zyein University Mechanical Engineering

Dr. Bahar Bam

Bahar Basim- OzU Fall 2010

Engineering Materials and their Properties The Price and Availability of Materials Green Materials Field Trip

Bahar Basim- OzU Fall 2010

There are 50,000 materials available to engineers

Natural Materials
Wood Leather Cotton/Silk/Wool Bone

Bahar Basim- OzU Fall 2010

Economic General physical Mechanical Thermal Electrical and Magnetic Environmental Interaction Production Aesthetic

Price and availability Recyclability Density Modulus, Yield and Tensile strength, Hardness, Fracture Toughness, Fatigue strength, Creep strength, Damping Thermal conductivity, Specific heat, Thermal expansion coefficient Resistivity, Dielectric constant, Magnetic Permeability Oxidation, Corrosion, Wear Ease of manufacture, Joining, Finishing Color, Texture, Feel

Bahar Basim- OzU Fall 2010

Shaft and Blade (Carbon steel)

High modulus- no bending High yield strength- no deformation Hardness- compatible with screw Fracture toughness- no fracture

Handel (PMMA)

Modulus- not very critical Friction coefficient- easy to grip Ease of fabrication- wood vs PMMA Texture/appearance- feels right Isolation safe against electricity Price- cheap
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Bahar Basim- OzU Fall 2010

Blades (Ti - Alloy)

Yield Strength

Fracture toughness
Fatigue fluctuating loads Surface wear- birds, particles, water Corrosion water, sea, salt, emissions Density CFPR Creep & oxidation high temp (950 C- Ni based alloys)

Bahar Basim- OzU Fall 2010

Mast: Al-Alloy

Sails: polymer nylon (terylene or kevlar) instead of cotton

Light than wood for a given strength Controlled defectivity to prevent fracture Corrosion resistant

Hull: Fiberglass
Single molding Light Good appearance No worm threat like wood No rust/corrosion

Bahar Basim- OzU Fall 2010

Breakdown of Material Prices

Class of use Basic construction Medium and light engineering Material Wood, concrete, structural steel Metals, alloys and polymers for aircraft, automobiles, appliances, etc. Turbine-blade alloys, advanced composites (CFRP,BFRP), etc. Sapphire bearings, silver contacts, gold microcircuits Cutting and polishing tools Price per ton US$ 90-900 900-9000

Special materials

9000-90,000

Precious metals, etc.

90,000-18M

Industrial diamond

> 180M

Bahar Basim- OzU Fall 2010

Engineering Design & Materials

Bahar Basim- OzU Fall 2010

Progress in Engineering Design Wooden Bridge

150 years ago, cheap, high quality timber available

Bahar Basim- OzU Fall 2010

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Progress in Engineering Design Stone Bridge

Stone-available, durable, accessible

Bahar Basim- OzU Fall 2010

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Progress in Engineering Design Cast Iron Bridge

Relatively low assembly cost

Bahar Basim- OzU Fall 2010

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Progress in Engineering Design Mild Steel Bridge

Metallurgical developments enabled steel bridges

Bahar Basim- OzU Fall 2010

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Progress in Engineering Design Concrete Reinforced Bridge

Durable and affordable structures with concrete

Bahar Basim- OzU Fall 2010

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Progress in Engineering Design Suspension Bridge

Bahar Basim- OzU Fall 2010

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Specifications

Structure The weight of the roadway is hung from two cables that pass through the two main towers and are fixed in concrete at each end. Each cable is made of 27,572 strands of wire. There are 80,000 miles (129,000 km) of wire in the main cables.[24] The bridge has approximately 1,200,000 total rivets.
What

are the design challenges for Golden Gate Bridge? How does it compare to Phosphorous Bridge?
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Gate_Bridge http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosphorus_Bridge
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