Progressive, WW1 and 1920's

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16th Amendment: Amendment to the United States Constitution (1913) gave Congress the power to tax income. 17th Amendment: Passed in 1913, this amendment to the Constitution calls for the direct election of senators by the voters instead of their election by state legislatures.

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Gentlemen's Agreement: Agreement when Japan agreed to curb the number of workers coming to the US and in exchange Roosevelt agreed to allow the wives of the Japenese men already living in the US to join them

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Harlem Renaissance: a period in the 1920s when AfricanAmerican achievements in art and music and literature flourished

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18th Amendment: Prohibited the manufacture, sale, and distribution of alcoholic beverages 19th Amendment: gave women the right to vote 20th Amendment: reduce the amount of time between the election of the President and Congress and the beginning of their terms.
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hay-Buneau-Varilla Treaty: varilla signed treaty granting US full sovereignty in perpetuity over a ten mile wide zone Keating-Owen Child Labor Act: Prohibited the sale of interstate commerce goods produced by children League of Nations: an international organization formed in 1920 to promote cooperation and peace among nations Lochner vs. New York: Supreme Court ruled that states could not restrict ordinary workers' hours (NY had a law giving bakers a 10hr day), Supreme Court ruled that states could not restrict ordinary workers' hours

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21st Amendment: repealed the 18th amendment Albert Fall: The Secretary of the Interior who accepted bribes from an oil company and started the Teapot Dome Scandal.

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Andrew Mellon: the Secretary of the Treasury during the Harding Administration. He felt it was best to invest in taxexempt securities rather than in factories that provided prosperous payrolls. He believed in trickle down economics. (Hamiltonian economics)

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Lost Generation: A group of people disconnected from their country and its values, Group of writers in 1920s who shared the belief that they were lost in a greedy, materialistic world that lacked moral values and often choose to flee to Europe

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Ballinger-Pinchot Affair: Taft cabinet members who had fought over conservation efforts and how much effort and money should be put into conserving national resources
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Lusitania: ancient region and Roman province of the Iberian peninsula Margaret Sanger: United States nurse who campaigned for birth control and planned parenthood Muckcrakers: Among the first people to articulate progressive ideas was this group of crusading journalists who investigated social conditions and political corruption.Muckrakers articles led to a general public debate on social and economic problems and put pressure on politicians to introduce reforms.

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Big Stick Policy: Roosevelt's philosophy - In international affairs, ask first but bring along a big army to help convince them. Threaten to use force, act as international policemen
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Bull Moose Party: nickname for the new Progressive Party, which was formed to support Roosevelt in the election of 1912 Charles Linbergh: An American pilot who was the first to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean in 1927. D.W. Griffith: carried the motion picture into the new era with his silent epics (The Birth of a Nation, Intolerance, etc.) which introduced serious plots and elaborate productions to filmmaking. Motion pictures were the first truly mass entertainment medium.

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Open Door Policy: A policy proposed by the US in 1899, under which ALL nations would have equal opportunities to trade in China.

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Prohibition: the action of prohibiting or inhibiting or forbidding (or an instance thereof) Pure Food and Drug Act: the act that prohibited the manufacture, sale, or shipment of impure of falsely labeled food and drugs

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Dollar Diplomacy: President Taft's policy of linking American business interests to diplomatic interests abroad
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Emilio Aguinaldo: Leader of the Filipino independence movement against Spain (1895-1898). He proclaimed the independence of the Philippines in 1899, but his movement was crushed and he was captured by the United States Army in 1901. (p. 743)
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Robert Lafollette: Republican Senator from Wisconsin - ran for president under the Progressive Party - proponent of Progressivism and a vocal opponent of railroad trusts, bossism, World War I, and the League of Nations

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Federal Reserve System: the central bank of the United States Federal Trade Commission: an independent agency of the United States fedeal government that maintains fair and free competition
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Roosevelt Corollary: Roosevelt's 1904 extension of the Monroe Doctrine, stating that the United States has the right to protect its economic interests in South And Central America by using military force

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Flappers: Young women of the 1920s that behaved and dressed in a radical fashion Fourteen Points: the war aims outlined by President Wilson in 1918, which he believed would promote lasting peace; called for self-determination, freedom of the seas, free trade, end to secret agreements, reduction of arms and a league of nations

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Sacco and Vanzetti: were two italian born american laborers and anarchists who were tired convicted and executed via electrocution on Aug 3 1927 in Ma for the 1920 armed robbery. it is believed they had nothing to do with the crime

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Schenck vs. U.S.: a 1919 decision upholidng the conviction of a socialist who had urged young men to resist the draft during WW1. justice holmes declared that gov't can limit speech if the speech provokes a "clear and present danger" of substantive evils. Scopes Trial: a highly publicized trial in 1925 when John Thomas Scopes violated a Tennessee state law by teaching evolution in high school Underwood-Simmons Tariff: 1914, lowered tariff, substantially reduced import fees. Lost tax revenue would be replaced with an income tax that was implemented with the 16th amendment. Volstead Act: The Act specified that "no person shall manufacture, sell, barter, transport, import, export, deliver, furnish or possess any intoxicating liquor except as authorized by this act." It did not specifically prohibit the purchase or use of intoxicating liquors Woodrow Wilson: 28th President of the United States Zimmerman Note (telegram): Telegram from Germany to Mexico intercepted by US; asked Mexico to invade US; contributing facto to US entry into WWI

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