.au
Fax: (02) 6207 2071 Tel: (03) 6233 5616
Email: Rebecca.Kelley@act.gov.au Fax: (03) 6233 5800
Western Australia
Email: Kate.Mirowski@development. Ian Crawford
New South Wales tas.gov.au Consultant — Coaching
Phil Riddington Department of Sport and Recreation
Sport Education Unit Northern Territory PO Box 66
NSW Tourism, Sport and Recreation Racheal Curtain Wembley WA 6913
Locked Bag 1422 Office of Sport and Recreation Tel: (08) 9492 9723
Silverwater NSW 2128 Division of Department Community Mobile: 0419 043 484
Tel: (02) 9006 3763 Development Fax: (08) 9492 9711
Fax: (02) 9006 3884 Sport and Cultural Affairs Email: ian.crawford@dsr.wa.gov.au
Mobile: 0421 526 408 PO Box 1095 Liane Tooth
Email: sported@dsr.nsw.gov.au Alice Springs NT 0870 Officiating Consultant
Tel: (08) 8951 6433 Department of Sport and Recreation
South Australia Fax: (08) 8951 6430 PO Box 66
Russell D’Costa Email: Racheal.Curtain@nt.gov.au Wembley WA 6913
State Coaching and Officiating Centre
Victoria Tel: (08) 9492 9724
Support Officer
Mobile: 0417 936 904
Office for Recreation and Sport Les Bee
Fax: (08) 9492 9711
PO Box 219 Sport Education Victoria
Email: liane.tooth@dsr.wa.gov.au
Brooklyn Park SA 5032 C/- Victorian Institute of Sport
Tel: (08) 8416 6605 PO Box 12608
Fax: (08) 8416 6753 Melbourne VIC 8006
Email: dcosta.russell@saugov.sa.gov.au Tel: (03) 9425 0057
Fax: (03) 9425 0100
Email: sported@vis.org.au
Web site: www.vis.org.au/sported